2018年年12月大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套.doc

(完整版)2018年年12月大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套

2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）

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Part I


Writing


（30 minutes）

Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying
“Help others，and you will be helped when you are in need” you can cite examples to illustrate
your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II


Listening Comprehension


(30 minutes)

说明：由于 2017 年 12 月六级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套听力内

容完全一致，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III


Reading Comprehension


(40 minutes)

Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks。 You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices。 Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has
just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030。 The
country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95％ by 2050， ___26___ a shift to
green energy in the country. Effectively， the ban will include the registration of new cars in the
country as they will not allow any gasoline ___27___ vehicle to be registered after 2030.
Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and ___28___ is because energy officials see
that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not ___29___ a large portion of
vehicle emissions。 The country is still ___30___ that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing
emissions by 40％ by 2020， but the ___31___ of electric cars in the country has not occurred as
fast as expected.
Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million

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2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）

hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country。 By 2030， Germany plans on
having over 6 million charging stations ___32___. According to the International Business Times，
electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions
scandal.
There are ___33___ around 155，000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads，
dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now。 As countries continue setting
goals of reducing emissions， greater steps need to be taken to have a ___34___ effect on the
surrounding environment。 While the efforts are certainly not ___35___, the results of such bans
will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.

A) acceptance
B） currently
C） disrupting
D） eliminate

E）exhaust
F） futile
G) hopeful
H) implemented

I）incidentally
J） installed
K） noticeable
L） powered

M） restoration
N） skeptical
O） sparking

Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。 Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived, You may choose a, paragraph more than once。 Each paragraph
is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2。
Apple's Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Teach Industry
A) The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist’s
smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and
the United States government。
B） After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in
2013 that the government both cozied up to （讨好） certain tech companies and hacked into others
to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United
States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it
may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion： In the long run， the tech companies are
destined to emerge victorious。

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2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）

C) It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side， you have the United States
government’s mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort：
the secrets buried in a dead mass murderer’s phone. The action stems from a federal court order
issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation （F.B。I) to unlock an
iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino， California, in
December.
D） In the other corner is the world’s most valuable company， whose chief executive， Timothy D.
Cook， has said he will appeal the court’s order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a
principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone
so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all
iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.
E） There will probably be months of legal tussling， and it is not at all clear which side will prevail
in court， nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a
simple dynamic： Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this
confrontation。 They have our data， and their businesses depend on the global public's collective
belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data。
F) Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple
is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation， what is to prevent
it from doing so for a request from the Chinese or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write code
that lets the F。B。I。 get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San
Bernardino attack， who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into
its other devices？
G) Apple’s stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden， when the company started putting in
place a series of technologies that， by default, make use of encryption to limit access to people’s
data。 More than that, Apple - and, in different ways， other tech companies, including Google,
Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft — have made their opposition to the government’s claims a point
of corporate pride。
H) Apple’s emerging global brand is privacy； it has staked its corporate reputation， not to mention
the investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass
surveillance that was uncovered by Mr。 Snowden。 So now, for many cases involving governmental

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2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）

intrusions into data, once—lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most
powerful company in the world。

I) “A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption,”
said Kurt Opsahl， general

counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group。 “Then you had a few
companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthy
and impassioned post， like we saw yesterday from Tim Cook. The profile has really been raised。”
J) Apple and other tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their
devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apple’s public opposition to the government's
request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single
iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apple’s help to write new code; in earlier
versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on (热衷于 ) privacy，
the F。B.I. may have been able to break into the device by itself。
K） You can expect that noose （ 束 缚 ) to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or not
Apple loses this specific case， measures that it could put into place in the future will almost
certainly be able to further limit the government’s reach。
L) That's not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant。 As Apple and
several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the
F。B。I。 access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The order
essentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place， the precedent could be used
to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far
removed from national security threats.
M） Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones， the government could ask to use it
proactively （ 先 发 制 人 地 ）, before a suspected terrorist attack — leaving Apple in a bind as to
whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public—relations nightmare。 “This is a brand—new
salvo in the war against encryption，” Mr。 Opsahl said.“We’ve had plenty of debates in Congress
and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor， and this is an end run around
that — here they come with an order to create that backdoor.”
N） Yet it’s worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case， it has plenty of technical
means to close a backdoor over time。“If they're anywhere near worth their salt as engineers， I bet

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2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)

they're rethinking their threat model as we speak," said Jonathan Zdziarski， a digital forensic
expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.
O) One relatively simple fix, Mr。 Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of
the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified
operating system that the F.B.I. wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally
introduce a code that weakens the iPhone — a user would have to consent to it.
P） “Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof，” Mr. Zdziarski said， but he pointed out that the judge’s
order in this case required Apple to provide “reasonable security assistance" to unlock Mr.
Farook’s phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its own
engineers’ “reasonable assistance” will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the
government， a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force。 In other words， even if the
F.B。I。 wins this case， in the long run, it loses.
36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers’ private
data。
37。 The US government believes that its access to people's iPhones could be used to prevent
terrorist attacks.
38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorist’s iPhone。
39。 Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to
personal data.
40. Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data in
massive scale。
41。 The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apple’s help。
42. After the Snowden incident， Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into
personal data by means of encryption.
43. According to one digital expert， no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.
44. Timothy Cook’s long web post has helped enhance Apple’s image。
45. Apple’s CEO has decided to appeal the federal court's order to unlock a user's iPhone.
Section C
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）， C) and D）。 You

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2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）

should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
At the base of a mountain in Tanzania’s Gregory Rift， Lake Natron burns bright red,
surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water.
Bats， swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in
the deposits of sodium carbonate in the water。 The lake's landscape is bizarre and deadly— and
made even more so by the fact that it’s the place where nearly 75percent of the world's
flamingos（火烈鸟) are born.
The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals。 Flamingos，
however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every
three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop
flight to breed。 Three –quarters of the world’s flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift
Valley and nest on salt- crystal islands that appear when the water is at specific level- too high and
the birds can’t build their nests， too low and predators can more briskly across the lake bed and
attack. When the water hits the right level， the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a
corrosive ditch.
“Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water,”
says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. “ Humans cannot, and would die if
their legs were exposed for any length of time。” So far this year, water levels have been too high
for the flamingos to nest。
Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons (泻湖）
form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron。 Three species of tilapia (罗非
鱼 ) thrive there part-time. “Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoons
when the lake is low and the lagoons are separate," Harper said。 “All the lagoons join when the
lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die.” Otherwise, no fish are able to
survive in the naturally toxic lake。
This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once
again started mining the lake for soda ash， used for making chemicals， glass and detergents.

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2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）

Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away， drawing the soda ash in
through pipelines， conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding
grounds。 For now, though, life prevails – even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches。
46。 What can we learn about Lake Natron?
A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.
B) It remains little known to the outside world。
C)