2018年年12月大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套.doc

(完整版)2018年年12月大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套2017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套） 专业知识 整理分享Part IWriting（30 minutes）Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Help others，and you will be helped when you are in need” you can cite examples to illustrateyour views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)说明：由于 2017 年 12 月六级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套听力内容完全一致，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks。 You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices。 Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany hasjust stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030。 Thecountry is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95 by 2050， _26_ a shift togreen energy in the country. Effectively， the ban will include the registration of new cars in thecountry as they will not allow any gasoline _27_ vehicle to be registered after 2030.Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and _28_ is because energy officials seethat they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not _29_ a large portion ofvehicle emissions。 The country is still _30_ that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducingemissions by 40 by 2020， but the _31_ of electric cars in the country has not occurred asfast as expected.Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million632017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country。 By 2030， Germany plans onhaving over 6 million charging stations _32_. According to the International Business Times，electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissionsscandal.There are _33_ around 155，000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads，dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now。 As countries continue settinggoals of reducing emissions， greater steps need to be taken to have a _34_ effect on thesurrounding environment。 While the efforts are certainly not _35_, the results of such banswill likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.A) acceptanceB） currentlyC） disruptingD） eliminateE）exhaustF） futileG) hopefulH) implementedI）incidentallyJ） installedK） noticeableL） poweredM） restorationN） skepticalO） sparkingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。 Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived, You may choose a, paragraph more than once。 Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2。Apples Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Teach IndustryA) The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terroristssmartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry andthe United States government。B） After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in2013 that the government both cozied up to （讨好） certain tech companies and hacked into othersto gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the UnitedStates government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, itmay already be heading toward a predictable conclusion： In the long run， the tech companies aredestined to emerge victorious。642017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）C) It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side， you have the United Statesgovernments mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort：the secrets buried in a dead mass murderers phone. The action stems from a federal court orderissued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation （F.B。I) to unlock aniPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino， California, inDecember.D） In the other corner is the worlds most valuable company， whose chief executive， Timothy D.Cook， has said he will appeal the courts order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve aprinciple that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhoneso that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening alliPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.E） There will probably be months of legal tussling， and it is not at all clear which side will prevailin court， nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is asimple dynamic： Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in thisconfrontation。 They have our data， and their businesses depend on the global publics collectivebelief that they will do everything they can to protect that data。F) Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Appleis forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation， what is to preventit from doing so for a request from the Chinese or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write codethat lets the F。B。I。 get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the SanBernardino attack， who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke intoits other devices？G) Apples stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden， when the company started putting inplace a series of technologies that， by default, make use of encryption to limit access to peoplesdata。 More than that, Apple - and, in different ways， other tech companies, including Google,Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft have made their opposition to the governments claims a pointof corporate pride。H) Apples emerging global brand is privacy； it has staked its corporate reputation， not to mentionthe investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of masssurveillance that was uncovered by Mr。 Snowden。 So now, for many cases involving governmental652017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）intrusions into data, oncelonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the mostpowerful company in the world。I) “A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption,”said Kurt Opsahl， generalcounsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group。 “Then you had a fewcompanies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthyand impassioned post， like we saw yesterday from Tim Cook. The profile has really been raised。”J) Apple and other tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making theirdevices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apples public opposition to the governmentsrequest is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a singleiPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apples help to write new code; in earlierversions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on (热衷于 ) privacy，the F。B.I. may have been able to break into the device by itself。K） You can expect that noose （ 束 缚 ) to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or notApple loses this specific case， measures that it could put into place in the future will almostcertainly be able to further limit the governments reach。L) Thats not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant。 As Apple andseveral security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives theF。B。I。 access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The orderessentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place， the precedent could be usedto justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations farremoved from national security threats.M） Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones， the government could ask to use itproactively （ 先 发 制 人 地 ）, before a suspected terrorist attack leaving Apple in a bind as towhether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a publicrelations nightmare。 “This is a brandnewsalvo in the war against encryption，” Mr。 Opsahl said.“Weve had plenty of debates in Congressand the media over whether the government should have a backdoor， and this is an end run aroundthat here they come with an order to create that backdoor.”N） Yet its worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case， it has plenty of technicalmeans to close a backdoor over time。“If theyre anywhere near worth their salt as engineers， I bet662017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)theyre rethinking their threat model as we speak, said Jonathan Zdziarski， a digital forensicexpert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.O) One relatively simple fix, Mr。 Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions ofthe iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modifiedoperating system that the F.B.I. wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterallyintroduce a code that weakens the iPhone a user would have to consent to it.P） “Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof，” Mr. Zdziarski said， but he pointed out that the judgesorder in this case required Apple to provide “reasonable security assistance to unlock Mr.Farooks phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its ownengineers “reasonable assistance” will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by thegovernment， a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force。 In other words， even if theF.B。I。 wins this case， in the long run, it loses.36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers privatedata。37。 The US government believes that its access to peoples iPhones could be used to preventterrorist attacks.38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorists iPhone。39。 Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access topersonal data.40. Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data inmassive scale。41。 The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apples help。42. After the Snowden incident， Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion intopersonal data by means of encryption.43. According to one digital expert， no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.44. Timothy Cooks long web post has helped enhance Apples image。45. Apples CEO has decided to appeal the federal courts order to unlock a users iPhone.Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）， C) and D）。 You672017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestion 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.At the base of a mountain in Tanzanias Gregory Rift， Lake Natron burns bright red,surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water.Bats， swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed inthe deposits of sodium carbonate in the water。 The lakes landscape is bizarre and deadly andmade even more so by the fact that its the place where nearly 75percent of the worldsflamingos（火烈鸟) are born.The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals。 Flamingos，however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once everythree or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stopflight to breed。 Three quarters of the worlds flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the RiftValley and nest on salt- crystal islands that appear when the water is at specific level- too high andthe birds cant build their nests， too low and predators can more briskly across the lake bed andattack. When the water hits the right level， the baby birds are kept safe from predators by acorrosive ditch.“Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water,”says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. “ Humans cannot, and would die iftheir legs were exposed for any length of time。” So far this year, water levels have been too highfor the flamingos to nest。Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons (泻湖）form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron。 Three species of tilapia (罗非鱼 ) thrive there part-time. “Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoonswhen the lake is low and the lagoons are separate, Harper said。 “All the lagoons join when thelake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die.” Otherwise, no fish are able tosurvive in the naturally toxic lake。This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has onceagain started mining the lake for soda ash， used for making chemicals， glass and detergents.682017 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away， drawing the soda ash inthrough pipelines， conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breedinggrounds。 For now, though, life prevails even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches。46。 What can we learn about Lake Natron?A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.B) It remains little known to the outside world。C)