形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法.doc

3、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、 分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语 + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/) + 形/副词原级 +. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.现代的火车比轿车快多了 This book didnt cost me more than that one.这本书花费我的钱不比那本多 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)4、关于比较等级的重要注释：1、如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)3、“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了) Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢) -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)1、This is an_book.A. interestB. interesting C. interestedD. interestedly2、The teacher is_to come.A.the certain B.will C.certain D.still3、He has_ visited the school.A. alreadyB. yet C. still D. often4、He still works at the desk until_ every night.A. latestB. last C. lately D. late5、He was three hours later than_ .A. usually B. usual C. more usually D. more usual1.B.2.C.3.A.4.D.5.B.