动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词.doc

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动词一、五种基本形式：英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。 1、第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数构成规则例词一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成 eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等以e结尾的直接加-s write-writes, come-comes, close-closes等以s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词，后加-es Watch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes等以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-es study-studies, fly-flies等 2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法原形过去式和过去分词现在分词构成规则例词构成规则例词构成规则例词一般情况 turn 加-ed turned 加-ing turning 以-e结尾的 move,love 只加-d moved, loved 去掉e再加-ing moving, loving 以辅音字母加y结尾的 try,study 应将y改为i再加-ed tried studied 直接加-ing trying, studying 以元音字母加y结尾的 stay,play 直接加-ed stayed played 直接加-ing staying, playing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母 stop,plan 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stopped planned 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing stopping, planning 以r音节结尾的 Prefer,refer 双写末尾的r再加-ed preferred referred 双写末尾的r再加-ing preferring, referring 以ie结尾的 lie,die 加-d lied,died 将ie变加-ing lying, dying 3、常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译 am,is was been 是 are were been 是 bear bore born 忍受（熊） become became become 成为，变成 begin began begun 开始 break broke broken 打坏，打破 bring brought brought 带来 build built built 建筑，建设 buy bought bought 买 catch caught caught 揪住，抓住 can情态动词 could 能，会原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译 come came come 来 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 砍，切 do助动词 did done 做 does助动词 did done 做 drink drank drunk 喝 drive drove driven 驾驶，开车 eat ate eaten 吃 feel felt felt 感觉 find found found 发现，找到 fly flew flown 飞行，放飞 forget forgot forgot/forgotten 忘记 get got got/gotten 得到 give gave given 给予，给 go went gone 走，去 grow grew grown 成长，种植 have助动词 had had 有 has助动词 had had 有 hear heard heard 听见 know knew known 知道，了解 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 leave left left 离开，留下 lend lent lent 借给 let let let 让 lie lay lain 躺下 lose lost lost 丢失 make made made 制造，制作 meet met met 遇见 may情态动词 might 可以 must情态动词 must 必须 pay paid paid 付钱，赔偿 put put put 放 read read read 读 ride rode ridden 骑，乘 ring rang rung （钟、铃）响，鸣 run ran run 跑 say said said 说 see saw seen 看见 sell sold sold 卖 shall情态动词 should 将 sing sang sung 唱 sit sat sat 坐原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译 sleep slept slept 睡 smell smelt smelt 闻起来，嗅 speak spoke spoken 说 spell spelt spelt 拼读，拼写 spend spent spent 花费，度过 stand stood stood 站 sweep swept swept 打扫 swim swam swum 游泳 take took took 带去，花费，乘 teach taught taught 教 tell told told 告诉 think thought thought 想，思考 wear wore worn 穿戴 win won won 获胜，赢 write wrote written 写 will情态动词 would 将，愿，会 laugh laughed/’la:ft/ 笑 shout shouted 喊，叫 point pointed 指出，指向 like liked 喜欢 live lived 生活，居住（现场直播的） look looked 看 walk walked 步行 show showed 给…看，显露出，表明二、动词时态定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes等地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 2、一般过去时有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天），this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when引导的状语从句（过去），at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。 3、一般将来时常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。构成：will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。特殊情形： be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时：常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段等。构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形 4

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