1、动词 一、五种基本形式: 英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式,原形、现在式(用于第三人称单数)、过去式(用于过去时态)、过去分词(用于各种完成时态)和现在分词(用于各种进行时态)。 1、 第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数 构成规则 例词 一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成 eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等 以e结尾的直接加-s write-writes, come-comes, close-closes等 以s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词,后加-es Watch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes
2、等 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加-es study-studies, fly-flies等 2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法 原形 过去式和过去分词 现在分词 构成规则 例词 构成规则 例词 构成规则 例词 一般情况 turn 加-ed turned 加-ing turning 以-e结尾的 move,love 只加-d moved, loved 去掉e再加-ing moving, loving 以辅音字母加y结尾的 try,study 应将y改为i再加-ed tried studied
3、直接加-ing trying, studying 以元音字母加y结尾的 stay,play 直接加-ed stayed played 直接加-ing staying, playing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母 stop,plan 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stopped planned 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing stopping, planning 以r音节结尾的 Prefer,refer 双写末尾的r再加-ed preferred referred 双写末尾的r再加-ing preferring, referring 以i
4、e结尾的 lie,die 加-d lied,died 将ie变加-ing lying, dying 3、 常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语翻译 am,is was been 是 are were been 是 bear bore born 忍受(熊) become became become 成为,变成 begin began begun 开始 break broke broken 打坏,打破 bring brought brought 带来 build built buil
5、t 建筑,建设 buy bought bought 买 catch caught caught 揪住,抓住 can情态动词 could 能,会 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语翻译 come came come 来 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 砍,切 do助动词 did done 做 does助动词 did done 做 drink drank drunk 喝 drive drove driven 驾驶,开车 eat ate eaten 吃 feel felt
6、felt 感觉 find found found 发现,找到 fly flew flown 飞行,放飞 forget forgot forgot/forgotten 忘记 get got got/gotten 得到 give gave given 给予,给 go went gone 走,去 grow grew grown 成长,种植 have助动词 had had 有 has助动词 had had 有 hear heard heard 听见 know knew known 知道,了解 learn le
7、arned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 leave left left 离开,留下 lend lent lent 借给 let let let 让 lie lay lain 躺下 lose lost lost 丢失 make made made 制造,制作 meet met met 遇见 may情态动词 might 可以 must情态动词 must 必须 pay paid paid 付钱,赔偿 put put put 放 read read read 读 ride
8、rode ridden 骑,乘 ring rang rung (钟、铃)响,鸣 run ran run 跑 say said said 说 see saw seen 看见 sell sold sold 卖 shall情态动词 should 将 sing sang sung 唱 sit sat sat 坐 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语翻译 sleep slept slept 睡 smell smelt smelt 闻起来,嗅 speak spoke spoken 说 spell spelt
9、 spelt 拼读,拼写 spend spent spent 花费,度过 stand stood stood 站 sweep swept swept 打扫 swim swam swum 游泳 take took took 带去,花费,乘 teach taught taught 教 tell told told 告诉 think thought thought 想,思考 wear wore worn 穿戴 win won won 获胜,赢 write wrote written 写 will情态动词 w
10、ould 将,愿,会 laugh laughed/’la:ft/ 笑 shout shouted 喊,叫 point pointed 指出,指向 like liked 喜欢 live lived 生活,居住(现场直播的) look looked 看 walk walked 步行 show showed 给…看,显露出,表明 二、动词时态 定义:时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 四类:一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每
11、一类时态都对应四种时间:过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时 常见频度副词有:always(总是,一直),often, usually, never, sometimes等 地球围绕着太阳转:The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。 公交车来了:Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。 2、一般过去时 有确定的时间状语,如:yesterday,
12、two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday(前天),this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段,when引导的状语从句(过去),at+过去时间点,in+过去的年份等。 3、一般将来时 常用时间副词:tomorrow, soon,(today, tonight)时间状语短语:next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。 构成:will/shal
13、l+动词原形,be going to+动词原形,表示打算和预测。 特殊情形: be to+动词原形,表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如:She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。 用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形,表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时 常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语,主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时: 常见时间状语:always, yet, just, ever, before,these days, recently, in the past/few时间段,since+时间点,for+时间段 等。 构成:have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形 4






