牛津沪教版英语八年级上完形填空专题讲义.doc

牛津沪教版英语八年级上完形填空专题讲义

八年级上完形填空练习
一、完型填空的解题总则
文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。
记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。
填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计，
词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑，
字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识，
相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆，
复读反思再核实。
★完型填空SECTION 解题原则
▲完形填空如何入手？
1.做题前先花30-45秒预览文章，大致了解文章的体裁（记叙、议论或者……）、文章内容、几个段落、是否有小标题和项目符号（这个往往是该段的主题句）。
2.做题时，首句和小标题重点读，充分体会文章论证结构，灵活使用技巧（例子与例子的关系，例子与中心句的关系，平行关系等），注意逻辑对应，指代清晰。
★特别提醒，绝对避免见空填空，（即看到一个空格，直接看选项进行选择），这样很危险，失误率会大大增加。再次强调，完形填空强调单词、短语在语境（句子层面，段落层面，篇章层面）的应用。请填第一格词，务必读到第二格，很多时候两格之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索。依次类推，填第二格请务必读到第三格。
如第一格在第二段，也请认真读完第一段，切莫跳过，因为前文可能在给全文或者该段足够的背景叙述。同理，如最后一格后还有句子或者段落，请务必读完。
3.完成题后，请重读该文1-2遍，确保单词在该句语法，语义，语境都合适。
▲非常强调逻辑对应：
1．首句必重点读
首句很多情况是Topic sentence (主题句)，告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。
EG1：（11长宁）These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.
A. hard                             B. unusual                        C. common                 D. dangerous
如果学生分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项Ｃ为正确答案，A、B 、D 都为否定意见，故不选。
EG2：(13长宁) If you have no mobile phone, no computer, and no Internet with you, what will you do with your free time? Will you go ____80____?
A. enjoyable              B. interesting          C. crazy       D. busy
2．例子之间关系
例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。　
（12虹口）In most menageries, animals were kept in small dirty cages. However, in modern zoos, animals are kept in habitats(栖息地) that look like    81    areas.
81. A) native                            B) narrow                      C) natural                       D) national
3．最佳适用原则
举个这例子，如果这样出题。这位男士很______，每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下A good  B nice  C gentle  D handsome  你会如何选？很多学生会选good, 觉得good是万能词，但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而C gentle 很绅士是最佳答案。
（12虹口）People who    85    animal rights don’t like the display of animals in zoos. But other people feel that zoos care for and protect the animals. They feel that this is why many exotic species are still alive today.
85. A) play a trick on             B) get tired of                C) pay attention to       D) go on with
4．场景匹配原则
 (2011长宁一模)Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family’s ________ to stop a robbery.
A．radio  B．computer  C．recorder  D．telephone
后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择A C D显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话，虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。
5. 平行并列原则
完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写：with an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude , you can be healthy.  如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude .

二、完型填空的解题方法：
方法１．充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。
例１．The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. ２１springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert.
21．A．Using B．Holding C．Owning D．Finding
22．A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild
例２．The 33 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below.
33．A．correct B．further C．average 　D．early
34．A．clouds B．sky C．air D．above
例３．In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_. She wanted to be _45_ and work full time.
　 rmation　B.help　C.a job　 D.an assistant
　 45.A.happy B.independent C.free　D.confident
方法2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
例１. He’d　 36　 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living,　 37　 had his father and grandfather before him.
36．A. cost 　B. spent 　C. take 　D. paid　
37．A. like 　B. as if　　 C. so　　 D. nor
例２. I called my beer Samuel Adams,　 51　 the brewer and patriot（爱国者）who helped to start the Boston Tea party.
51　A. for 　　B. at 　　C. in 　　　　D. after
例３．He didn’t hear the bell for he was completely 　in reading the newspaper.
A. interested B centered C addicted D absorbed
方法3. 注意同义词的辨义
例1. Her face was familiar to me, but I could not 8. r_______ where and how I had seen her. （remember）
例2. All at once I 10. r_______ where I had seen her. (realized)
例3. Then I explained that I had 13. r________ her from the photo I found in the purse. (recognized)
方法４.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词
1) And video cameras can be used to ______ people's actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
2) The watch, which Mrs Smith had ______ on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared.
A. seen B. dropped C. found D. laid
3) When the papers were ______ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.
A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered
方法5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项
例1.The explorers found that the island had good soil 37 the 200 natives living there survived with little food.
37. A. and B. but C. however D. still
例2.Her father had　 36　 her two things. One was not to pull her out of the water　 37　 she asked.
36．A. given B. refused C. allowed D. promised　　
37．A. as B. unless C. even if D. when
例3. So, at 24 I decided to drop out.　 42　 , my parents didn’t think this was a great idea.
42．A. Fortunately B. Obviously C. Possibly D. Properly
方法6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项
例1.in 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor(宿舍监管员). Shirley supervised young women who _47_ in the university during the school year.
47. A. worked B. studied C. lived D. played

方法7 . 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项
例１．Life is very　 55　 , so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan.
55．A. hard 　　B. busy 　　　C. short　　　 D. long
例2．This is 39 the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble.
39．A．why B．for C．how D．because
40．A．desire B．inspire C．influence D．attitude
完型填空专项练习
1
If you have no mobile phone, no computer, and no Internet with you, what will you do with your free time? Will you go ____80____?
Harley, a 15-year-old girl from California, US stayed calm. She did something different. Her mobile phone didn’t work one day, so she decided to try and live ____81____ it. She took a six-week summer travel with some friends.
Harley and ten other teenagers rode their bikes 3,000 miles across the States. With two college students as guides, they started from a beach in Georgia on June 23. They travelled through small towns in the south, they ____82____ in the mountains.
It’s not easy to find a comfortable place to sleep. “It was too hot in the south, and super wet, too.” Harley said. And mosquitoes (蚊子) were around them ____83____ when sleeping outside.
Although there were ____84____, no one left the team. “Everyone was hard-working and did everything for the group,” Harley said. “We learned how to live with other people and look after each other.”
From these things, they not only ____85____ themselves, but also opened their eyes. “Southern people are really nice,” Harley said. “Small communities were just that. It’s a nice change of what most of us are used to. It’s how the rest of the country lives. It’s a whole new world.”
80. A. enjoyable B. interesting C. crazy D. busy
81. A. with B. without C. on D. for
82. A. set a fire B. watched TV C. had a picnic D. made camps
83. A. all the time B. for the time being
C. from time to time D. in a short time
84. A. happiness B. goodness C. worries D. difficulties
85 A. trained B. taught C. learned D. practiced
80. C 81. B 82. D 83. A 84. D 85.A
2
At the beginning of the twentieth century, traffic in big cities such as New York and London became very busy. Carriages, horses, and bikes rushed in every direction (方向), and then they were
80 by the newest toy of the rich people, the “automobiles (汽车).” In those days, crossing a street used to be a real challenge for people walking. There were no 81 for drivers. The New York Police Department had to create a special group of policemen to control traffic. Police officers stood at crossroads and tried to direct the traffic, but very often they were run over by vehicles (车辆). By 1912, New York City had 38,000 motor vehicles. 82 had to be done about all the traffic on the streets!
In 1916, the first traffic tower was 83 in New York, at the crossroads of Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street. A traffic officer controlled three 500-watt lamps. They were 40 centimeters in diameter, and they were red, yellow, and green. However, at the time, red 84 traffic in all directions had to stop, yellow stopped only east-west traffic, and green stopped only north-south traffic. This was very confusing, so in 1924 the city adopted (采用) the system used in railroads: red for stop, green for go, and yellow for slow. This system became standard all over the world.
The first automatic traffic lights came into use in Wolverhampton, England, in 1927. Today computers control traffic lights, and road conditions are much better than they used to be. The only
85 is when there is a power cut. The result is often confusion on the streets because the traffic lights don’t work.
80. A) joined B) seen C) played D) built
81. A) roads B) rules C) jobs D) seats
82. A) Nothing B) Everything C) Anything D) Something
83. A) put off B) put out C) put up D) put on
84. A) stopped B) controlled C) made D) meant
85. A) chance B) problem C) answer D) advantage
80A 81B 82D 83C 84D 85B
3
Ever since Jonathan had set up the house in Compton Street, he had looked after it very carefully. Before he left the house in the morning, he carefully closed all the doors downstairs, opened some windows to let the air in and locked the front gate. ___80____ Jonathan did was tidy and orderly.
One summer evening Jonathan returned home ___81___ at five minutes to seven exactly. When he opened the front gate, he immediately noticed something strange. There was a heavy footprint in the soil in one of the flower beds. Jonathan was just going to blame(责怪) the milkman or the postman when he noticed that one of the curtains in the front room downstairs was not in its usual place. That was too strange! Jonathan ____82____left anything out of place.
He walked up to the front door and opened it quietly. He listened carefully for a few minutes, but he could hear nothing. The front room door was half open. Jonathan thought about it carefully, ___83___ if he had forgotten to close it that morning. He had never forgotten before. He looked inside the room. The shadow(影子) of a man was clearly reflected on (映在) the far wall in the evening sunlight. He had been standing ___84____ the door since Jonathan’s return. Jonathan shut the door quickly and turned the key. Then he picked up the telephone in the hall and called the police.
The thief tried to climb through a window to get out, but Jonathan had expected that. He ____85____ him with his umbrella, holding it as a sword(剑). Three minutes later the police arrived there. Jonathan was a little angry that he had to have dinner later than usual, but on the whole he felt quite pleased with himself.
80. A) Nothing B) Something C) Anything D) Everything
81. A) as usual B) all the time C) right away D) as soon as
82. A) always B) never C) often D) seldom
83. A) knowing B) guessing C) wondering D) surprising
84. A) at B) in front of C) beside D) behind
85. A) caught B) attracted C) attacked D) pulled
80.D 81A 82.B 83.C 84.D 85.C
4
This is a true story which happened in England. An old man, who had no children, felt ___80___ and decided to live in the Senior Center（养老院）when he turned ___81___. After he announced that he would sell his luxurious（豪华）house, hundreds of people who wanted to buy it came to him. At first, the old man considered accepting someone who might ____82____80,000 pounds for the house, but soon the price rose to 100,000 pounds and still went higher. ___83___, the old man looked sad and unhappy. Actually, if he was well, he would not sell the house, which had accompanied him for more than half of his life.
One day, a young man visited the old man. He bent down a little and said ____84___ , “Grandpa, I also want to own this house, but I only have 10,000 pounds. Yet if you sell it to me, I ___85___ you can still live here and be happy with me. We will drink tea, read newspapers, and take a walk every day together. Please believe in me, and I’ll try my best to take good care of you. The old man smiled and nodded. He sold the house to the young man at a price of 10,000 pounds.
Sometimes, what really counts (有价值，重要）is love for others.
( )80. A) relaxed B) worried C) proud D) lonely
( )81. A) richer and richer B) sadder and sadder
C) weaker and weaker D) more and more disappointed
( )82. A) offer B) order C) buy D) reuse
( )83. A) However B) What’s more C) After all D) By the way
( )84. A) carefully B) quietly C) honestly D) happily
( )85. A) predict B) promise C) require D) warn
80. D 81. C 82. A 83. A 84. C 85. B
5
For many people, having your own business sounds like the perfect job. You can do work that you love. You can set your own timetable, and wear jeans to work. You never have to 80 a boss, and you make all decisions yourself. You can even raise your salary any time you want.
But the reality is different. “Having your own business can be 81 ,” says David Paik. After working for an advertising agency for six years, he started a website design business at home. His income in the first two months was $0. 82 , he got a big project creating a website for a magazine. Then he had a new problem: his timetable. “I was working twelve hours a day, seven days a week, because I didn’t have employees to help me.” Today, Paik Web Design is successful, but David says, “I really wasn’t prepared to be a business owner. I didn’t 83 the difficulty.”
With no boss, it’s easy to take too much time off—and get too little work done. With no workmates, you might feel bored or 84 . You have to pay for your own holidays. If you make a bad business decision, you could lose all the money. For all of these reasons, more than half of all new businesses fail within one year.
Another problem is balancing work with personal life. As a business owner, you can’t just stop at 5 p.m. and forget about your work until tomorrow. “Even when I’m watching TV in the evening, I’m always thi nking about my 85 and proje