1、PompeiiRobert SilverbergR einforcementT ext AnalysisPompeiiB ackgroundW arming upUnit 10Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWarming upUnit 10PompeiiWarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesWhydoestheauthorcallPompeiiastrangecity?Whathappenedtothecity?Whatwasthecitylikebeforeitwasdestroyed?Whataresomeot
2、hernaturaldisastersinworldhistorythatyouhavelearnedabout?Check-on PreviewMatchthewordswiththeircorrectmeaninginthetext.1.hurl2.graze3.cram4.intact5.mighty6.shattera.verystrongorpowerfulb.tosuddenlybreakintosmallpiecesc.tothrowviolentlyinaparticulardirectione.toeatgrassgrowinginafieldf.topushsb./plet
3、eandnotdamagedWarmingupObjectivesUnderstandthestructureandthegeneralideaofthetextKnowsomethingaboutthehistoryofPompeiiandwhathappenedinAD79BeabletousespecificverbstodescribethingsBeabletocreateadominantimpressionbyusingwordsaboutfivesensesKnowsomethingaboutnaturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptions,earth
4、quakes,tornadoetc.WarmingupBackgroundCulture TipsAuthorPompeiiUnit 10BackgroundAuthorRobert Silverberg(bornJanuary15,1935)isanAmericanauthor,bestknownforwritingsciencefiction.In1956hegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversity,havingmajoredinComparativeLiterature.His LifeCulture TipsNaplesisthecapitalofCampania
5、andthethird-largestcityinItaly,afterRomeandMilan.Ithasapopulationofnearlyonemillionwithinitsadministrativelimitsonalandareaof117.3km2(45sqmi).TheurbanareaofNaplesextendsbeyondtheadministrativecitylimits,withapopulationofabovethreemillion.BackgroundThecityofPompeiiisapartiallyburiedRomantown-citynear
6、modernNaples.Pompeiiwaspartiallydestroyedandburiedunder4to6m(13to20ft)ofashandpumiceintheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79,anditwaslostfornearly1700yearsbeforeitsaccidentalrediscoveryin1749.Sincethen,itsexcavationhasprovidedanextraordinarilydetailedinsightintothelifeofacityduringthePaxRomana.Today,thisU
7、NESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsofItaly,withapproximately2,500,000visitorseveryyear.Culture TipsBackgroundPompeiitheLastDayAmultidisciplinarystudyoftheeruptionproductsandvictimsindicatesthatatVesuviusandsurroundingtowns,heatwasthemaincauseofdeathofpeople,previouslybeliev
8、edtohavediedfromashsuffocation.Theresultsofthestudy,publishedin2010,showthatexposuretoatleast250Chotsurgesatadistanceof10kilometersfromtheventwassufficienttocauseinstantdeath,evenifpeoplewereshelteredwithinbuildings.Culture TipsBackgroundMountVesuviusMountVesuviusisbestknownforitseruptioninAD79thatl
9、edtotheburyinganddestructionoftheRomancitiesofPompeiiandHerculaneum.Theywereneverrebuilt,althoughsurvivingtownspeopleandprobablylootersdidundertakeextensivesalvageworkafterthedestructions.Thetownslocationswereeventuallyforgottenuntiltheiraccidentalrediscoveryinthe18thcentury.Pompeii,withVesuviustowe
10、ringaboveCulture TipsBackgroundVesuviusfromplaneCulture TipsInsidethecraterofVesuviusBackgroundJupiteristhekingofthegodsandthegodofskyandthunder.JupiterwasthechiefdeityofRomanstatereligionthroughouttheRepublicanandImperialeras,untiltheEmpirecameunderChristianrule.Jupiteristhoughttohaveoriginatedasas
11、kygod.Hisidentifyingimplementisthethunderbolt,andhisprimarysacredanimalistheeagle,whichheldprecedenceoverotherbirdsinthetakingofauspicesandbecameoneofthemostcommonsymbolsoftheRomanarmy.Culture TipsBackgroundApolloisoneofthemostimportantandcomplexOlympiandeitiesinancientGreekandRomanreligion,Greekand
12、Romanmythology.ApollohasbeenvariouslyrecognizedasagodoflightandtheSun,truthandprophecy,healing,plague,music,poetry,andmore.ApolloisthesonofZeusandLeto,andhasatwinsister,thechastehuntressArtemis.Culture TipsBackgroundIsisisagoddessinAncientEgyptianreligiousbeliefs.Shewasworshippedastheidealmotherandw
13、ifeaswellasthepatronofnatureandmagic.Shewasthefriendofslaves,sinners,artisans,andthedowntrodden,andshelistenedtotheprayersofthewealthy,maidens,aristocrats,andrulers.Isisisalsoknownasprotectorofthedeadandgoddessofchildren.ThenameIsismeansThrone.Herheaddressisathrone.Asthepersonificationofthethrone,sh
14、ewasanimportantrepresentationofthepharaohspower.Thepharaohwasdepictedasherchild,whosatonthethronesheprovided.Culture TipsBackgroundDetailedAnalysisStructureText AnalysisPompeiiUnit 10TextAnalysisStructurePart I:Para.1-7A brief account of Pompeii before and after August 24,AD79.Part II:Para.8-9A deta
15、iled description of what happened on the day of the eruption.Whatwasthecitylikebeforetheeruption?WhatwerepeopleinPompeiidoingbeforetheeruption?Ifthecityhadnotbeendestroyedbythevolcaniceruption,whatwoulditbeliketoday?PartI:MainIdeaTextAnalysisDetailed AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Word
16、s&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesWordserupt;strike;perish;shroud;intact;clatter;shimmerPhrasesnoother;comedown;hidefrom;breakthrough;beinplace;cometolife;beinport;clearawaySentencePatterntheday+thatclause;todoistodo.;isalloneneedstodo.Grammarinversionstrike(para.4)tocauseapersonorplacetosufferseverelyfromth
17、eeffectsofsomethingveryunpleasantthathappenssuddenlye.g.1.Ivegotalifeinsurancepolicythatwilllookaftermyfamilyifdisasterstrikes.2.Thediseasehasstruckthewholecommunity,sometimeswipingoutwholefamilies.3.Theypredictthatalargeearthquakewillstriketheeastcoastbeforetheendofthedecade.Detailed AnalysisTextAn
18、alysisperish(para.4)todie,especiallyinanaccidentorbybeingkilled,ortobedestroyede.g.1.Threehundredpeopleperishedintheearthquake.2.HebelievesthatEuropemustcreateclosertiesoritwillperish.3.Publishorperishisaphrasecoinedtodescribethepressureinacademiatorapidlyandcontinuouslypublishacademicworktosustaino
19、rfurtheronescareer.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisarainofsth.(para.4)arainofsth.:alargenumberofthingsthatfallfromtheskyatthesametime.e.g.A rain of abuse has been heaped upon him.他遭到好一顿咒骂。这类用法属于暗喻(metaphor),相似例子如下:A storm of applause rose from the audience.观众一 阵喝彩。The charges touched off a storm of pro
20、test.那些指控激起了猛烈的抗议。Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisshroud(para.5)alayerofsomethingwhichcoversorsurroundssomethinge.g.1.Everythingwascoveredinathickshroudofdust.2.Thetruthabouttheaccidentremainshiddenbeneathashroudofsecrecy.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisshimmer(para.6)toshineinsuchawaythatthelightseemstos
21、hakeslightlyandquicklye.g.1.Shecouldseeherreflectioninthewater,shimmeringinthemoonlight.Compareshimmerwithotherverbslikesparkle,twinkleandglisten.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisrestoresth.tosth.(para.7)1.Thestolengoodswereallrestoredtotheirowners.被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。2.Thehousehasbeenrestoredtoitsoriginalspl
22、endor.这座房子已经恢复了当初的光彩。3.Thecitywasfinallyrestoredtotranquility.这座城市最后终于恢复了平静。4.Afteryearsofneglecting,thepalacehasbeenrestoredtoitsformerglory.经过若干年的沉寂,这座宫殿恢复了以往的壮丽。Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisBeneaththeprotectingshroudofash,thecitylayintact.(para5.)Paragraphing:Thecityremainedasithadbeenbeforetheer
23、uption.Ithadbeenprotectedbythethicklayerofashthatburiedthecitydeep.Detailed AnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphraseTextAnalysisAgoodimaginationisallyouneedtorestoreittoactivity.(para.7)Paraphrasing:Ifyouhaveagoodimaginationyouwillbeabletoimaginewhatwasgoingon thesights,sounds,smellsandactivitiesofabusy,pro
24、sperousRomantown.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphrase1.我的学校里没有别的美国人了。TherearenootherAmericansinmyschool.2.他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。TheyverecentlycomedownfromLondontoliveinthevillage.3.你是不是有什么事要瞒着我?Areyoutryingtohidesomethingfromme?TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Detailed AnalysisPa
25、rtI:ExercisesTextAnalysis4.不久,绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。Soon,tinygreenshootswillbreakthroughthesoilssurface.5.书都放得整整齐齐,井井有条。Thebookswereallneatlyinplace,carefullyarranged.6.一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册,童年记忆重回眼前。Ayounggirlschildhoodmemoriescometolifeasshethumbsthroughherfamilyphotographalbum.7.我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。Ourjobistoclearawaythe
26、rubbish.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartII:MainIdeaWhatdidpeopledoaftereruption?Whatcausedthegreatestlossoflife?Didanyonesurvivethevolcaniceruption?Howdidtheymanagetodoit?WhatwouldyoudoifyouhadbeenthereinPompeii?TextAnalysisDetailed AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Words&ExpressionsWor
27、dsPhrasesWordsvine-covered;summit;reverberate;pumice;overwhelm;clusterPhrasesbreakloose;blowup;branchout;dieaway;goby;beathand;makeonesway;beinstore;loseconsciousness;showerofstonesSentencePatternGrammarpastparticipleasattributivesummit(para.9)otherpopularusagesofsummit:1.animportantformalmeetingbet
28、weenleadersofgovernmentsfromtwoormorecountriesasummitmeetingWorldleaderswillmeetnextweekfortheirannualeconomicsummit.2.thehighest,mostsuccessfulormostimportantpointinsomethingIcertainlyhaventreachedthesummitofmycareer.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisreverberate(para.13)LITERARYIfalouddeepsoundreverbera
29、tes,itcontinuestobeheardaroundanarea,sothattheareaseemstoshakeThenarrowstreetreverberatedwith/to thesoundoftheworkmensdrills.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisoverwhelm(para.18)1.Thevillagewasoverwhelmedbyashfromthevolcano.村子被火山灰覆盖。2.Whenhesawthedressmakersdaughter,hewasoverwhelmedbyherbeauty.当他见到了裁缝师的女儿
30、,马上为她的美貌倾倒。3.Iwasoverwhelmedbythesightofthetomb.我为这陵墓的景象所慑服。4.Ifonewasoverwhelmedbypassion,itcouldleadtoseriousblunders.当人的感情完全淹没理智时,就可能铸成大错。Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysiscluster(para.19)agroupofsimilarthingsthatareclosetogether,sometimessurroundingsomethinge.g.1.Havealookattheclusterofgalaxiesinthis
31、photograph.2.Therewasaclusteroffansaroundhim,askingforautographs.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisThesoundoftheexplosiondiedaway,butitstillreverberatedineveryonesears.(para.13)Paragraphing:Evenwhentheloudsoundstopped,peopledidnotrecoverfromtheshock.Detailed AnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseTextAnalysisA
32、nhourwentbyanddarknessstillshroudedeverything.(para.14)Paragraphing:Anhourpassed,thingsdidnotimproveanddarknesscoveredeverything.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseRushingthrongs,blindedbythedarknessandthesmoke,rusheduponestreetanddownthenext,tramplingthefalleninacrazyfruitlessdas
33、htowardsafety.(para.17)Paragraphing:Peoplepanicked.Theyrushedintothestreetstoescapethefallingbuildings.Itwasdarkandtheairwasfullofsmokesotheycouldnotseewheretheyaregoing.Theyrusheduponestreetanddownthenextinahopelessattempttoreachsafety.Intheirblindrushtheyranoverthebodiesofpeoplewhohadfallendown.De
34、tailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。Amightyforcewasabouttobreakloose.2.他只得把火吹旺使它烧起来。Hehadtoblowupthefiretomakeitburn.3.公司的业务从汽车零售扩大到汽车出租。Fromcarretailthecompanybranchoutintocarleasing.4.台风过后,风渐渐平息了。Thewindsdiedawayafterthetyph
35、oonhadpassed.5.胜利即将到来。Victoryisathand.Detailed AnalysisPartII:ExercisesTextAnalysis6.随着时光流逝,多少人来了又走,留下无尽故事。Astimegoesby,numerouspeoplecomeandgo,withcountlessstorieslefthere.7.我们设法从购物的人潮中挤过去。Wetriedtomakeourwaythroughthecrowdsofshoppers.8.一场新的灾难即将向庞培袭来。AnewtroublewasinstoreforPompeii.9.虽然我没有失去知觉,但那剧烈
36、的疼痛确实难忍。ThoughIdidnotlosemyconsciousness,thesharppainwasreallykillingme.Detailed AnalysisPartII:ExercisesTextAnalysisReinforcementRetellingRetellingDiscussionDiscussionPompeiiUnit 10RetellingSupposeyousurvivedthevolcaniceruption,retellhowyoumanagedtoescapetoyourpartner.SupposeyouareavisitorinPompeii
37、,retellwhatyouhaveseentoyourpartner.Inbothretellings,pleaseuseasmanyspecificwordsasyoucantomakeyouraccountvivid.ReinforcementWhat makes ruins likePompeiiwell-known?Ruinsofquake-hitSichuannow become new touristhotspots.Is it suitable todevelop“disastertourism”?Whatinsightsaboutlifedotouristexpecttogain?ReinforcementDiscussion