现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit10.ppt

PompeiiRobert SilverbergR einforcementT ext AnalysisPompeiiB ackgroundW arming upUnit 10Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWarming upUnit 10PompeiiWarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesWhydoestheauthorcallPompeiiastrangecity?Whathappenedtothecity?Whatwasthecitylikebeforeitwasdestroyed?Whataresomeothernaturaldisastersinworldhistorythatyouhavelearnedabout?Check-on PreviewMatchthewordswiththeircorrectmeaninginthetext.1.hurl2.graze3.cram4.intact5.mighty6.shattera.verystrongorpowerfulb.tosuddenlybreakintosmallpiecesc.tothrowviolentlyinaparticulardirectione.toeatgrassgrowinginafieldf.topushsb./pleteandnotdamagedWarmingupObjectivesUnderstandthestructureandthegeneralideaofthetextKnowsomethingaboutthehistoryofPompeiiandwhathappenedinAD79BeabletousespecificverbstodescribethingsBeabletocreateadominantimpressionbyusingwordsaboutfivesensesKnowsomethingaboutnaturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptions,earthquakes,tornadoetc.WarmingupBackgroundCulture TipsAuthorPompeiiUnit 10BackgroundAuthorRobert Silverberg(bornJanuary15,1935)isanAmericanauthor,bestknownforwritingsciencefiction.In1956hegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversity,havingmajoredinComparativeLiterature.His LifeCulture TipsNaplesisthecapitalofCampaniaandthethird-largestcityinItaly,afterRomeandMilan.Ithasapopulationofnearlyonemillionwithinitsadministrativelimitsonalandareaof117.3km2(45sqmi).TheurbanareaofNaplesextendsbeyondtheadministrativecitylimits,withapopulationofabovethreemillion.BackgroundThecityofPompeiiisapartiallyburiedRomantown-citynearmodernNaples.Pompeiiwaspartiallydestroyedandburiedunder4to6m(13to20ft)ofashandpumiceintheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79,anditwaslostfornearly1700yearsbeforeitsaccidentalrediscoveryin1749.Sincethen,itsexcavationhasprovidedanextraordinarilydetailedinsightintothelifeofacityduringthePaxRomana.Today,thisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsofItaly,withapproximately2,500,000visitorseveryyear.Culture TipsBackgroundPompeiitheLastDayAmultidisciplinarystudyoftheeruptionproductsandvictimsindicatesthatatVesuviusandsurroundingtowns,heatwasthemaincauseofdeathofpeople,previouslybelievedtohavediedfromashsuffocation.Theresultsofthestudy,publishedin2010,showthatexposuretoatleast250Chotsurgesatadistanceof10kilometersfromtheventwassufficienttocauseinstantdeath,evenifpeoplewereshelteredwithinbuildings.Culture TipsBackgroundMountVesuviusMountVesuviusisbestknownforitseruptioninAD79thatledtotheburyinganddestructionoftheRomancitiesofPompeiiandHerculaneum.Theywereneverrebuilt,althoughsurvivingtownspeopleandprobablylootersdidundertakeextensivesalvageworkafterthedestructions.Thetownslocationswereeventuallyforgottenuntiltheiraccidentalrediscoveryinthe18thcentury.Pompeii,withVesuviustoweringaboveCulture TipsBackgroundVesuviusfromplaneCulture TipsInsidethecraterofVesuviusBackgroundJupiteristhekingofthegodsandthegodofskyandthunder.JupiterwasthechiefdeityofRomanstatereligionthroughouttheRepublicanandImperialeras,untiltheEmpirecameunderChristianrule.Jupiteristhoughttohaveoriginatedasaskygod.Hisidentifyingimplementisthethunderbolt,andhisprimarysacredanimalistheeagle,whichheldprecedenceoverotherbirdsinthetakingofauspicesandbecameoneofthemostcommonsymbolsoftheRomanarmy.Culture TipsBackgroundApolloisoneofthemostimportantandcomplexOlympiandeitiesinancientGreekandRomanreligion,GreekandRomanmythology.ApollohasbeenvariouslyrecognizedasagodoflightandtheSun,truthandprophecy,healing,plague,music,poetry,andmore.ApolloisthesonofZeusandLeto,andhasatwinsister,thechastehuntressArtemis.Culture TipsBackgroundIsisisagoddessinAncientEgyptianreligiousbeliefs.Shewasworshippedastheidealmotherandwifeaswellasthepatronofnatureandmagic.Shewasthefriendofslaves,sinners,artisans,andthedowntrodden,andshelistenedtotheprayersofthewealthy,maidens,aristocrats,andrulers.Isisisalsoknownasprotectorofthedeadandgoddessofchildren.ThenameIsismeansThrone.Herheaddressisathrone.Asthepersonificationofthethrone,shewasanimportantrepresentationofthepharaohspower.Thepharaohwasdepictedasherchild,whosatonthethronesheprovided.Culture TipsBackgroundDetailedAnalysisStructureText AnalysisPompeiiUnit 10TextAnalysisStructurePart I:Para.1-7A brief account of Pompeii before and after August 24,AD79.Part II:Para.8-9A detailed description of what happened on the day of the eruption.Whatwasthecitylikebeforetheeruption?WhatwerepeopleinPompeiidoingbeforetheeruption?Ifthecityhadnotbeendestroyedbythevolcaniceruption,whatwoulditbeliketoday?PartI:MainIdeaTextAnalysisDetailed AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesWordserupt;strike;perish;shroud;intact;clatter;shimmerPhrasesnoother;comedown;hidefrom;breakthrough;beinplace;cometolife;beinport;clearawaySentencePatterntheday+thatclause;todoistodo.;isalloneneedstodo.Grammarinversionstrike(para.4)tocauseapersonorplacetosufferseverelyfromtheeffectsofsomethingveryunpleasantthathappenssuddenlye.g.1.Ivegotalifeinsurancepolicythatwilllookaftermyfamilyifdisasterstrikes.2.Thediseasehasstruckthewholecommunity,sometimeswipingoutwholefamilies.3.Theypredictthatalargeearthquakewillstriketheeastcoastbeforetheendofthedecade.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisperish(para.4)todie,especiallyinanaccidentorbybeingkilled,ortobedestroyede.g.1.Threehundredpeopleperishedintheearthquake.2.HebelievesthatEuropemustcreateclosertiesoritwillperish.3.Publishorperishisaphrasecoinedtodescribethepressureinacademiatorapidlyandcontinuouslypublishacademicworktosustainorfurtheronescareer.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisarainofsth.(para.4)arainofsth.:alargenumberofthingsthatfallfromtheskyatthesametime.e.g.A rain of abuse has been heaped upon him.他遭到好一顿咒骂。这类用法属于暗喻（metaphor），相似例子如下：A storm of applause rose from the audience.观众一 阵喝彩。The charges touched off a storm of protest.那些指控激起了猛烈的抗议。Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisshroud(para.5)alayerofsomethingwhichcoversorsurroundssomethinge.g.1.Everythingwascoveredinathickshroudofdust.2.Thetruthabouttheaccidentremainshiddenbeneathashroudofsecrecy.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisshimmer(para.6)toshineinsuchawaythatthelightseemstoshakeslightlyandquicklye.g.1.Shecouldseeherreflectioninthewater,shimmeringinthemoonlight.Compareshimmerwithotherverbslikesparkle,twinkleandglisten.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisrestoresth.tosth.(para.7)1.Thestolengoodswereallrestoredtotheirowners.被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。2.Thehousehasbeenrestoredtoitsoriginalsplendor.这座房子已经恢复了当初的光彩。3.Thecitywasfinallyrestoredtotranquility.这座城市最后终于恢复了平静。4.Afteryearsofneglecting,thepalacehasbeenrestoredtoitsformerglory.经过若干年的沉寂，这座宫殿恢复了以往的壮丽。Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisBeneaththeprotectingshroudofash,thecitylayintact.(para5.)Paragraphing:Thecityremainedasithadbeenbeforetheeruption.Ithadbeenprotectedbythethicklayerofashthatburiedthecitydeep.Detailed AnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphraseTextAnalysisAgoodimaginationisallyouneedtorestoreittoactivity.(para.7)Paraphrasing:Ifyouhaveagoodimaginationyouwillbeabletoimaginewhatwasgoingon thesights,sounds,smellsandactivitiesofabusy,prosperousRomantown.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphrase1.我的学校里没有别的美国人了。TherearenootherAmericansinmyschool.2.他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。TheyverecentlycomedownfromLondontoliveinthevillage.3.你是不是有什么事要瞒着我？Areyoutryingtohidesomethingfromme?TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Detailed AnalysisPartI:ExercisesTextAnalysis4.不久，绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。Soon,tinygreenshootswillbreakthroughthesoilssurface.5.书都放得整整齐齐，井井有条。Thebookswereallneatlyinplace,carefullyarranged.6.一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册，童年记忆重回眼前。Ayounggirlschildhoodmemoriescometolifeasshethumbsthroughherfamilyphotographalbum.7.我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。Ourjobistoclearawaytherubbish.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartII:MainIdeaWhatdidpeopledoaftereruption?Whatcausedthegreatestlossoflife?Didanyonesurvivethevolcaniceruption?Howdidtheymanagetodoit?WhatwouldyoudoifyouhadbeenthereinPompeii?TextAnalysisDetailed AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesWordsvine-covered;summit;reverberate;pumice;overwhelm;clusterPhrasesbreakloose;blowup;branchout;dieaway;goby;beathand;makeonesway;beinstore;loseconsciousness;showerofstonesSentencePatternGrammarpastparticipleasattributivesummit(para.9)otherpopularusagesofsummit:1.animportantformalmeetingbetweenleadersofgovernmentsfromtwoormorecountriesasummitmeetingWorldleaderswillmeetnextweekfortheirannualeconomicsummit.2.thehighest,mostsuccessfulormostimportantpointinsomethingIcertainlyhaventreachedthesummitofmycareer.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisreverberate(para.13)LITERARYIfalouddeepsoundreverberates,itcontinuestobeheardaroundanarea,sothattheareaseemstoshakeThenarrowstreetreverberatedwith/to thesoundoftheworkmensdrills.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisoverwhelm(para.18)1.Thevillagewasoverwhelmedbyashfromthevolcano.村子被火山灰覆盖。2.Whenhesawthedressmakersdaughter,hewasoverwhelmedbyherbeauty.当他见到了裁缝师的女儿马上为她的美貌倾倒。3.Iwasoverwhelmedbythesightofthetomb.我为这陵墓的景象所慑服。4.Ifonewasoverwhelmedbypassion,itcouldleadtoseriousblunders.当人的感情完全淹没理智时，就可能铸成大错。Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysiscluster(para.19)agroupofsimilarthingsthatareclosetogether,sometimessurroundingsomethinge.g.1.Havealookattheclusterofgalaxiesinthisphotograph.2.Therewasaclusteroffansaroundhim,askingforautographs.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisThesoundoftheexplosiondiedaway,butitstillreverberatedineveryonesears.(para.13)Paragraphing:Evenwhentheloudsoundstopped,peopledidnotrecoverfromtheshock.Detailed AnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseTextAnalysisAnhourwentbyanddarknessstillshroudedeverything.(para.14)Paragraphing:Anhourpassed,thingsdidnotimproveanddarknesscoveredeverything.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseRushingthrongs,blindedbythedarknessandthesmoke,rusheduponestreetanddownthenext,tramplingthefalleninacrazyfruitlessdashtowardsafety.(para.17)Paragraphing:Peoplepanicked.Theyrushedintothestreetstoescapethefallingbuildings.Itwasdarkandtheairwasfullofsmokesotheycouldnotseewheretheyaregoing.Theyrusheduponestreetanddownthenextinahopelessattempttoreachsafety.Intheirblindrushtheyranoverthebodiesofpeoplewhohadfallendown.Detailed AnalysisTextAnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。Amightyforcewasabouttobreakloose.2.他只得把火吹旺使它烧起来。Hehadtoblowupthefiretomakeitburn.3.公司的业务从汽车零售扩大到汽车出租。Fromcarretailthecompanybranchoutintocarleasing.4.台风过后，风渐渐平息了。Thewindsdiedawayafterthetyphoonhadpassed.5.胜利即将到来。Victoryisathand.Detailed AnalysisPartII:ExercisesTextAnalysis6.随着时光流逝，多少人来了又走，留下无尽故事。Astimegoesby,numerouspeoplecomeandgo,withcountlessstorieslefthere.7.我们设法从购物的人潮中挤过去。Wetriedtomakeourwaythroughthecrowdsofshoppers.8.一场新的灾难即将向庞培袭来。AnewtroublewasinstoreforPompeii.9.虽然我没有失去知觉，但那剧烈的疼痛确实难忍。ThoughIdidnotlosemyconsciousness,thesharppainwasreallykillingme.Detailed AnalysisPartII:ExercisesTextAnalysisReinforcementRetellingRetellingDiscussionDiscussionPompeiiUnit 10RetellingSupposeyousurvivedthevolcaniceruption,retellhowyoumanagedtoescapetoyourpartner.SupposeyouareavisitorinPompeiiretellwhatyouhaveseentoyourpartner.Inbothretellings,pleaseuseasmanyspecificwordsasyoucantomakeyouraccountvivid.ReinforcementWhat makes ruins likePompeiiwell-known?Ruinsofquake-hitSichuannow become new touristhotspots.Is it suitable todevelop“disastertourism”?Whatinsightsaboutlifedotouristexpecttogain?ReinforcementDiscussion