雅思班豪华版讲义.pdf

目录第一节：1）考试介绍 2）词汇记忆与猜词第二节：长难句：1）三大从句 2）插入成分第三节：长难句：1）复杂修饰 2）其他长难句第四节：1）段落理解2）同义重现3）考点信息词第五节：1）谋篇原则2）题型讲解第六节：1）题型讲解2）复习计划第1页共70页内部资料请勿外传Faith can move mountains!总论(1)雅思阅读的几个重要数据2 3 9 10 _40 _60 _(2)对于阅读的要求：语法：_词汇：_知识背景：_(3)雅思阅读的评分体系：哥要考N分，进某牛大学，考不上就是“人妖二18/5 _21/5.5 _23/6 _26/6.5 _30/7 _32/7.5 _35/8 _37/8.5 _40/9 _雅思阅读文章的逻辑结构三步式：1)首段：对全文的控制，第二段至倒数第二段具体展开首段内容。2)第二段至倒数第二段：a)原则上每段都有主题句；b)原则上段与段之间都有过渡成分；c)过渡之后一般为主题句或考点信息。3)尾段：展望未来，给出建议，或总结全文.雅思阅读中三种最重要逻辑信号词：第2页共70页内部资料请勿外传A代词与同义重现：_衔接作用：_B强转折：_作用：_C让步：_作用：_单词（阅读的DNA）词汇的记忆方法单词的记忆方法：（1）联想记忆法（2）词根词缀（3）阅读记忆法（4）在生活中积累词汇例子：1）_2）3）（5）重复次数与时间间隔的科学记忆1-7：_8-15：_16-21：_22-27：_总结复习：_（推荐教材：雅思一词根词缀联想俞敏洪）每天利用早上，中午，下午，晚上，各15分钟反复重复大量记忆词汇。第3页共70页内部资料请勿外传三大猜词宝典15分 钟时间 段星期一星期：星期三星期四星期五星期六星期日上午1.23.45.67.89.1011.12复习1 至12单 元中午1.21.23.45.67.89.10下午3.43.45.67.89.1011.12星期一星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六星期日上午13.1415.1617.1819.2021.2219.20复习13 至22单 元中午11.1213.1415.1617.1819.2021.22下午13.1415.1617.1819.2021.2219.20星期一星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六星期日上午23-2425-2627-2829-3031-3233-35复习23 至35单 元中午21-2223-2425-2627-2829-3031-32下午23-2425-2627-2829-3031-3233-35（1）词根与前缀（400多个常见词根词缀）（推荐：蒋争英语词汇的奥妙）词根是一个单词的核心含义Norm的扩展_通过常见前缀猜单词a不，无，非 ap加强或引申意义dis不，无，非acentric asocial atypical asymmetry amoralappoint appease approximate appraise apprehensiondislike dishonest disremember disorder disability练习fore_通过词根十常见前缀来猜单词extend extension attend contend tendency intend tension第4页共70页内部资料请勿外传unite united disunity unique unison unilateral unidirectional习 due_总结：常见猜词前缀与词根。见附件。（2）通过上下文A同位语/同位语从句/定语从句：which is/which means/that/who/whomAn examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans,the group of mammalscomprising whales,dolphins and porpoises（剑 4 副标题）Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.The volunteers who positively apply to go to Beijing for organizing Olympic game are very kind.B标点与下定义解释：破折号-扩号（）冒号：/Define A is B,A known as B,the term means,A is called/named BCrepuscular rays-alternating bright and dark rays in the sky一appear to radiate from the sun.Generally the rates of interest have been modest（lower than bank rates）.（剑J 4 section3 第1课）But the classic eruption cone-shaped mountain,big bang,mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava-is only a tiny part of a global story.（佥【J 4 section3 第 2 课）A person or thing beyond comparison,a model of excellence,is known as a paragonWe would like to define architecture is designing the structure of buildingsAnthropology is the scientific study of man.In slang the t erm jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.C 类比与并列/反比：As well as,and,rather than,or,both.and.,either.or.,第5页共70页内部资料请勿外传neither.nor.Similar,likeBut/instead/rather/diflerent/alternatively/however/nevertheless/unlike/conversely/contr ast/on the contrary/whereas/despite/in spite of?on the other hand/whileA skyscraper,or building more than twenty stories high,is built on a foundation of concrete supported by piles(堆)driven into the ground.Capacitance,or the ability to store electric charge,is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuitsBecause they do not need sunlight to survive,parasitic plants are generally found in umbrageous areas rather than in areas exposed to direct sunlight.A.moist B.well lit C.shaded D.buriedTodays t eenag ers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their grandparents.A.freethinking B.traditional C.old D.happyIt is only in marriag e with the world that our ideals can bear fruit,divorced from it,they remain barren.(英国数学家哲学家 Bertrand Russell)D 通过上下文寻找同义替换：in other words,to put it another way,that is to say,to be preciseBefore the main business of a conference begins,the chairman usually makes a short preliminary speech or makes a few preliminary remarks.In ot her words,he says a few things by way of introduction.The worlds heaviest flower,a species of Rafflesia,is a parasite that flourishes among,and lives off of,the roots of jungle vines.Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7 kg)and can measure up to 3 feet(1 m)across.A smelly B hidden C mature D heavyE通过常识/语义逻辑/因果since,as,because,for,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest,and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired,then you are indefatigable.第6页共70页 内部资料 请勿外传Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.F 举例解释：like,for example,for instance,such asSeveral managers complain of obsolete skills.For inst ance,shorthand(速记)is still used in many meetings although it is rarely used.You know!In Arabia world the country enforces the institution of polygamy.Like one of my foreign friends who has three wives and six children.The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.(3)名词猜大的方向，动词猜正负态度，副词直接跳过名词The group of mammals includes whales,dolphins and porpoises.动词The nerves serving taste buds have degenerated or are rudimentary.副词Language is also intimately bound up with culture.副词常见后缀(ably,-ally,-ibly,ly,-ce,-fold,-wards)l)-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply2)-ward,-wards,upward 向上的，朝上 downward 向下的，朝下3)-ways,cornerways 对角的，斜4)-wise,crosswise 交叉 coastwise 沿海岸练习(请猜出下列单词的含义)1)Vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains.(剑四 第二课)2)These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics,a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.(剑三)3)An intellectual breakthrough,brilliant thought it may be,does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice.(剑三)4)In very significant cases of role change,e.g.from a soldi er in the ranks to officer,from bachelor to married man.(佥【J 四)5)PM 10,a sub-category of particulate matter measuring ten millionins of a metre第7页共70页内部资料请勿外传across,has been implicated in thousands of death a year in Britain alone.(剑三)雅思阅读过程中的长难句问题They argue that those scientists are underestimating the damage done by passive smoking and,in support of their recent findings,cite some previous research which points to passive smoking as the cause for between 30,000 and 60,000 deaths from the heart attacks each year in the United States.长难句类型：1.三大从句 2.插入成分 3.复杂修饰 4.其他长难句形式句子的基本5种类型：(简单句型)(1)主谓结构：She comes(2)主谓宾结构：She stares at him(3)主系表结构：Her face turns red;She is pretty(4)主谓宾宾结构:She gives him a gift(5)主谓宾补结构：She orders John chairman如何判断双宾与宾补结构？_She passes Tom a pen.She makes Tom happy.练习She is beautifulTom is good at playing basketballHe orders Tom monitorThe course of true love never did run smooth.真诚的爱情之路永不会是平坦的。(莎士比亚)练习(辨认出下列句子中短语类型以及在句子中担当的成分)A wonderful book likes a good teacherThe book have been left to TomHe is going with his motherHe is a good waiterMoney is not everything.Theres Mastercard&Visa.简单句变为并列句：(简单句+并列连词+简单句)(1)She comes there,and they have dinner together(2)Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher 第8页共70页内部资料请勿外传并列句中如果主语一致，第二个主语可以省略Metals expand when it is heated and contract when it is cooled.Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled常见连接并列句的连词有：and,or,but,both.and.,练习（自己造2个并列句）三大从句名词性从句/定语从句/状语从句（1）名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）Mike said that he was fueling ill.（=Mike said A）That I dressed up as a noble man is my first time.（=A is my first time）Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure,curriculum science.（=Many studies have shown A）（佥【J三 section 1 第一课）主语从句：that,whether,what,whatever,who,whoever,when,where,how,why Whether he will come is doubtful.It is certain that he will come.（形式主语）What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.表语从句：that,whether,what,whatever,who,whoever,when where,why,what,whateverMy idea is that well all go except Lily.My dream is that I can fly over sea.One misconception,expressed by some 10%of the pupils,was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction.（佥ij三 section 1 第一课）宾语从句：that,whether,what,whatever,who,whoever,when,where,why,what,whatever1）在及物动词后做宾语从句All of us know that we must study hard.2）在宾补当中做形式宾语第9页共70页内部资料请勿外传He thinks it necessary that he should do it again.（形式宾语）3）在双宾动词后做直接宾语或者间接宾语They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet.I assure you that I had no intention of offending you.4）在介词后面做宾语从句I will give this dictionary to whoever wants to have it.（四级考题）一句话总结：_经典例句复习：What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave（幼时所学，终生难忘）I will give this dictionary to whoever wants to have it.（四级考题）He thinks it necessary that he should do it again.（形式宾语）练习A）：请辨认下列的从句类型I feel that this award was not made to me as a man,but to my work.（威廉，福克纳）We soon believe what we desire.Chaucer 乔叟练习B）：请造四个从句a）I feel that _b）Thatis greatc）Whatis greatd）The idea is that练习C）：翻译下列2个从句That the love stems from friendship is everlasting.What people used to call destiny is really just their own stupidities.（德国哲学家Arthur Schopenhauer）主，表，宾从句复习大总结一句话：一个名词变成一个句子：主语，表语，宾语_经典语句复习：1)We soon believe what we desire.我们欲望中的东西，我们很快就信以为真.Chaucer乔叟第10页共70页内部资料请勿外传2）That we knew the rumor is that the information was transmitted by media.同位语从句：名词+that/whether/which+从句The idea Tat we will watch the Elm 2012 tomorrow is quite good.（=The idea A is quite good）The supreme happiness in life is the conviction that we are loved.（法国作家 Victor Hugo）一句话总结：_经典例句：The supreme happiness in life is the conviction that we are loved.（法国作家 VictorHugo）When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.练习1）：请辨认下列的从句类型The question whether well go to see the film next Monday hasnt been settled.The human story does not always unfold like a mathematical calculation on theprinciple that two and two make four.（丘吉尔）练习2）：请造三个句子I have a dream that_I asked teacher a question that_The news thatis not bad复习同仁语一句话总结：一句子等于一个名词：宾语，主语；理解成什么什么的。_名词性从句复习大总结：同位语从句：一个句子等同与一个名词（主语，宾语）；理解成什么什么的。_主，表，宾语从句：一个名词（主语，表语，宾语）变成了一个句子_经典语句复习：同位语从句：The supreme happiness in li色 is the conviction that we are loved.（法国 作家 Victor Hugo）主，表，宾语从句：Experience is what you get when you dont get what you want.（美国实ll7家 Dan Stanford）名词性从句的难点：1）并列名词性从句2）多次名词性从句第11页共70页内部资料请勿外传That we knew the rumor is that the information was transmitted by media.I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the teachers are saying.The news is that Obama will visit china and that Bill Gates will retire from his Job.一句话总结：_I realized that what I said was not exactly what I meant to say.No one is in the least interest in the marks which a little child gets on his test;what we are interested in is whether we can conclude that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age.练习1）：翻译下列3个句子Whether I go to America or not is that the thing is decided by my parentsHis theory is that the earth will be damaged by monster and that our life will be ended.We have decided that the Tom will be our CEO in next financial year.练习2）：自己造2个句子a）I have a dream that that_b）名词性从句复习大总结：多次名词性从句：找引导词与从句谓语动词，有N个谓语动词，就有N 1个从 _同位语从句：一个句子等同与一个名词（主语，宾语）；翻译成什么什么的。_主，表，宾语从句：一个单词变成了一个句子：主语，表语，宾语_经典语句复习：多次或并歹ll 名词，性从句：I realized that what I said was not exactly what I meant tosay.同位语从句：The supreme happiness in lifb is the conviction that we are loved.（法国 作家 Victor Hugo）主，表，宾语从句：Experience is what you pet when you dont Met what you want.（美 国实业家Dan Stanford）（2）定语从句：弓I导词 that,who,which,whose,whom,where,when,why Tom has a beautiful car which I like第12页共70页内部资料请勿外传People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.（美国商人 John Wanamaker）非限制性定语从句：I like Tom,who is handsome,whose house is quite big.一句话总结：_That is a good book which is opened with expectation,and closed with delight and profit.Our names are the light that glows on the sea waves at night and then dies without leaving its signature.（Tagore）练习1）：辨认出下列从句The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago.（新三,第二课）The man who has made up his mind to win will never say Impossible.（Napoleon）练习2）：翻译下列的句子The big clock which used to strike hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.（新三）Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water.（剑四 section 1 第二课）我的一位朋友有一座房子，房子位于市中心，市中心有一条步行街，那里人山人 海。练习3）：造3个定语从句I have a beautiful girl friend who_My father gave me a birthday gift which_定语从句辨认复习总结：限定修饰前面的名词；通常从句当中缺主语或者宾语；理解成什么什么的。第13页共70页内部资料请勿外传经典例句复习：The man who has made up his mind to win will never say“Impossible”.定语从句难点：1）并列或多层定语从句 2）定语从句介词+引导词He is the person who loves his life and who loves philosophyHe is the only person that we know who speaks so many foreign languages.The girl with whom you work is his girl friend.A genius is a man who does unique things of which nobody would expect him to becapable.（英国记者作家Lucas）一句话总结：多层定语从句：_介词+引导词：_Then only real mistake is the one from which we learn nothing.（英国政治家 JohnPowell）Humility is the sweet root in the soil,from which all lofty virtues germinate and grow.（古希腊哲学家Socrates）唯一例外：引导词前面有of,为后置定语限定结构,翻译成什么什么的。_Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathesomeone elses cigarette smoke.（佥U三 第二课）练习：翻译下列句子The first quarrel between a young couple is the beginning of a new stage,in whichpoetic love is transformed into practical lilfe.（法国皇帝 Napoleon）To salute the sun for whom I must make way.(Tagore)我希望中国的GDP可以超过美国，并且美国人来中国留学要考中国雅思考试。我有一个家，家里有一个书房，书房里许多书。定语从句复习大总结：如何辨认定语从句：限定修饰前面的名词；通常缺主语或者宾语；理解成什么什 第14页共70页内部资料请勿外传么的。多层定语从句：找从句引导词与从句谓语动词，有N个谓语动词，就有N 1个 从句介词+引导词：先把介词放回到从句当中，再找现行词_经典句例复习：The big clock which used to strike hours day and night was damaged many years ago.（新三）Humility is the sweet root in the soil,from which all lofty virtues germinate and grow.（古希腊哲学家Socrates）（3）状语从句（时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，比较，让步，方式）Every man is a poet when he is in love.（Plato）He is disappointed because he failed again.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?Fil get up early so that I can catch up the early bus.Where there is no desire,there will be no industry.（John Locke）Although he is young,he knows a lot.Time tries friends as fire tries gold.Treat other people as you hope they will treat you.一句话总结：_经典例句复习：If winter comes,can spring be far behind?（P.B.Shelley）Victory wont come to me unless I go to it.（美国诗人 Moore）Every man is a poet when he is in love.（Plato）状语从句的难点：1）状语从句省略现象2）常见比较状语从句复杂结构1）状语从句省略现象The kind of tree grows favorably where wet.A tiger cant be tamed unless caught very young.Although not an economist himself,Dr.Smith has long been a severe critic of the government9s economic policies.一句话总结：_Metals expand when heated and Metals contract when cooled.第15页共70页内部