四级作文及经典句子汇总.pdf

1.中国的污染的现状2.造成污染的原因3.解决的办法Pollution:An Increasing Concern in ChinaIt is reported that ten big cities in China are being ranked among the top twenty cities with the highest pollution index in the world.This means it is high time we did something to bring the situation under control.Many factors are contributing to the deteriorating situation:industrial wastes pumped into the air,the lakes and rivers;a increasing number of automobiles crowding into the streets;the widespread use of plastic bags etc.To my view,stiffer laws and regulations must be implemented to check pollution.Industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined.Cars should be equipped to minimize the exhaust they release into the air.And the use of plastic bags and disposable meal boxes should be banned.Whats more,the media should play an important role in implanting a sense of environmental consciousness into peoples mind.If everybody works toward a common goal of making the environment better,we can create a cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the coming generation.1.描述图表中人们每天开支变化情况2.请说明发生这些变化的原因3.结合图表对未来作出合理的预测Item*319951996K1997r19981993Food*366%-61%243%41%36%-Clothing*39%p10%12%/15%18%Recreation*34%5%小8%9%11%Others/21%-24%/32%35%-35%Total*3100%/100%100%100%100%Changes in Peoples Daily Expenses.What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the peoples daily expenses from 1995 to 1999.The expenses on food have declined by 30%while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9%and 7%.The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.There are two factors accounting for these changes.Development in economy is an essential one in the five years.The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food.Hence,a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense.Another one is the changes in life style.When food presents no worry to the average,people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time.As a result of such a shift,spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year.From the analyses made above,we may come to the conclusion that peoples living standards have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999.With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style,the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.1.表明你的身份和事件2.对到场领导老师的支持予以感谢并阐述体育运动所带给大家 的好处3.宣布运动会开幕并预祝此次运动会取得成功.An Opening SpeechLadies and Gentlemen,Good morning!I am Oscar,the spokesman of the Students Union.On behalf of the Students5 Union,the main organizer of today5s sports meeting,I welcome you all to the beautiful stadium.After two months preparation,our annual sports meeting is held on schedule.Thanks to the support and help from our school leaders and teachers.Though they have many school responsibilities,they have taken time off to take part in our sports activities.Lefs give them a big hand.Through sports,we can not only develop our physical prowess,but also promote social and emotional skills,and even intellectual skills,which will matter in our future lives substantially.So hope everybody here cherish this opportunity and enjoy it.At last,best wishes for the success of the sports meeting and best wishes for the good results of our athletes.It is my pleasure to announce the open of the sports meeting.Thank you and good luck!is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently,its side effects are also enormous.To begin with,examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results,they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations.In addition,the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance,a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.In fact,few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students5 academic development.If that is the case,why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?写作绝招开头万能公式：1.开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好 办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也 是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们 就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：A proberb says,“You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名 言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名 言）,更多经典句型：As everyone knows,No one can deny that2.开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪 管那三七二H一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不 妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey,about 78.9%of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目 我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的 交通工具是自行车。Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 结尾万能公式：1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等 待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）,we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up,in conclusion,in brief,on account of this,thus 更多句型：Thus,it can be concluded that-*,Therefore,we can find that*2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是 最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典 的虚拟语气的句型。拽！Obviously,it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果 我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly,I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently,to solve the problem,some measures should be taken.写作的“七项基本原则”：一、长短句原则工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的 句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在 段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature,I eat;as a man,I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind,they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章 主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时 候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一 般用一长一短就可以了。二、主题句原则国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结 果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无 事！特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！To begin with,you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation,you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原贝II领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一 点如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过 这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破 解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就;主林7，月 zE J o1）first,second,third,last（不推荐，原因:俗）2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推荐，原因：俗）3）the first,the second,the third,the last（不推荐,原因：俗）4）in the first place,in the second place,in the third place,lastly（不推荐:俗）_5）to begin with,then,furthermore,finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with,next,in addition,finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost,besides,last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all,moreover,finally9）on the one hand,on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing,for another thing（适用于两点的情况）建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！四、短语优先原则写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短 语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个 自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点一精彩 的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只 有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。五、多实少虚原则原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这 就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比 较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞 的词，应该使用一些诸如 generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，general 的词是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！六、多变句式原则1）加法（串联）都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最 保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好 是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft,but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover2）转折（拐弯抹角）批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转 入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人 接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意 二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old,yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin,but it was warm.更多的短语：despite that,still,however,nevertheless,in spite of,despite,notwithstanding3）因果（so,so,so）昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友可见，讲故事的时候我们总 要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！The snow began to fall,so we went home.更多短语：then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,as a result,for this reason,so that4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希 望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意 力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不 同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：When to go,Why he goes away 5）附加（多此一举）如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会 插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插 入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu,our oral English teacher,is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句一借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。6）排比（排山倒海句）文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩 的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个 的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山 倒海之势！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional,sophisticated or simple,there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays,energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil,coal,natural gas,solar heat,the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard,to enlarge our scope of knowledge,to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.(气势恢宏)要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！七、挑战极限原则既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简 单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊 形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：The weather being fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent,its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！文章主体段落三大杀手铜：一、举实例思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无 法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！In order to attract more customers,advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads,such as sound,light,colours,cartoon films and human performance.For instance,to advertise a certain food,advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take as an example,One example is，Another example is，for example 二、做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与 之相反的；世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语：相似的比较：in comparison,likewise,similarly,in the same manner 相反的比较：on the other hand,conversely,whereas,while,instead,nevertheless,in contrast,on the contrary,compared with,三、换言之没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹 地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字Hove you!I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say,I love you.I am wild about you.In other words,I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子:I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it.That is to say,I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：in more difficult language,in simpler words,put it more simply韩素玲老师推荐句子:1.It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population.评：It must be pointed out that.2.It is(has been)estimated that the worlds population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century.评：It is(has been)estimated that.3.It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.评：It must be kept in mind that.5.As is known man is the product of labor.评：As is known.7.As the saying goes,nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.评:As the saying goes,.8.It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology,it is impossible to build socialist modernizations.t平：It can be said that.,it is impossible to.9.Wed better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.评：take measures,prevent from10.In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,fax have taken their place.评：play.role,take place范文1：Global Shortage of Fresh Water1.人们以为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水）2.实际上淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增长、工业用水增加、污 染）3.我们应该怎么办 At present,many people take it for granted that fresh water will never be used up because we can find it not only from the rain,but also in the rivers,lakes and wells.Consequently,it is not necessary for us to worry about global shortage of fresh water.In fact,the situation has become so serious that everyone should be aware of it and take immediate actions.With the world population increasing rapidly year after year,water resources are being consumed at an appalling speed.Whats more,with the development of science and technology,modern industry needs much more water than before.Thirdly,pollution is also a worrying problem-water in rivers and wells becomes undrinkable because of industrial wastes.We should take urgent measures to protect fresh water resources.The government should increase the efficiency of water usage by such methods as water recycling and purification of sea water.The people,on the other hand,should form the habit of cherishing every drop of water.Last but not least,pollution must be effectively controlled,if we ever want to improve the quality of life.【点评】本篇范文的最大特色是将批驳类与办法类结合，首段指出一些人 的错误认识；第二段从三方面进行批驳；第三段指出我们的做法。范文首先指出，一些人认为淡水是取之不尽的，然后在第二段中 进行批驳。首先，水资源正在被以惊人的速度消费。其次，现代工业 需要更多的水资源。另外，因为工业污染，有些水已经不适宜饮用了。第三段阐述正确做法，即政府提高水资源的利用率、人人养成节约用 水的习惯以及有效地控制水污染。第一段第一句中的take it for granted表示“想当然，be used up表 示“用完，耗尽。第三段第一点中的efficiency,recycling和purification 分别指“效率”、“再循环”和“净化”。范文2:Why Are There So Many Rural Laborers in Big Cities?1.近年来越来越多的民工涌入大城市2.产生这一社会现象的原因For a number of years,there has been a steady rise in the number of rural laborers who flood into big cities.Many men work on construction sites,while many women work as dishwashers in restaurants or babysitters for city dwellers.Three reasons,in my mind,can account for this social phenomenon.First and foremost,the limited land can no longer produce enough crops for an ever-increasing rural population.In the second place,there are far more opportunities in big citiesrural laborers dream of earning money through hard work.Last but by no means least,many of them want to live permanently in big cities,because they admire the way of living there,and wish their children to receive good education.I firmly believe that if we try our best to create a healthy social atmosphere,rural laborers will make greater contribution to our nation.【点评】本题谈论的是一种社会现象。第一段首句引入某一现象，第二句 举例说明，第三句是个过渡句，引起下面解释原因段落的第二段；第 三段是简洁的结束语，其中的宾语从句嵌套一个状语从句。范文首先指出大量农民工涌入大城市这一现象，并引出第二段所 阐述的三个原因。首先，农村有限的土地不能满足日益增长的人口消 费。其次，大城