资源描述
小学英语语法----介词
介词只能用在一个名词、代词或相当于名词的结构之前,也可以与后面的词一起构成介词短语。介词通常位于名词或代词之前。
常见的介词用法:
一.on
1.表地点“在------上面”
There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
2.表时间:
① 表示 “在具体某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)”(具体到“天”)
②表示“在星期几(的上午、下午或晚上)”
on Monday在星期一
on Monday morning在星期一的早上
on January fifth 在1月5日
on the afternoon of May 1 在五月一日的下午
二.in
1.表方位“在------里面”
There is a pen in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支钢笔。
2表地点:
② 表示 “在大地方”
②表示“在…范围内”(属于该范围)。
I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。
Jiangsu lies in the east of China. 江苏在中国的东部。
3.表时间:
①表示 “在较长时间,如年、季节、月等” (不具体到“天”)
②表示“在------(早上、下午、晚上)”
in 2015 在2015年
in April 在四月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
4. 使用某种语言、材料等。
They speak to us in English.他们用英语和我们讲话。
Please write in ink. 请用钢笔写。
三.at
1.表地点:表示在小地方
I am at school today. 我今天在学校。
at class/ home/ the library/ the office 在班上/家里/图书馆/公 司
2.表时间“在钟点、正午”等,“在周末”以及“在……岁时”。
at six 在6点钟
at noon/night在中午/夜晚
at the weekend 在周末
at sixteen/at the age of sixteen 在16岁的时候
四.表方位的介词(短语)
1.in
表示“在…… 里面”
There is a pen in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支钢笔。
2.on
表示“在……上面”(与物体表面接触)
There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
3.over
表示“在……上面”(位于正上方,与物体表面不接触)
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
4.under
表示“在……下面”(位于正下方,与物体表面不接触),反义词是over
There is a cat under the bed.床底下有一只猫。
5.before
在……之前
Mike sits before me. 迈克坐在我前面。
6.behind
在------后面
There is a broom behind the door.门后有一把扫帚。
7.beside
在------旁边
A football is beside the door. 一个足球在们旁边。
8.near
在------附近
There is a book shop near our school.我们学校附近有一个书店。
9.next to
紧挨着
She sat down next to him on the sofa.
她紧挨着他在沙发上坐下了。
10.in front of
在------前面
A boy is standing in front of the house.一个男孩站在房前。
11.in the middle of
在------中间
Our school is in the middle of the city.
我们的学校在城市的中心。
12.on the right/ left of
在------右边/左边
The bookstore is on the right / left of the post office.
书店在邮局的右边/左边。
五.其他常用介词
1.for
给;为;因为
This book is for you.这本书给你。
We have some hamburgers for lunch.我们午饭吃汉堡。
Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.谢谢你告诉我们去动物园的路。
2.to
到;对; 向
Take your books to the classroom.把书带到教室里。 Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐。
Give the book to your friend.把书给你的朋友。
He is kind to me. 他对我很友好。
3.with
用( 表示用工具);和------一起
Please write with a pen.请用钢笔写。
He went to Shenzhen with his parents.
我和父母一起去了深圳。
4. by
指用某种交通工具
I go to school by bike.我骑自行车去上学。
My father goes to work by car.我爸爸开车去上班。
5. of
------的(表所属关系)
His father is a teacher of our school.他的爸爸是我们学校的一个老师。
6. from
来自;从------到------(from --- to)
I am from China. = I come from China.我来自中国。
We have class from Monday to Friday.我们从周一到周五上课。
7. like
像------;长相------
The twins are like their father.双胞胎像她们的爸爸。
What’s your brother like? 你的哥哥长得怎们样?
8. about
关于;大约;------怎么样?
He told many stories about his father.
他讲了许多关于爸爸的故事。
It’s about 6:00 now.现在大约是六点钟。
I I like the film. What / How about you ? 我喜欢这部影片,你呢?
9. between
在------与------之间(在两者之间)
There is a football match between Class One and Class Three. 一班和三班有一场足球赛。
10.among
在------与------之间(三者或三者以上)
Tom is among the tallest boys in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的男孩之一。
练一练
用适当的介词填空
1.My father begins work ________ 8:00 ________ the morning .
2.Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday?
3.My mother cut the cake ________ a knife
4.We live______ a new house now.
5.Shanghai is ____ the east of China.
6. I usually have lunch ____ noon.
7. It’s eight o’clock. It’s time ________ class.
8. _____ half past six , he usually has dinner.
9. We have lessons _____eight o’clock ___ twelve o’clock.
10.I go there _____ my friend _____ bike.
11.There is a bridge_____ the river.
12.This is a photo _____ my family.
13.Tom comes _____ England.
14.My bed is _____ the window.
15.He looks_____ his father.
16.What's this _____ English?
17.The pen is_____ the pencil-box.
18. The bookstore is _____ the right of our school.
19.There are some pictures _____ the wall.
20.My telephone is _____the bed and the sofa.
答案:1. at; in 2.at; on 3.with 4. in 5.in 6.at 7.for 8.At 9.from; to 10. with; by
11. over 12. of 13. from 14. near 15. like 16. in 17. in 18. on 19.on 20.between
4
展开阅读全文