小学英语语法--介词.doc

小学英语语法-介词介词只能用在一个名词、代词或相当于名词的结构之前，也可以与后面的词一起构成介词短语。介词通常位于名词或代词之前。常见的介词用法：一.on1.表地点“在-上面”There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。2.表时间: 表示 “在具体某一天（的上午、下午或晚上）”（具体到“天”）表示“在星期几（的上午、下午或晚上）”on Monday在星期一on Monday morning在星期一的早上onJanuary fifth 在1月5日on the afternoon of May 1 在五月一日的下午二in1.表方位“在-里面”There is a pen in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支钢笔。2表地点： 表示 “在大地方”表示“在范围内”（属于该范围）。I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。Jiangsu lies in the east of China. 江苏在中国的东部。3.表时间：表示 “在较长时间,如年、季节、月等” （不具体到“天”）表示“在-（早上、下午、晚上）”in 2015 在2015年in April 在四月in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上4. 使用某种语言、材料等。They speak to us in English.他们用英语和我们讲话。Please write in ink. 请用钢笔写。三at1.表地点：表示在小地方I am at school today. 我今天在学校。at class/ home/ the library/ the office 在班上/家里/图书馆/公司2.表时间“在钟点、正午”等，“在周末”以及“在岁时”。atsix 在6点钟at noon/night在中午/夜晚at the weekend 在周末atsixteen/at the age of sixteen 在16岁的时候四表方位的介词（短语）1.in表示“在 里面”There is a pen in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支钢笔。2.on表示“在上面”（与物体表面接触）There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。3.over表示“在上面”（位于正上方，与物体表面不接触）There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。4.under表示“在下面”（位于正下方，与物体表面不接触），反义词是overThere is a cat under the bed.床底下有一只猫。5.before在之前Mike sits before me. 迈克坐在我前面。6.behind在-后面There is a broom behind the door.门后有一把扫帚。7.beside在-旁边A football is beside the door. 一个足球在们旁边。8.near在-附近There is a book shop near our school.我们学校附近有一个书店。9.next to紧挨着Shesatdownnexttohimonthesofa.她紧挨着他在沙发上坐下了。10.in front of在-前面A boy is standing in front of the house.一个男孩站在房前。11.in the middle of在-中间Our school isinthemiddleofthecity.我们的学校在城市的中心。12.on the right/ left of在-右边/左边The bookstoreisontheright/ left ofthepostoffice.书店在邮局的右边/左边。五其他常用介词1.for给；为；因为This book is for you.这本书给你。We have some hamburgers for lunch.我们午饭吃汉堡。Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.谢谢你告诉我们去动物园的路。2.to到；对； 向Take your books to the classroom.把书带到教室里。 Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐。Give the book to your friend.把书给你的朋友。He is kindtome. 他对我很友好。3.with用（ 表示用工具）；和-一起Please write with a pen.请用钢笔写。He went to Shenzhen with his parents.我和父母一起去了深圳。4. by指用某种交通工具I go to school by bike.我骑自行车去上学。My father goes to work by car.我爸爸开车去上班。5. of-的（表所属关系）His father is a teacher of our school.他的爸爸是我们学校的一个老师。6. from来自；从-到-（from - to）I am from China. = I come from China.我来自中国。We have class from Monday to Friday.我们从周一到周五上课。7. like像-；长相-The twins are like their father.双胞胎像她们的爸爸。Whats your brother like? 你的哥哥长得怎们样？8. about关于；大约；-怎么样？He toldmany storiesabouthis father.他讲了许多关于爸爸的故事。Its about 6:00 now.现在大约是六点钟。II like the film. What / How about you?我喜欢这部影片，你呢？9. between在-与-之间（在两者之间）There is a football match between Class One and Class Three. 一班和三班有一场足球赛。10.among在-与-之间（三者或三者以上）Tom is among the tallest boys in our class. 汤姆是我们班最高的男孩之一。练一练用适当的介词填空1.My father begins work _ 8：00 _ the morning 2.Dothestudentsstay_home_Saturday？3.Mymothercutthecake_aknife4.Welive_anewhousenow.5.Shanghaiis_theeastofChina.6. I usually have lunch _ noon. 7. Its eight oclock. Its time _ class. 8. _ half past six , he usually has dinner. 9. We have lessons _eight oclock _ twelve oclock. 10.I go there _ my friend _ bike. 11.There is a bridge_ the river.12.This is a photo _ my family.13.Tom comes _ England.14.My bed is _ the window.15.He looks_ his father.16.Whats this _ English?17.The pen is_ the pencil-box.18. The bookstoreis_therightofour school.19.There are some pictures _ the wall.20.My telephone is _the bed and the sofa.答案：1. at; in 2.at; on 3.with 4. in 5.in 6.at 7.for 8.At 9.from; to 10. with; by11. over 12. of 13. from 14. near 15. like 16. in 17. in 18. on 19.on 20.between4