2018年高考英语二轮复习-第二部分-知识运用篇-专题4-语法填空-第4讲-冠词、介词和代词.ppt

部分专题四语法填空专题四语法填空知识运用篇知识运用篇无提示词填空无提示词填空讲冠词、介词和代词讲冠词、介词和代词1 1技技 能能 突突 破破3 3随随 堂堂 训训 练练2 2走走 出出 误误 区区4 4复复 习习 练练 案案技技 能能 突突 破破技法1：冠词简约不简单，特指泛指需分辨冠词虽少，只有三个(a/an/the)，但却是全国卷语法填空几乎每年必考的语言知识点之一。(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，_other is with mumshe never suspects.解题思路分析句子成分句子缺少冠词根据固定搭配“one.the other”得知答案尝试解答：_the 技法解读1不定冠词的用法(1)在单数可数名词前，表示泛指，要想到用不定冠词。It is said that a class of 200 students attended the lecture on the nature of human beings.据说一个有着200个学生的班级参加了这个关于人类天性的讲座。(2)表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，要想到用不定冠词。A doctor is a person who saves peoples lives.医生就是拯救人们生命的人。(3)表示第一次提到某人或某物，要想到用不定冠词。I went to a nearby restaurant，but the service there was terrible.我去了附近一家饭店，但那儿的服务很糟糕。(4)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”，要想到用不定冠词。In Guangdong Province，it is common for a building to lack a fourth floor.在广东省，楼房没有4楼是常见的事。(5)在专有名词前表示泛指，要想到用不定冠词。He wants to become a Shakespeare of the day.他想成为当代的莎士比亚。(6)在抽象名词前，表示“一个的人或一件的事”，要想到用不定冠词。If you want to improve your working efficiency，it will be a must for you to make the most of your time如果你想提高你的工作效率，充分利用时间是一件必须要做的事。(7)在某些固定结构中，要想到用不定冠词。have a rest(休息)，have a break(休息)，take a walk(散 步)，have a look(看一看)，in a moment(立刻)，in a minute(马上)，once upon a time(曾经)，twice a month(一月两次)，a type of(一类)，a pile of(一堆)，a great amount of(大量的)，as a rule(通常)，in a hurry(立刻)，in a word(总之)，in a short while(不久)，have a good knowledge of(熟知)等。2定冠词的用法(1)在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。(2)谈话双方都知道的人或物以及上文已经提到的表示人或物的名词前要想到用定冠词。A total of 25 temporary shelters for the farmers have been established in the flooded area so far.到目前为止，共有25个临时庇护所已经在洪灾地区为农民建立起来了。(3)序数词和形容词最高级前要想到用定冠词。As is known to all，China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。(4)某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。As far as I know，the Greens are going to move to Beijing.据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。(5)用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数。The old man in our neighborhood is in the seventies.在我们小区的这位老人大约七十几岁。(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.(2015全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015广东高考)Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _ farm，which looked almost abandoned.a the a(2014全国卷)Now，years later，this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up.(2014广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.the the 技法2：介词用法不算难，固定搭配记心间介词表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。高考语法填空常常考查介词搭配，因此牢记介词搭配是解题的捷径。(2015全国卷)For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away_car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.解题思路分析句子成分空格后是名词该结构作状语根据固定搭配by car介词和名词的搭配尝试解答：_by 技法解读1常用介词用法(1)at主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点、以速度、以价格。常用固定搭配：at the doctors在医务窒，at home在家，at school在学校，at one time曾经，at the beginning of在开始，at the airport在机场，at the weekend在周末，at the age of 25在25岁时，at the same time同时，at present目前，at the end of在末尾，at the speed of以速度，at a low price以低廉的价格。(2)to主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。常用固定搭配：to ones surprise/joy令某人惊讶/高兴的是，key/answer to.的关键/答案，add up to总计，thanks to多亏了，stick to坚持，refer to提到，参考，be harmful to对有害，be connected to和有关系。(3)in(表示时间)在(年、月、季节、泛指上下午、晚上)；(表示地点)在里；(表示语言、材料)用；(表示穿戴的状态)穿着，戴着。常用固定搭配：in the 1990s在20世纪90年代，in the evening在晚上，in ink用墨水，in pencil用铅笔，in need of需要，in progress在进行，in operation在运行中，in use开始使用，in sight看得见，in charge of负责，in possession of拥有，have some trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.在有困难，in memory of纪念，in favour of 意，in particular特别地。(4)on(表示时间)在(某一天或某天上下午)；(表示地点)在上；(表示状态)处于中。常用固定搭配：on Tuesday evening在周二的晚上，on business办事/出差，on holiday/vacation/leave在休假，on duty值勤/日，on sale出售，call on拜访，pass on传递，carry on进行下去，live on sth.靠生活，depend on依靠，have pity on同情。(5)beyond(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处；(表示程度)超出，非所能及。常用固定搭配：beyond belief难以置信beyond control无法控制，beyond description难以形容，beyond expression无法表达。(6)by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。常用固定搭配：by oneself单独，by hand用手工，learn.by heart牢记，by means of使用，by bicycle/plane/bus/train/ship骑自行车/坐飞机/坐公共汽车/坐火车/坐船。(7)for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。常用固定搭配：leave for动身去，thank sb.for sth.因某事而感谢某人，for free免费，for a few days几天，exchange.for.以交换。(8)with表拥有某物；表示用某种工具或手段；表示原因或理由；表示想法、信念、态度与一致；随着，和同时。常用固定搭配：cut meat with a knife用刀割肉，jump with joy高兴得跳起来，vote with sb.投票赞成某人，increase with years逐年增加，a country with a long history一个历史悠久的国家。2常被误用的介词be caught in the rain被雨淋着(不用by)，leave，for some place动身去某地(不用to)，set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for)，in the direction朝着方向(不用to)，do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙(不用to)，different from和不同(不用with)，with the help of在的帮助下(不用under)，steal sth.from sb.偷某人的东西(不用of)，read sth.to sb.给(为)读(念)(不用for)(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat_ their hands.(2016四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.on with for(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；_ the same time，they warm up again for the night.to at 技法3：代词代指要明确，it高考很常见高考语法填空对代词的考查一般有两种形式，一种是给出提示词，一种是根据语境自由填写。(2016全国卷)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by_(it)mother.解题思路首先分析句子成分句子缺少定语根据代词用法形容词性物主代词可作定语尝试解答：_its 技法解读1人称代词与物主代词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称主格(作主语)Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格(作宾语)meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词(作定语)myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词(作主语、表语或宾语)mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs2.反身代词(1)第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“-self”(复数加selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加selves)构成。数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves(2)反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语You should learn to be kind to yourself.你要学会善待自己。(3)反身代词的习惯用法adapt oneself to适应；dress oneself自己穿衣；occupy oneself with忙于；devote oneself to致力于；enjoy oneself玩得开心；express oneself表达自己的意思或情感；help oneself随便吃by oneself单独地；of oneself自动地；for oneself为自己。3不定代词(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。(2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some.others.；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。(5)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式是ones。(6)that/those指代前面出现过的名词。that指代单数名词或不可数名词，而those指代复数名词。4it的用法(1)指代时间、天气和距离。(2)代替前文提到过的事物。(3)指代动物、性别不详的婴儿或猜测中不确定的人。(4)代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。(2016四川高考)By that time，the panda no longer needed _(it)mother for food.(2014全国卷)Then the driver stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh，dear!Its _(I)”(2014辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.(2015浙江高考改编)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?its mine it it 冠词、介词、代词填词三标志1冠词填词标志：如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或是有序数词，最高级表示特指意义的比较级，那么空格一般填冠词。注意填写时考虑后面词的开头音素，以元音音素开头填an，以辅音 音素开头填a。2介词填词标志：如果空格后是名词、代词、v.-ing形式或what从句，且不作主语或宾语时，那么空格一般填介词。3代词填词标志：如果空格所在的句子缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。如果缺定语，则考虑填形容词性物主代词。走走 出出 误误 区区易错点1忽略冠词特殊用法Xiamen is_most beautiful coastal city and I believe l will come for_second time.(母题变式)Xiamen is_most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that l will come againaathe 点拨(1)“the most形容词”表示最高级；“a most形容词”没有比较含义，most表示“非常”；(2)“the序数词”表示排序；“a序数词”不表排序，表示“再一，又一”；易错点2混淆代词指代对象(2017松原一模)Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take _out，stay outside with them.(母题变式)Keep your pet inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take _ out，stay outside with it.them it 点拨句中空格部分指代前一句中的pets，故填them；而句中空格部分指代前一句中的pet，故填it。随随 堂堂 训训 练练.单句练习(2015陕西高考改编)_more learned a man is，the more modest he usually becomes.(2014重庆高考改编)I cant tell you _way to the Wilsons because we dont have a Wilson here in the village.(2014陕西高考改编)_ village where I was born has grown into a town.(2015安徽高考改编)They believe that there are transport developments _ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.(2015浙江高考改编)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _animals both on land and sea?The the The around to(2015陕西高考改编)The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.(2015湖北高考改编)This meeting room is a non smoking area.I would like to warn you _advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015陕西高考改编)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.(2015四川高考改编)Niki is always full of ideas，but _is useful to my knowledge.(2015陕西高考改编)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.by in other none it.语篇练习：用适当的冠词、介词或代词填空Have you ever lived abroad?When living overseas in 1._ place where people speak a different language，it can be difficult to make 2._understood even in relatively simple but important areas of life，like shopping and getting 3._town.4._can be really upset trying to ask for 5._in a store or to tell the taxi driver where you are going.Sometimes you may be 6._a loss as to what to do;sometimes you are certain that people understand you but are just pretending that they dont；and other times they made 7._very considerate effort to communicate with you.ayourself around It something at aYou should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed 8._the local foods and the limited sections of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants.Besides，you will experience some stress and anxiety when you are living in 9._different culture with different values from 10._own.You may find that some of your cherished and deeply held values about life may not be equally important to members of your new host culture.to ayour 解析：此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词。解析：句子的逻辑主语是you，因此此处应用yourself。解析：get around为固定短语，意为“到处走走”。解析：trying to ask.where you are driving作真正的主语，故用形式主语it。解析：此处指在商店里购买某物。解析：at a loss为固定短语，意为“困惑不解，不知所措”。解析：make an effort努力，very的第一个音素为辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。解析：get accustomed to为固定短语，意为“习惯于”。解析：此处表示泛指一种完全不同的文化。解析：根据句意和句子主语you可知用your。复复 习习 练练 案案