初中英语代词讲解-PPT.ppt

人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词相互代词相互代词疑问代词疑问代词关系代词关系代词不定代词不定代词一一.概念概念二、分类二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirsmyself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代词是代替名词的一种词类。代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。sth;sb;both;all;no;another,othersItwasIwhometherin.ItwasherwhoImetin.ItishewhoteachesItisuswhoheteaches.He teaches us P.E.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格:I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。但在强调句型中但在强调句型中,被强调的代词的主格宾格保持不变。被强调的代词的主格宾格保持不变。在省略谓语的句子中在省略谓语的句子中,用作主语的人称代词常用宾格用作主语的人称代词常用宾格TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.Iveknownherforyears.A:DoesanyoneknowSusanse-mailaddress?/Whoisondutytoday?/WhohasbeentoJapan?B:Me.I met her in the bar.在用在用than、as表示比较的句子中用主格表示比较的句子中用主格,宾格都可以宾格都可以He is taller than me/I.I can run as fast as he/him.但有时用主格与宾格意义不同，如：但有时用主格与宾格意义不同，如：1.He loves her more than I =He loves her more than I love her.2.He loves her more than me =He loves her more than he loves me.3.I like Bob as much as him.=I like both Bob and him.4.I like Bob as much as he.=I like Bob and he likes Bob,too.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则:二三一二三一人人称称.“我我”总是放在最后总是放在最后,在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序为排列顺序为:you,she/he and I,并列宾格并列宾格:you,her/him and me,3)人称代词的特殊用法：人称代词的特殊用法：we/you 在口语中常用来泛指一般人。在口语中常用来泛指一般人。she,her通常通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。You,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Li asked you,Tom and me to clean the windows.You learn English better if you stay in an English-speaking country.The Titanic,the largest ship at that time started her first journey on a sunny day.China is my motherland,Although she is not rich enough now,I still love her very much.it的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见或只闻其声未见其人的其人的,非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离A:Whos the man beside you in the photo?B:Its my cousin Henry.A:Someone is knocking at the door,Who can it be?B:I bet its Mike.I warned him not to smoke,but it didnt help.Look at the baby,its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today.It never rains but it pours!It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.5)用于强调句用于强调句6)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English well.It is kind/nice of you to help me with my math.I find/think it useful to read English every day.It is our duty to study hard.Its a pleasure for me to play the guitar for you all.It is a pity that you missed the football match.It is said that an traffic accident happened to him last nightIt was reported that a robbery happened here.It seemed that his interview was a success.It doesnt matter what they will say.It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that(强调人可用强调人可用who)+剩余部分剩余部分HeteachesusP.E.Itishewhoteaches/Itisusmakeit（口语）获得成功;takeiteasy从容，不着急letitgo不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么）this/thatisit这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。It takes all sorts to make a world.It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot.He never really made it as an actor before 2000.We still have half an hour,Take it easy!I dont agree with him,but l will it go at that.I overheard her talking about me,but I let it go.Ive been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.Im afraid thats it,we have lost the match!2.物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性:my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,名词性名词性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs adj物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有后面必须有n,只能作定语。只能作定语。n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj词性物主代词词性物主代词+n”既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，Thisisntherpen.Herslooksnewerandcleaner.主语Ilostmybike,CanIuseyours.宾语Lookforyourkeysinyourbag,notinmine.介词宾语:双重属格为双重属格为：a/an,this,that+n+of+n性物主代词性物主代词a friend of mine.each brother of his.形容词形容词own常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气onesown+名词名词=.名词名词ofonesownI have my own car/friends=I have a car/friends of my own.I saw it with my own eyes!含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组ononesown=byoneself独立地，独自地try/doonesbesttodosth竭尽全力做某事loseonesway/temper/life.迷路/发脾气/丧命loseoneshearttosb/sth=fallinlovewith钟情于inonesforties/fifties在某人40/50来岁的时候dooneshomework做作业；inonesopinion依某人看beonesownmaster/mistress独立自主keep/loseonesbalance(因保持/失去平衡而)稳住/倒下Keep/loseoneshead保持镇定/昏头，冲动Keep/breakonespromise信守/违背诺言keep/breakonesword守信/失信,食言eatoneswords承认自己说错话ononeswaytospinonesfree/sparetime在某人的闲暇时光holdonesbreath屏息;loseonesbreath气喘吁吁toonessurprise/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是1).作动词的宾语作动词的宾语Behaveyourselves,children!Weenjoyedourselves=hadagoodtimelastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shesveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.Imconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.3).作表语作表语:Imnotfeelingmyselftoday.Whatswrongwithyou?Youdontlookyourselftoday.4).作同位语，起强调作用作同位语，起强调作用Thebookitselfisgood,butitisntsuitableforyou.Theboyhimselfisnotbadalthoughheisnaughty.3.反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself为自己买calloneselfawriter/JayChou自称作家/周杰论introduceoneself自我介绍；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神贯注于;献身于behaveoneself举止规范;expressoneself表达思想hurtoneself弄伤自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome随便吃/喝点.makeoneselfathome,放松；别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考虑自己多于别人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一样健康byoneself=ononesown独自地;独立地一些常见的包含反身代词的词组一些常见的包含反身代词的词组 指示代词的句法功能指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指示代词指示代词:指示代词的特殊指代功能：指示代词的特殊指代功能：1.介绍别人时要用介绍别人时要用thisis;ThisisMissLi.ThisisTom2.this常指常指下文中要下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指则指上文中提到过的人上文中提到过的人/事物事物有承上的作用。有承上的作用。this,these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。常指时间或空间较远的人或物。I want to tell you this:The party will be put off.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.1 This is the best way to do learn English.2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.4.若用于指代与前面提及的同类事物若用于指代与前面提及的同类事物,若该若该n的修饰语在的修饰语在后后,则多用则多用that(单数单数n和不可数和不可数n),those(复数复数n);ThetrafficonHuminRoadisheavierthanthatonGuilinR.TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinShanghai.Thebookonthedeskisasnewastheone/thatontheshelf.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.3.打电话时打电话时“你你”“我我”不用不用“you”“I”而要用而要用that,this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking.5.that和those可作定语从句的先行词可作定语从句的先行词,those常用来指人常用来指人Wearelookingforthosewhosinganddancewell.Thosewhoalwaysworkhardaresuretosucceed.指示代词还可作限定词指示代词还可作限定词:ThatboyisBob.Thesetreesareours.thismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/Wednesday/autumn/year/termthistime,thisway5.相互代词相互代词eachother,oneanothereachother指两个人指两个人/物之间物之间,oneanother指多个之间指多个之间,但但eachother常用来代替常用来代替oneanother相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词可加相互代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Wewritetoeachother.Treescancommunicatewitheachother.AnnandJaneoftensharesnackswitheachotherAlthoughtheyvetalkedforfivehours,theydontknoweachothersnames.6.疑问代词疑问代词:指人指人:who,whom,whose;指物指物:what;指人指人/物物:which1)疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语位于谓语动词之前动词之前,没有性和数的变化没有性和数的变化,除除who之外也没有格的之外也没有格的变化。变化。who问姓名问姓名/关系关系,what问职业问职业等等2)whom是who的宾格宾格,作动词宾语或介词宾语作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口在口语中可用语中可用who代替代替,但在介词后只能用但在介词后只能用whom,例如：例如：Who(m)didyoumeetonthestreet?（作动词宾语）（作动词宾语）Who(m)willyougivethebookto?（介宾（介宾,置句首）置句首）Towhomdidyouspeakjustnow?3)which指一定范围内一定范围内,而what,who则无范围限制无范围限制Which do you like best?What/Who do you like best?4)what,which,whose还可作限定词还可作限定词。Whatbooksdoyoulikereading?Whichbooksareyours?Whosebookisthis?就划线部分提问就划线部分提问1.Themanwithlonghairisanartist2.Themanhaslonghair3.Thecaroverthereismine.4.Mycarisoverthere.5.SallygaveJohnacardyesterday.6.ItisAugust1st.7.ItisTuesday.8.Itisfoggytoday.Whoisanartist?Whichmanisanartist?Whatisthemanwithlonghair?Whatisyours?Whichcarisyours?Whoseisthecaroverthere?Whosecarisoverthere?Whatisoverthere?WhereisyourcarWhogaveJohnacaryesterday?WhomdidSallygiveacardtoyesterday?WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday?Whohaslonghair?Whatdoesthemanlooklike?9.Thereareabout1,800,000peopleinShanghai?10.Thetrousersare489dollars.11.Kennyistallandstrong,cleverandfriendlyandgoodatsportsandplayingtheguitar.12.YaoMingis226centimetres.13.Heweighs75kilos14.Myhandbagiswhite.HowmanypeoplearethereinShanghai?WhatisthepopulationofShanghai?WhatdoesKennylooklike?HowisKenny?WhatdoyouthinkofKenny?=HowdoyoulikeKenny?WhatisKennylike?HowtallisYaoMing?WhatsYaoMingsheight?Howmuchdoesheweigh?Howheavyishe?Whatshisweight?Howmucharethetrousers?Whatisthepriceofthetrousers?Whatcolorisyourhandbag?*7.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括who,whom,which,whose,that,as.用于指人用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物;as指代整个一句话指代整个一句话1.who,which和和that用作主语用作主语,Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforBeijing.2.whom,which,that用作宾语用作宾语,Theman(whom/that)yousawisafamousactor.Isthisthebook(which/that)youboughtlastweek?3.whose用作定语用作定语,如：如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken.4.as用作主语用作主语/宾语宾语Asweallknow=asisknowntousall,theearthisround.主要有：主要有：由some,any,no和every构成合成代词，something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,=someone,anybody-anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone,还有all,noneany,each,everyone,both,either,neither,one,ones,afew,few,many,alittle,little,much,another,theother,others,theothers,some,any,no等。8、不定代词、不定代词1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Isthereanythingimportantintodaysnewspaper?Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）只能作定语）2)somebody=someone,某人某人anybody=anyone,任何人任何人nobody=noone,没有人没有人everybody=everyone每个人每个人everyoneof=eachoneof某些人某些人/物中的每一个物中的每一个noneof(+复数复数/不可数不可数n)某些人某些人/物中没有一个物中没有一个nothingbutsth=onlysth,nobodybut=onlysb只有某人只有某人Oneshouldntjudgeapersonbyhis/herappearanceorwhathe/shewears.Thereisnothing=notanythingintheroom.Youcanaskmeforanythingifyouneed.Everythingisready,isnt?Thereisnothingbutachairintheroom.NobodybutWendyknowsthesecret.Somebodyiscallingyoudownstairs.Nobodyenteredtheteachersoffice,dothey?Anybodywillhelpyouwhenyoureintrouble.Howmanypearsarethereonthetree?None.Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?None.Noneofthestudentssolvedthemathproblem,didthey?3).one,ones,若被指代的若被指代的n的修饰语在后面，则代词多用的修饰语在后面，则代词多用that(单数单数n)和和those(复数复数n);若此名词为不可数名词若此名词为不可数名词,则只能用则只能用that.Theairinthecountryisfresherthanthatinthecity.Thelightoutsideisbrighterthanthatintheroom.Yourdressisbetterthanthat/theoneintheshop.Hershoesaresimilartotheones/thoseIhadyesterday.Thewindowsofmyroomareasbigastheones/thoseofhis.指代与上文中提到的指代与上文中提到的n同类中的一个同类中的一个/一些一些,单数为单数为one,复数为复数为ones.one(s)可带形容词修饰语或限定词可带形容词修饰语或限定词:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定语从句和定语从句.Thebushasgone,youhavetowaitforthenextone.IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance?Thebluevaseistwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone.YourMp3isnice,Iwillbuyoneatweekends.Theseapplesaretoosmall,doyouhaveanybiggerones?1.Kellysrighteyeisgreen,its_eyeisblue.2.Iamstillhungry,canIhave_cake?3.Doyoumindshowingmesome_pears,thesearetoosmall.4.Thereisonlyoneglove,whereis_?5.Weneed_fivedaystofinishthework.6.Thereremanypeopleinthepark,someareflyingkitessomearetakingawalkand_aresittingonthegrass.7.TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan,_arefromShanghai.othertheotheronetheothers/therestothersanotherotheranother4.another(+单数单数/数字数字+复数复数),又一个又一个/几个几个(泛指泛指)theother两者中的另一个两者中的另一个(前面一般有前面一般有two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,thestreet,parents等暗含等暗含2的的n)others(=other+复数复数),其他的其他的;别的别的,(泛指泛指),多与多与some搭配搭配theothers(=other+复数复数=therest),其他的其他的;剩余的剩余的,(特指特指)与前面提到的部分相加等于全部与前面提到的部分相加等于全部,多与数字多与数字搭配搭配some(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n,(肯定句,或建议请求),any(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句）no复数(+单/复数n/不可数n)没有=notany/notaboth+复数（两者都复数（两者都)=bothof+复数neither+单数（两者都不）单数（两者都不）=of+复数复数either+单数（两者中的任何一个）单数（两者中的任何一个）all+复数复数n/不可数不可数n（三个或三个以上都（三个或三个以上都/所有都）所有都）noneof+复数（三个或三个以上都）复数（三个或三个以上都）any+单数单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）each+单数单数=eachof+pl(多个中的每一个多个中的每一个,强调个体与个性）强调个体与个性）every+单数单数（多个中的每一个（多个中的每一个,强调整体与统一性）强调整体与统一性）Thereretalltreesoneach/everysideofthesquare.Hehasfivesons,butnoneofthemliveswithhim.Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?Either.(Neither,-)There_no_,Whichofyouwouldliketobuysome?alittle(+不可数不可数n)=abitof(milk),(肯定句肯定句,一点点一点点)verylittle(+不可数不可数n)很少很少;onlyalittle仅一点点little(+不可数不可数n)(否定，几乎没有否定，几乎没有)many(+复数复数n)很多很多(既用于否定句既用于否定句,也用于肯定句也用于肯定句)much(+不可数不可数n)很多很多(既用于否定句既用于否定句,也用于肯定句也用于肯定句)afew(+复数n)几个=several/acoupleof few(+复数复数n)几乎没有几乎没有（用于否定句（用于否定句)quiteafew+复数n,相当多的;veryfew;onlyafewWehavemanyclassesandhavetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday,soeachofusfeeltired.ShecanspeaklittleEnglish,justafewsimplewords.Heisamanoffewwords,sohehasfewfriendsShegotquiteafewpresentsbutlittlepleasurefromit.Everystudenthasasetoftextbooks.Eachstudenthashis/herownEnglishname.