仁爱版八年级上册英语语法总复习大纲.doc

八年级上册期末考试复习Unit1 Topic1be going to+V.原型：表示计划、打算、有目的做某事注：以下两种情况不能用该结构(1)临时决定要做某事 e.g. Someone is knocking at the door, and I will open it.(2)客观必然会发生的事，自然规律 e.g. Tomorrow will be Sunday. People will die without water.Unit1 Topic2双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）：指人：间接宾语指物：直接宾语结构：V.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+to sb. e.g. bring me the book=bring the book to meV.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+for sb. e.g. buy me a computer=buy a computer for me可带两个宾语的词：bring, buy, do, give, lend, pass, tell, show, teach, hand, send, write等Would/ Do you mind?Would/ Do you mind+动名词?Would/ Do you mind+ if从句?注：would比do更加委婉should “应该”表示义务、提出或征询建议，后跟动词原型e.g. We should save water.Unit1 Topic3一般将来时：will/ shall+V.原型表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或将来反复发生的动作。表示将来的时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in five years, in the future, next week/month/year注：1.There be句型用于一般将来时：There will be=There is/are going to be 2.一些表示位移的动词可以用进行时表将来：come/ go/ arrive/ leave等Unit2 Topic1情态动词：should(shouldnt),had better(had better not)的用法should表示义务或责任、劝告或建议，“应该做某事”e.g. You should not eat too much meat.had better表示建议，“在目前情况下最好做某事”e.g. You had better go to see a doctor.注：肯、否、一般疑问句式Unit2 Topic2情态动词：must(mustnt), may, can1.(1)must表示必须；must be表示肯定推测 e.g. The man in black shirt must be his father. (2)must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答Yes,主+must. 否定回答No,主+dont/doesnthave to.或No,主+neednt.e.g. Must she study hard? Yes, she must. No, she doesnt have to. (3)mustnt表示禁止，不允许 e.g. Students mustnt cheat in the exam.2.(1)can表示能力 e.g. Birds can fly. (2)can表示邀请、允许、请求等，意为“可以，能够”e.g. Can you come to my birthday party? (3)can在否定句和疑问句中表示可能性 e.g. He cant be that boys father.3.(1)may表示允许，意为“可以” e.g. May I come in? (2)may表示推测，意为“可能” e.g. She may be still waiting for us. (3)may表示祝愿 e.g. May you have a happy weekend.Unit2 Topic3情态动词must和have to1. must (1)表示必须，强调说话者的主观看法 e.g. You must take care of your parents. (2)表示一定（肯定性推测） e.g. He must be at home. (3)表示劝告,必须要做某事,表明事情的必要性与重要性e.g.You must do more exercise. (4)mustnt表示不允许，禁止 e.g. You mustnt play on the road.2.have to表示不得不，必须，强调客观的需要e.g. If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.e.g. He has to leave now.反身代词:(1)作代词或介词的宾语 (2)作主语或宾语的同位语Unit3 Topic1used to的用法:(1)used to +V.原型“过去常常做某事”，可以与but now, but notany more, but notany longer连用，现在和过去形成对照e.g. I used to watch TV, but now I have to study.否定句 (usednt/ used not) /(didnt use) to do sth.; 一般疑问句used/did开头e.g. He usednt to get up early./ He didnt use to get up early.e.g. Did you use to be afraid of the dark?(2)usedto+be+adj.“过去常常存在的状态，但现在情况已变”e.g. He used to be short, didnt he?注：be used to doing sth./ get used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于”e.g. He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early.Unit3 Topic2感叹句(1)What +(a/an)+adj.+主+谓！e.g. What a cute boy he is ! What fine weather it is!(2)How+ adj./adv.+主+谓！e.g. How tall she is！ How fluently she speaks English!Unit3 Topic3过去进行时：表示在过去某一具体时间或某一段时间正在进行的动作主要结构：was/ were +V.ing常用时间状语：then, at this/that time yesterday, at nine last nighte.g. I was doing my homework at nine last night.Unit4 Topic1&Topic2形容词的比较级和最高级1、21.用于人或事物之间的比较，两个人或事物进行比较时，用比较级，表示“较”或“更一些”2.用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较时，用最高级，表示一群人或事物中，其中一个“最”3.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化： a.一般在词尾加-er或-est e.g. smaller/smallest younger/youngest b.以e结尾的词加-r或-st e.g. nicer/nicest c.以“辅音字母+y结尾的词”，变y为i再加-er或-est e.g. happier/happiestd.“辅+元+辅”结构的单词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er或-est e.g. bigger/biggest e.多音节和部分双音节词，要在原级前加more或most构成比较级或最高级 (2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterBestbad/ill/badlyworseWorstlittlelessLeastmany/muchmoreMostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest4.用法 (1)比较级a.“比较级+than” e.g. Cats aremore lovely than other animals.b.“less+原级+than” e.g. This article is less difficult than that one.c.“比较级+than+ any other+单数名词” e.g. He is taller than any other boy in his class.d.“比较级+and+比较级” e.g. She is becoming more and more beautiful.e.“the+比较级，the+比较级” e.g. The more, the better. f.“the+比较级+of the two” e.g. He is the taller of the two.注：如果比较对象相同，可再用that/those代替第二个比较对象e.g. The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan. The eggs in this basket are more than those in that basket.比较级可用much, a little, a lot, even等修饰，使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确e.g. He runs much faster than me. Chickens are much smaller than cows.(2)最高级a.“the+最高级+比较范围”（比较范围常用of, in, among引导的短语表达）e.g. She is the oldest of these children. Lily is the youngest in her class.b.“the+序数词+adj.最高级+名词”e.g. The yellow river is the second longest river in China.c.“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”e.g. This river is one of the longest rivers in our hometown.d.“the+最高级”e.g. Monday is the busiest day.注：最高级前要加定冠词the，但如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词，名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词。e.g. Jack is my best friend.Unit4 Topic3宾语补足语：补充宾语的成份，通常置于宾语之后，宾语和宾语补足语共同构成复合宾语，句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1.可以跟宾语补足语的动词有：make, let, ask, invite, wish, want, help (1) make sb. v./adj./n. let sb. v. (2)ask/ invite/ want/ wish/tell sb. to do sth. (3)help (to) do sth.2.可以用作宾语补足语的词及短语名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语e.g. We selected him our monitor. The Internet makes the world smaller. She wants her mother back. I left my key at home. She often asks me to help her. I hear the bird singing.