英语三级考试阅读技巧.doc

(完整word)英语三级考试阅读技巧叮嘱的是：在做阅读题时,在不会做的情况下，建议尝试以下提供的技巧，即使自己做出的阅读题，也可以借鉴这些技巧进行参考.但有一点需要强调,技巧尽管经常有效,但最好不要机械的照搬,自己会做的尽量自己做。只有在不会做或拿不准的情况下充分利用这些技巧。为了使考生充分领悟,我结合历年的真题给演示。可以拿出真题进行核对。 之后再运用这些技巧把最近几次考试 拿出来做。阅读，一般来说你得把文章读懂才能做题，但三级考试做题的关键不在于读文章,而在于分析题目。把题目分析好，再结合我后面说的这几条。 如果技巧运用的好，30分的阅读理解一般不会低于22分，加上后面的10分英译汉，一般得分30分以上不是很难指望的事，这样的话整个及格的分数就有了保障. 务必把握这点. 考试的难度总的来说要比正常英语考试容易得多，我为什么这样说呢，实际上它在题目设计时就已经充分考虑了这些学生的特点，有意识地从命题上把难度降低了。从题型本身来讲，比如说第一个，很明显，没有写作。另外，从这几个题来看，比如说阅读，阅读里很少有难以回答的问题，就是那些所谓的绕弯的题就很少,一般来说，根据我们讲的做题技巧、办法，一般来说都能做出.整体说讲，15题里面每年当中难的也就一两个，其他的都可以做出，主要是看懂文章大体意思。这是一个。阅读部分 步骤 一、 先通读文章 达到两个目的：第一，对文章内容的把握。第二,有印象，看题目找答案时更容易找到答案。 二、看题目 要学会识别各种不同题型然后采取不同的应对策略 1。 主旨大意题 所占的比例偏多，阅读 15道题,每篇文章至少有一个主旨大意题,分布有特点，要么第一题要么第五题,所占比例差不多为三分之一。本次考试预计会占到40%的比例。 主旨大意题又分为两种：这篇文章谈论了点什么；用什么样的题目最合适 解题时要注意两个关键点：第一、一定要把握文章的前两句话，主要信息点也往往会包含在前俩句话中。有时也可能是文章中的最后两句话。做到掐头去尾，尤其是要注重头。第二、在做题过程中要通读文章，就是先把文章中的大意先了解，做到心中有数。两者结合在一起，确定文章主旨大意题型就会没问题。例如: 2012年11月真题 第5题 关于主旨大意 最适合的标题是什么 可以从文章的前俩句话中得出. 2. 细节题 要确定题目中的关键词 然后快速寻找文章中答案的位置。一定要注意题的题号和文章内容出现的先后顺序是一致的。例如 2012.11 第三题 细节题 3. 正误判断题 (是特殊的细节题） 千万不要搞错是true还是not true 正误判断题所包含的面比较广，分布比较大，涉及的自然段比较多。 细节题和正误判断题本次考试占百分之四十到五十。 4。 词汇题 第一种是词的含义 第二种是指代（ it that 指代什么内容 ） 找到原文相对应的信息,有的一眼就能看出，有时可以将四个选项都代替一下，看看能否使文章通顺。总之要先通读文章，获取文章整体意义,不要在细节上下功夫,再确定题目类型，然后采用不同的做题策略。要注意几点：一、先做简单有把握的题目，5个题目之间是存有内在关系的，先做容易的题目会使自己理解更加清晰，对做难题有帮助性。二、阅读文章题材没有那么深刻，和日常生活社会相关，尤其是热点问题,具有很强的生活气息和时代感，要注意利用你的背景知识。例如,2010.05 第一题 利用常识很容易做出来。三、把握文章的写作目的：1. 描述一种事实（周围所发生的事情)2. 劝说别人一种道理（做好事，符合道德规范）四、有意识注意题目的长度，最长的题目包含的信息量最多，是答案的可能性也越大。 提醒：本次考试如果不出意外的话,没有推论题, 需要强调：一个基本的前提是英语水平。单靠做题那是不行的，给大家讲做题技巧只是为了在你原有的基础上提高你,而不会说给你做题技巧你就什么都不会就能把考试通过.那不可能，这个一定要有基础。相信大家在之前一个多月里听了系统强化班和龙老师讲基础性的光盘后，应该有这个基础。另外一个，应该集中把精力放在前面三部分:阅读；词汇和语法；以及挑错。 在复习的时候一定要把重点放在前三项。阅读，一般来说你得把文章读懂才能做题，但三级考试做题的关键不在于读文章,而在于分析题目。把题目分析好，然后再结合我后面说的这几条。第一个，三级考试所承载的是阅读文章的内容，所以要求你在考试做题时一定要充分利用自己的百科和背景知识。二,这些文章无非就是两个目的，一个目的是教人向善，教人干好事，向正面方向发展。第二，传播知识而不是歪门邪道.为什么这个讲法呢，你在选项里面如果是违法了基本的伦理道德违法了常识性的东西,这个选项一般是错的。打个比方说，看这个08年11月份这个卷子,看第二篇文章关于吸烟,看这些题目甚至不用看文章根据常识都能做出题。比如第6题,All the following cases are onthejob smoking except that-.A. an employer smokes while working in the officeB. a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC. a worker smokes while working in the workshopD. a worker smokes while reading in the train就是说在工作时吸烟，所以的情况除了哪个是在工作时吸烟,那很简单是D 。其他的A一个老板在办公室吸烟，那肯定A是在工作时吸烟.B一个出租车司机在开车的时候吸烟，C一个工人在车间里吸烟，那都是在工作时吸烟。所以说，这个连文章都不用读。同样的，7、8、9、10都是一样的,9更可笑,Passive smoking means-A. never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB. never-smokers have to put up with the active smokersC. neversmokers take in smoke released by a lit cigaretteD. never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers被动吸烟意味着,那肯定选D。第10 题,in the second part of the passage， the author suggests banning（禁止）onthejob smoking so as to-A. cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB. create a healthy and safe working environmentC. prevent eye-irritation from becoming a big health problemD. improve the smoking employees work efficiency工作时禁止吸烟它的目的是什么，那很简单,就是B创造一个健康安全的工作环境。就是说一定要充分利用常识。文章读不读谁都知道吸烟怎么样怎么样.这个呢，把问题分析好了后不用看文章都能做出题。另外，我再讲个例子。09年4月份第5题,它问的是什么呢,最后一段的主旨大意是什么，The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should-A. differ from others in as many way as possibleB. become popular with othersC. find his real selfD. rebel against his parent and the popularity wave说青少年应该怎么样,D说青少年应该rebel against his parent and the popularity wave应该反叛他们的父母,这甚至是违反伦理的,哪有作者教孩子应该和人父母作对的，是不是？通常说和父母沟通但不能和父母作对，这个是违反伦理的。教人向善不可能是这个.再看A。 differ from others in as many way as possible就是说要尽可能与众不同，怎么能说尽可能让青少年和别人不一样呢,是不是？事实上这些是违反人的基本常识和规律的。再看第14个，第14个According to Eijkman， polished rice-A. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing(有营养的）than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolished riceD. cured “beriberi”他如果懂得polished rice（粳米）他就不可能选A，谁都知道粳米比粗米要贵。类似于这样的东西一定要充分利用自己的常识.这是做题要注意的一点。要充分利用自己的百科和背景知识。另外,要注意选项的长度。4个选项最长的那个是正确答案现在看来这个比例还是比较大的.不是100。比如09年，08年的题好多属于这个情况，但也有意外，比如2012年11月的真题就不是这个情况。提到这点，不是让大家糊涂了，只是提醒大家一定不要一开始机械性的套用这些技巧，一定要在你犹豫不决或者不会的情况下考虑。比如我们讲技巧是让大家认识到，我给你说这个是让你做题的成功可能性更高，而不是完全靠这个就把所有问题解决了。09年4月的题看下，1、2、6、8、9、14都是最长的选项是正确的。总共15个题占了6个.在选的时候长的这个要先考虑。08年的这个最长的选项是答案所占的比例非常高，占了近50。另外，表示极端的,基本上像含有only， no, every这些选项要慎选。再打个比方看着第3题，Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. There is no popularity that really counts。B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority。C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates。D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same.一看就是A不对,为什么呢，因为它有no太绝对了。再看第5个，A. differfrom others in as many way as possible这个也是太极端，一看就是不对的。再看第8个，According to Paragraph 2， without computer-A. human activities could not continueB. there could not be weather forecasting systemsC. many activities would have to change their present formD. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing看A. human activities could not continue人类行为不能进行。第二项，there could not be weather forecasting systems将会没有天气预报系统,这也是人的背景知识,表示极端的，为什么呢，没有计算机人就不活动了？没有计算机以前人不照样活动吗？同样，人没有计算机前就没有天气预报吗？D。 banks would not be able to go on with check clearing说银行，银行早就有了，计算机才有多长时间的事？这个很容易把它排除了。再看第9According to the passage, what results from the information of computers？A. After retraining, all employees in the firm get new jobs。B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts。C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activitie其中A After retraining， all employees in the firm get new jobs。和C The firm keeps all of its original staff members.这种表述极端的一般都排除掉。再看15题，The chemical substance missing from polished rice-A. was vitamin BB. did not affect the chickensC. was named the Eijkman vitaminD. has never been accurately identifiedD。 has never been accurately identified这个选项一看就是错的。 另外，如果有两个选项意义恰好相反,一般答案就在这里。14题，According to Eijkman， polished rice-A. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolished riceD. cured “beri-beri”B选项和C选项两个正好相反，这个里面一般来说答案就在这两个当中的一个.08年11月也有类似这样的,看第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that-.A. an employer smokes while working in the officeB. a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC. a worker smokes while working in the workshopD. a worker smokes while reading in the trainC和D 两个选项,一个 smokes while working，一个smokes while reading。像这个一般答案就在这里。我的意思就是一定要分析选项，分析题干。我再选一个例子，09年4月第1题，第一题是主旨大意题，全文的主旨大意题，1。 The authors purpose in writing this passage is to tell-A. readers how to be popular with people aroundB. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselvesC. parents how to control and guide their childrenD. people how to understand and respect each other问作者的写作目的是为了告诉谁怎么样,这个题目你看文章是给谁写的，看第1段，At your age， you ought to be growing away from your parents。you.”your”是谁啊,就是青少年。所以说告诉谁，看A、B、C、D四个选项，从A readers, B。 teenagers， C parents, D people这四个词判断出答案为B。因为它不是告诉读者的，也不是告诉父母的，也不是告诉人们的， 是告诉青少年的.再看第2题，According to the author， many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them-A. have much difficulty understanding each otherB. lack confidenceC. dare not cope with any problems aloneD. are very much afraid of getting lost这个题前后的题干According to the author， many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own， but in fact most of them-已经包含了答案。为什么说已经包含了答案呢，前半部分many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own，后面部分有了but in fact most of them,表转折,一转折，选项肯定和它相反的,哪一个和它相反呢,就是C， 别的都不行.A，大家相互理解有困难。C,没有信心。D，害怕走路走丢了.从题干不用读文章就知道是C。然后再看到第3个,Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？A. There is no popularity that really counts.B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority。C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates。D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same.我们刚才说了，一看到绝对的词A。 no popularity是错误的，就是它。 看第5个，The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should-A. differ from others in as many way as possibleB. become popular with othersC. find his real selfD. rebel against his parent and the popularity waveA不对，D也肯定不对，就是在B和C两个选项中。所以说研究题目题干也很重要。通过研究题干要干什么事情?第一个，先确定重点选项，看哪个最有可能。确定好题目类型。接着看第6题,The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from-A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introductionB. their use as part of automated production systemsC. the least possible number of operatorsD. the production system in steelworkers对电脑不友好的感觉来自于什么，这是题干.选项第1，最长的这个说因为有了计算机有可能导致大规模的失业，因为什么呢，计算机来了，它们可以干好多事情,这个从常识上来说这是个好事情，因为它们能干好多事情,人们能省力了,那干嘛要对它有不好的感情呢。C，the least possible number of operators,减少操作员，省人了为什么不好呢?B，their use as part of automated production systems,它们作为自动化生产系统的一部分。然后D又说在生产系统里的钢铁工人.为什么人们对它们不友好呢？因为它们把人的工作代替了，导致人失业.所以选A。再看第8，According to Paragraph 2， without computer-A human activities could not continueB.there could not be weather forecasting systemsC。many activities would have to change their present formD。banks would not be able to go on with check clearing刚才我已经说了,A、B、D不合情理.说没有计算机人就不活动，没有计算机就没有天气预报，没有计算机银行就不工作了?那都不合理吧?所以说答案只能是C. 再看下面一题，第9题，According to the passage， what results from the information of computers?A. After retraining, all employees in the firm get new jobs.B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members。D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activitiesA和C 它怎么可能经过培训之后所有人都找到新的工作呢?“所有的”这样的词一般是不对。只有B和D有可能，但是呢，D又比B要长一点，根据经验我们会选D。再看下面一篇，讲食物的，一看这篇文章，讲维他命。第11题A good mixed diet-A. normally contains enough vitaminsB. still needs special provision of vitaminsC. is suitable for losing weightD. is composed of fruits and vegetables很快可把C和D排除掉，就剩下A和B.再看12 The disease “beriberi-A. kills large numbers of Eastern peoplesB. is a vitamin deficiency(缺乏） diseaseC. is caused by diseased riceD. can be caught from diseased chickens又是维他命的，B，其他连考都不考虑。它讲维他命的事吗，因为文章一开始就说The vitamins necessary for a healthy body “.下面一个13题说,The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard-A. couldnt digest the polished riceB. proved “beriberi” is caused by germsC. were later cooked for the patients foodD. were suffering from “beri-beri”这些一个说它不能消化又说是因为病菌引起的,肯定不对，但这篇文章都是在讲维他命的。C项文章没提到，所以只能选D。第14题，According to Eijkman， polished rice-A. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolished riceD. cured “beriberi”B和C这两个选项正好相反。其实我们如果知道粗米，原来大家不都知道这个事吗，米淘洗了以后缺少维生素，然后人得脚气。还记得吗？就这个事。这是人的常识，咱们都知道的。 下面15题，The chemical substance missing from polished rice-A. was vitamin BB. did not affect the chickensC. was named the Eijkman vitaminD. has never been accurately identified还是讲维他命的.根据我们常识说，得脚气就是因为维他命B。这个还用阅读文章吗？所以说做阅读题要研究题干,充分利用你的背景知识。综合来说，做阅读理解，第一，浏览全文，搞清楚这篇文章讲什么，弄清文章意思。就像那个讲维他命的,搞清楚讲维他命缺乏就行了。第二点,研读题目。仔细地研读题目再确定题干内容和重点。你看08年11月第1题，Who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy？A. Indian energy officialsB. Scientists in India.C. Officials in the United Nations。D. Researchers in European它问谁先想到用它来提供能量，这个很容易知道是B嘛。下面一个2 Which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. pulling vehiclesB. plowing fieldsC. pumping water out of wellsD. carrying food baskets实际上bullocks是一种动物，它提供能量，它提供这个能量干什么呀，看这4个选项，A拉运输工具，B耕地，C从井里取水，D背着食物筐.哪一个?哪一个需要能源?这个vehicles就是汽车呀，驱动汽车需不需要能源?耕地需不需要？从井里取水需不需要?都需要。就背食物它不需要. 第三题，Why are bullocks used to provide energy in India?A. because bullocks have long been used by Indian people。B. Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to control。C. Because there are few nonworking bullocks in India.D. Because there is not enough oil in India。为什么在那里（印度）用bullocks提供能源？A因为这个小牛长期以来就被印度人使用，这个选项可以排除因为第一句话就说印度科学家发明了一个东西，发明的就不是原来的，对不对？B更不行，它说小牛走得慢控制也容易，那老牛不是走得更慢？C说在印度没有多少不工作的牛,这个完全不搭边。只有D，因为印度没有足够的石油，所以在没有足够石油的情况下只好用小牛。第4题，In the sentenceThis simple technology is centuries old in paragraph one， “This simple technology refers to-A. using bullocks to produce energyB. using pumps to draw water outC. having bullocks walk around to make the pump moveD. connecting gears of different sizes to produce electricity这个简单的技术有几个世纪长了，这个“simple technology”指的什么呢?就是C，牛围着跑就是让它发电。第5题，Which of the following is true about the device mentioned in the passage？A. It has a large gear and a smaller gear.B. Its easy to use, but difficult to move。C. Its quite cheap.D. Its still being tested。这个device就是那个发明，这个一看就是D. 第6题,All the following cases are on-thejob smoking except that-。A. an employer smokes while working in the officeB. a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC. a worker smokes while working in the workshopD. a worker smokes while reading in the train这个讲过的,C和D哪一个不是on-thejob smoking,A，雇主在办公室吸烟，B，出租车司机开车时吸烟,C，工人在车间吸烟。这几个都是工作时吸烟。 第7题，According to the passage， on-the-job smoking affects an empoyees performance in the office that-A. he cant concentrate on what he is doing while smokingB. he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-roomC. he often asks for sick leave as a result of too much smokingD. he takes a rest from time to time because of eye irritationB项，他跑出去到休息室去吸烟这不就耽误了工作么。第8题,Many managers do not seem to be in favor of onthejob smoking mainly because it-A. reduces productivity of the company to a certain degreeB. does harm to the health of never-smokers of the companyC. affects the relationship between smokers and non-smokersD. makes the breakrooms more crowded and more polluted很多经理不赞成在工作时吸烟原因是A降低了公司的生产效率，其他的像B给不吸烟的人造成损害,C影响吸烟者和不吸烟者之间的关系，D让休息室更加拥挤，都不正确。从实际上看，老板就是关心员工是不是在干活。 第9题，Passive smoking means-A. neversmokers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB. neversmokers have to put up with the active smokersC. neversmokers take in smoke released by a lit cigaretteD. never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers被动吸烟，这个答案为D,前面说过。 第10 题，in the second part of the passage， the author suggests banning（禁止）onthe-job smoking so as to-A. cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB. create a healthy and safe working environmentC. prevent eye-irritation from becoming a big health problemD. improve the smoking employees work efficiency工作时禁止吸烟它的目的是什么,那很简单，就是B创造一个健康安全的工作环境。 做题的步骤，题应该准备怎么做， 拿到卷子以后，首先通读文章，一定要弄清楚内容要点，以及内容要点之间的逻辑关系,举个例子,2010年的第一篇文章,主要讲考古和历史的差别，考古和历史有什么区别？考古靠实物历史靠文献.考古靠一些硬的东西,比如骨头。血，肉，内脏都被细菌作用都腐烂了。紧接着讲了一个重要发现，英国有一个地方叫Lindow，发现保留完整罗马时期的尸体，肉被藏都被保留着，为什么会保留呢？因为那里是沼泽地，有水，细菌就不容易存活，尸体就保留下来了,所以说考生拿到题以后一定要把这节要点的逻辑关系搞清楚，理解之后在做题的时候就有几个基本