（中考必胜）考前冲刺专讲专练.doc

考前冲刺专讲专练（一）
名 词
对名词的考查通常在试题中占10%左右，主要是名词的数的变化（特别是不规则变化的名词复数）、可数名词和不可数名词的区别以及名词所有格的运用。最近几年，分辨词义也常考到。
一、 可数名词和不可数名词
1、 可数名词
可数名词是表示可以计算的人或事物的名词。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种。复数名词由“单”数名词通过变化而来，其变化有规则和不规则两种。
A、 规则变化
（1） 一般在词尾加-s. 如:dog→dogs.
（2） 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加-es。
如：bus→buses, box→boxes,watch→watches, wish→wishes
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；
如: country→countries, city→cities
（4）以o结尾的名词多数直接加-s，只有potato，tomato，negro，hero等少数名词加-es构成复数。
（5）以f，fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v再加-es。
如：knife→knives, shelf→shelves
如果名词以“元音字母+y”结尾，则直接在名词的后面加-s构成复数。
如：toy→toys,day→days
B、 不规则变化
（1） 少数名词的变化是不规则的。
如 tooth→teeth, man→men, woman→women, child→children
（2） 在表示某国人的名词中，Chinese和Japanese这两个词的单、复数形式相同。 如：a Chinese→two Chinese
（3） 还有其它一些单、复数相同的名词。如：deer→deer, sheep→sheep, fish→fish（fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式也可以为fishes）
（4） 有些名词只以复数形式出现。如：clothes,trousers，glasses这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语动词要用复数。
如：My clothes are newer than yours.
（5） 有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。如：maths，physics.
（6） 有些复合名词变成复数时，只将复合名词的主体词变为复数。但当man，woman作定语构成的复合名词变复数时，前后两部分都要变复数。
如：a boy student→two boy students. A woman doctor →six women doctors.
（7） 一些集体名词以单数形式出现，但实际上为复数。如：people, police,等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police,但可以说a person, a policeman。
[特别提示]
family也是一个集体名词，指一个家庭的整体时，用作单数，谓语动词用单数形式；强调家庭成员个体时，用作复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His family is a happy one.
The family are enjoying themselves in the party.
2、不可数名词
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的人或事物的名词。不可数名词没有复数，也不能与不定冠词a,an连用。若要表示数量，需要加适当的单位名词或单位名词词组。如用含of的词组表示，其数的变化应表现在单位名词上。
如：a piece of paper→two pieces of paper
有些物质名词要根据上下文来决定是可数名词还是不可数名词。
如：A tiger ate a chicken.（a chicken一只鸡——可数名词）
I like to eat some chicken.（chicken鸡肉——不可数名词）
A glass is made of glass.（a glass一个玻璃杯——可数名词；glass玻璃——不可数名词）
二、 名词所有格
名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式称为名词的所有格。
1、 名词所有格一般由下列方法构成：
（1） 一般情况下在名词后加“’s”。如：Tom’s book.
（2） 若是以-s结尾的复数名词，在后s加“’”即可。
如Teachers’ Day。不以s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，则仍按惯例加“’s”。
如：Children’s Day。
2、关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
（1）名词所有格表示地点时，后面的名词常可以省去。
如：to my uncle’s（去我叔叔家），at the doctor’s（在诊所）
（2）表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加“’s”即可。如：Lucy and Lily’s room（两人共同的房间）如果表示两者各自所属关系，应该在每个后面加“’s”，这时所修饰的名词要用复数。如：Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms（两人均有自己的房间）
（3）名词表示无生命的东西时，其所有格形式一般由of加名词构成。
如：a map of China.
（3） 名词的双重所有格。“of+名词’s”这种形式称为名词的双重所有格，常用来表示整体的一部分。
如：He is a friend of Li Ming’s。（他是李明的一位朋友。）

名词专项练习
I． 从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
( )1. I wanted to explain, but he didn’t give me any .
A. excuse B. chance C. way D. choice
( )2. You should brush your before you go to bed .
A. tooth B. tooths C. toothes D. teeth
( )3. They have much colored . Let’s go and ask for some .
A. rulers B. paper C. erasers D. sharpeners
( )4. There are few in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots
and cabbages.
A. meat B. bread C. fruit D. vegetables
( )5. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s
( )6. Yang Jie wants to be a singer. She thinks it’s an interesting .
A. work B. job C. art D. class
( )7. The guide has . She will show them to us .
A. some old paper B. some special food
C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures
( )8. Three quarters of the earth sea .
A. is B. are C. were D. been
( )9. There are in my basket .
A. many tomato B. much tomatoes C. many tomatos D. lots of tomatoes
( )10. Children should make for old people on a bus .
A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room
( )11. My English teacher is a friend of .
A. Sally’s mother’s B. Sally mother C. Sally mother’s D. mother’s of Sally
( )12. I stayed at yesterday .
A. my uncle’s family B. of my uncles’ C. my uncle D. my uncle’s
( )13. The young man over there is brother.
A. Kate’s and Mary’s B. Kate’s and Mary
C. Kate and Mary’s D. Kate and Mary
( )14. The summer holiday is a good time to .We can go swimming,
climb hills or play football.
A. do homework B. take exercise C. do housework D. do exercises
( )15. She wanted to visit her teacher for about her plan .
A. advice B. an advice C. advices D. the advices
( )16. I’m thirsty . Would you give me some ?
A. cakes B. bread C. water D. eggs
( )17. There are some students and teachers in the classroom.
A. girls; women B. girl; women C. girl; woman D. girls; woman
( )18. There are a lot of down there but hardly any .
A. sheeps; people B. sheep; people
C. sheeps; peoples D. sheep; peoples
( )19. —Would you like tea ?
—No, thanks. I have drunk two .
A. any; bottles of orange B. some; bottle of oranges
C. many; bottles of oranges D. some; bottles of orange
( )20. —How long does it take to get to the hospital?
—It’s walk .
A. five minute’s B. five-minutes C. five minutes’ D. five minutes

Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1、There are some (Germany). They are from Berlin.
2、Which (invent) has changed the world greatly, the TV or the computer ?
3、The (fly) to Taiyuan leaves at 16:46 on the fifth of November.
4、I hope the (friend) between us will last for ever.
5、Please pay attention to your (pronounce).
6、Have you made a (decide) yet ?
7、The (leaf) are falling down to the ground.
8、Hard work is the key to (succeed).
9、There are three (car) factories in my hometown.
10、Please give me a (describe) of your English teacher.
Ⅲ、用方框中所给名词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。

People, knife, clock, tooth, foot, policeman
Potato, city, watch, glass, baby, milk, boy

1、There are some for supper in the basket.
2、Two are standing there. They are on duty.
3、Look! There are a lot of on the shelf.
4、The baby’s first is just appearing.
5、These and are made in this .
6、There are two in the picture. They are lovely.
7、I often go to work by bus, but sometimes on .
8、We would like three of and a cup of tea.
9、There are so many in the room. It’s too crowded.
10、It’s a big family . There are two and three girls in it .

代词
在英语中代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词等。在全国各地每年中考中，对代词的考查除人称代词外，主要考查物主代词、疑问代词和不定代词的用法。但是在复习代词时应特别注意人称代词的主格、宾格，物主代词名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词的用法和区别等。
一、 分类
我们通常用到以下几个种类的代词：
种类
单 数
复 数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
人
称
代
词
主格
I
you
he,
she,it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her,it
us
you
them
物
主
代
词
形容
词性
my
your
his,her
its
our
your
their
名词
性
mine
yours
his,
hers，its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itsself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
指示代词
this, that等
these, those等
疑问代词
who, whom. whose, what, which等
关系代词
who, whom, whose, which, that等
不定代词
each, everyone, everybody, everything, some, someone,
somebody, something, few, a few, little, a little 等
二、 用法
1、人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语、表语时用宾格。人称代词并列使用时顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。
如：You,he and I all like English.
2、 物主代词有两种形式：一种是形容词性物主代词，在句中只能充当定语，相当于一个形容词；另一种是名词性物主代词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，相当于一个名词。如：
Everybody must do his work well.
These rulers are not ours. They are theirs.
3、 注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。
如：These books are mine. Hers are over there.（这里hers=her books）
This is not our room. Ours is over there.（这里ours=our room）
4、 “of+名词性物主代词”表示所属。
如：a sister of his.（他的一个妹妹）
A friend of mine.（我的一个朋友）
5、 反身代词主要用作宾语，尤其当主语和宾语同指一个人时。有时也可用作主语或宾语的同位语，有时还可作表语。
如：The little girl could dress herself when she was two.
Mary herself opened the door.
The girl in the picture is herself.
6、 疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句子的最前面，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：
Who told you this ?
What did you see just now ?
What is this ?
Which sport do you like best ?
7、 关系代词常用来引导定语从句，在定语从句中可作主语、定语、宾语或表语。如：
The man who lives in that house is my uncle .
This is the pen whose point is broken .
The man whom you met yesterday is friendly .
She is no longer the girl who she used to be .
8、 不定代词大多可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。它们的用法如下：
（1） some系列的词项是肯定词，用于肯定句，表示肯定意义；any系列的词项是非肯定词，用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句，表示非肯定的意义。如：
There is something wrong with him .
There isn’t anyone in the street .
（2） some和any两类词项在很大程度上取决于全句的内在含义和说话人的意图。当说话人表达请求、建议或带有肯定意图时，不管句子形式如何，都可用some系列词项。如：
Would you like something to eat ?
Why don’t you ask someone to help you ?
（3） anyone,anybody表示“任何人”，anything表示“任何事情”，可用于肯定句。如：He is better than anyone else in this sport.
（4） 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如：Everyone in China likes the Spring Festival .
（5） 形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词通常放在不定代词之后。
如：After the long walk I wanted to drink something cold .
Don’t do anything stupid .
9、 几组不定代词的区别
Each, every
each和every都有“每个”的意思，但它们在用法上有所不同。
（1） each着重于个别的含义。every着重于全体的含义，和的意思相近。如：
（2） each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是ecery却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两个。
（3） every只能用作定语，each不仅可以作定语，而且能作主语、宾语和同位语。
A few / few , a little/ little
（2） a few ,few用来修饰可数名词，其中表示“有一些”，表示否定，意为“几乎没有”。A little,little用来修饰不可数名词，其中a little表示“有一些”，little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”。如：
There are a little milk left in the bottle .
There is little food in the fridge. Let’s buy some in the supermarket .
There are a few apples on the tree .
He doesn’t get along well with others . so he has few friends here .
（2） quite a few 和quite a little表示“相当多”；very few和very little表示“很少”。
None, no one
（1） none表示对三个或三个以上的人或事物的否定，意为“没有什么人”或“没有什么东西”，用作主语和宾语，既指人又指物，后面可以接of短语，常用来回答how many引起的问句。
如：—How many students are there in the classroom ?
—None.
I liked none of the books.
（2）no one意为“无一人”，“没有人”，仅指人（=nobody），常用来回答who的提问。
如：No one attended the meeting yesterday .
—Who is in the classroom?
—No one.
All, whole
（1）all与复数名词连用时，意为“所有”；与单数名词连用时，意为“整个的”，“全部的”。如：
All my teachers.
All day .
（2）whole的后面大多接单数名词，它一般不能与物质名词连用，不可以说the whole money,应该说all the money。如：
The whole village went out to welcome us .
（3）all与whole在名词短语中的位置是不同的。all用在冠词、物主代词或其它限定词之前，whole则用在这些词之后。如：
All the afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.
The whole afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things .

代词专项练习
Ⅰ、从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
( )1.Tom’s card is much more beautiful than .
A. our B. their C. mine D. her
( )2.Would you please buy some salt for me ? There is left .
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
( )3.It snowed heavily this morning ,but of us was late for school.
A. both B. all C. none D. no
( )4.Mr liu teachers Chinese.
A．we B. our C. us D. ourselves
( )5. I can’t find my pen . I have to buy again .
A. it B. one C. few D. any
( )6.We found hard to sleep in such a noisy night.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
( )7. Her parents went to the Great Wall last week.
A. both B. all C. neither D. either
( )8. I learned English all by .
A. himself B. myself C. themselves D. yourself
( )9. If this magazine is not yours, can it be ?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
( )10. The weather in Qingdao is much warmer than in Beijing.
A. it B. that C. this D. one
( )11. Is this the school in she studied ten years ago ?
A. that B. whom C. what D. which
( )12. Follow me please. I don’t want to be lost .
A. nobody B. any of you C. every of you D. no one
( )13. If you want to change your room for a double room, you’ll have to pay
＄15 .
( )14. The work is very easy. Can do it .
A. Someone B. anybody C. noboday D. No one
( )15. Many girls are singing while are dancing in the classroom.
A. the other B. others girls C. others D. other of the girls
( )16. Not in my school plays basketball, Some of them like playing
football.
A. all B. everyone C. nobody D. someone
( )17. My pen is broken. Can I borrow ?
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
( )18. spoke to me when I met them .
A. All the students B. The all students
C. Whole the students D. The whole students
( )19. gave me a nice present for my birthday .
A. Every of my uncles B. Every my uncles
C. Each of my uncles D. Each of uncles
( )20. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers .Now she would like to read
stories by writers from countries .
A. some; any B. other, some C. some, other D. others; other
( )21. —You’re always studying , Come on ! Let’s go playing basketball.
— you every want to do is going playing basketball.
A. Nothing B. Something C. All D. That
( )22. —Oh,someone is knocking at the door.
— must be Jim.
A. There B. He C. That D. It
( )23. —Are you going to the park ?
—I don’t think .
A. that B. so C. it D. this
( )24. —Which do you like better, milk or juice ?
—I don’t like . I like tea .
A. other B. another C. neither D. either
( )25. —Is ready for the meeting ?
—No, We haven’t got a camera yet .
A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything

Ⅱ、改正下列句子。
1、 My brother’s kite is broken. I’ll make it again for him.
2、 Would you like any juice and bread, Danny ?
3、 —What is in the box, Michael ?
—None .
4、 Henry was learning to express him in simple English .
5、 David has lived in London and Manchester,but he doesn’t like every city very much .
6、 Is there somebody else here ? If not, don’t stay here alone.
7、 The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .
8、 I want to see the manager myself ,not his secretary .
9、 Take either half and give other half to your sister .
10、 Why don’t you choose . Old Tom as your partner ?
He is still as strong as anybody in the team