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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点归纳总结(精华版)
单选题
1、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
2、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A.privilegeB.libertyC.insightD.emergency
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解,所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权;B. liberty自由;C. insight洞察力,见解;D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知,此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
3、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
4、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
5、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
6、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
7、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
8、From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
9、The solider ______ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替先行词solider,指人,在从句中充当定语修饰从句主语arms,所以应填关系代词whose。故选A项。
10、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
11、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
12、Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为those,引导词使用who。故选C。
13、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
14、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
15、I felt ________ than when we were moving towards it.
A.calmlyB.more calmC.calmestD.calmer
答案:B
考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than前面用比较级,calm的比较级是more calm,在系动词felt后做表语。故选B。
16、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
17、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
18、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
19、I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whyB.whoseC.thatD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。
20、Those ______ achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.whom
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选B。
21、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building.
A.capturing; dominate; poweredB.capturing; convert; powered
C.captured; dominate; poweringD.captured; convert; powering
答案:D
考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:利用从太阳捕获的大量热量,电池板将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知,第一空作宾补,表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系,所以应填其过去分词形式captured;第二空填谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,convert...into...为固定搭配,表示“将......转换为......”,符合语境,dominate“统治,支配”,不合语境;第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语,表示“提供动力”,修饰名词energy,表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。故选D项。
22、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
23、We should do all ________ is useful to people.
A.whoB.thatC.itD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A. who谁;B. that那个,引导从句;C. it它;D. which哪个。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是all,排除D。引导词用that,在从句中作主语。故选B。
24、It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.so that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词为problem,被such修饰,且在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词as,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:problem
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词problem在从句_______ nobody can work out.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词被such修饰,关系代词只能用as
故选A项。
25、The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知, writer为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose。故选C项。
26、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
27、People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
A.WhoB.whichC.whomD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:有兴趣探索艺术与科学之间关系的人将参观新加坡艺术科学博物馆。分析句子可知,people为先行词,作定语从句interest的定语,关系代词为whose。故选D项。
28、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
29、The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A.which; whereB.when; when
C.which; whenD.when; that
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是year,指物,从句中的spent 缺少宾语,应用关系代词which/that引导;第二空引导表语从句,从句需要时间状语,应用when引导。综上,故选C。
小提示:
30、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
完成句子
31、He treats the poor girl________(好像她就是他自己的女儿). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
答案:as if she were his own daughter
考查方式状语从句。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“好像”的意思的连词as if引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构。根据主句谓语“treats”可知,这是表示对现在情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语要用一般过去式,be动词时要用were。表示“他自己的女儿”应用名词短语his own daughter。故填as if she were his own daughter。
32、亚马逊雨林通过固定碳并生成占全球总量百分之二十以上的氧气来为地球注入活力。
The Amazon rainforest ________ ________ ________ the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20% of all the Earth’s oxygen.
答案: breathes life into
考查短语和时态。对比中英文句子,空处涉及固定短语breathe life into“给……注入活力”,句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,句子主语The Amazon rainforest为第三人称单数,所以动词breathe要用单三形式。故填①breathes②life③into。
33、这位老妇人在儿子去世后遭受了巨大的痛苦。
The old lady________ ________ ________after her son died.
答案: suffered great pain
考查时态、形容词和名词。结合从句谓语died可知,本句时态用一般过去时,表示“遭受”可用动词suffer,且用动词的过去式形式suffered;表示“巨大的”可用形容词great作定语;表示“痛苦”可用名词pain作宾语。故答案为①suffered②great③pain。
34、许多年轻人被他的故事深深打动,开始为残疾人自愿工作。
Many young people ________________ his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
答案:were deeply affected by
考查固定短语和时态。根据句意和句中began可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。句中涉及固定短语“be deeply affected by…”,意为“被……深深打动”,句子主语people为集体名词,句中表示很多年轻人,故be用were。故填were deeply affected by。
35、他们完全忽略这些事实,就仿佛它们从未存在过。
They completely ignore these facts ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案: as if they never existed
考查虚拟语气。根据汉语提示,“仿佛”应该用as if,引导方式状语从句,从句陈述的不是真实的情况,要用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设,所以从句要用一般过去时。故填as if they never existed。
36、发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
The earthquake________ ________ _________ __________ ________ ________shocked the people all over the world.
答案: that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976
考查限制性定语从句、动词及其时态。根据句子结构,设空处以及句意分析可知设空处为定语从句修饰句子的主语The earthquake,“发生”为不及物动词happen,The earthquake是定语从句的先行词,所以应该用that或which引导,在从句中做主语。根据所给提示地震发生在1976年可知从句是一般过去时。故填that happened inTangshan in 1976或者which happened inTangshan in 1976。
37、We sat in the shade, ____________________the sun.
我们坐在背阴处,避免被晒到。
答案:sheltering from
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“避免……”可知短语为shelter from,此处应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语we构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。
38、我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。(一句多译)
(1) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(2) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(3) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
答案: try/do our best to help make an effort to help spare no effort to help
考查动词短语。根据所给出的汉语句子,并结合英语句子可知,设空对应汉语表达“竭尽全力帮助”,在句中作谓语,可用动词短语“try/do one’s best to do”或“make an effort to do”或“spare no effort to do”表达,都可意为“竭尽全力做某事”,结合主语“We”可知,“one’s”应用“our”表达;“帮助”用动词“help”表达。空前已有“will”,应是一般将来时,谓语动词用原形。故填①try/do our best to help;②make an effort to help;③spare no effort to help。
39、这些激素对心脏和血流也有积极的影响。
These hormones also________ ________ ________ ________ ________the heart and the blood flow.
答案: have a positive effect on/upon
考查固定短语和形容词。have an effect on/upon ...对......有影响,在句中作谓语;表示“积极的”应为形容词positive。叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语为these hormones,结合主谓一致。故填have a positive effect on/upon。
40、军队组织了一些小组去挖掘那些被困者并埋葬死者。
The army organized teams to dig out ____________________ and to bury the dead.
答案:those who were trapped
考查定语从句、动词和时态。根据句意和句中organized可知,句子讲述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。根据句子结构和汉意“那些被困者”可知,空格处为定语从句“those who were trapped”,those代指人,为从句先行词,在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导从句,trap意为“陷入(困境)”,动词词性,与who为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,who指代those是复数意义,故be动词用were。故填those who were trapped。
语法填空
41、The way ________my cousin told me proved to be the best one to finish the work on time. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:表姐告诉我的方法被证明是按时完成工作的最好方法。此处为定语从句修饰先行词way,从句中缺少宾语,指物,应用that或which引导。故填that/which。
42、To our shock, the plane lost track of the airport and then crashed with no one_______(survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:surviving
考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们震惊的是,飞机与机场失去了联系,然后坠毁了,无人生还。此处是with复合结构,no one与survive是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动,作宾语补足语。故填surviving。
43、Mosquitos are small flying insects _______ bite people and animals in order to suck their blood. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查限制性定语从句。句意:蚊子是一种小型飞行昆虫,它们叮咬人和动物以吸食它们的血。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替指物的先行词insects,并在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
44、It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber ________ (rescue). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was rescued
考查动词时态语态。句意:在当地导游的帮助下这名登山者被救了。分析句子可知,rescue是谓语动词,与主语climber是被动关系,用被动语态;整个句子是强调句型,由was可知用一般过去时,且主语the mountain climber是单数,故填was rescued。
小提示:
45、Those _______ have gained fame become well-known. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who
考查限制性定语从句。句意:那些获得了名声的人变得家喻户晓。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those,指人,在从句中充当主语,用关系代词who来引导。故填who。
46、The detective promised to sweep _________ all the crimes, which was very exciting. (用适当的词填空)
答案:away
考查动词短语。句意:侦探答应肃清所有的犯罪活动,这是非常令人兴奋的。结合“which was very exciting”可知,此处考查动词短语sweep away“消灭,彻底消除”,故填away。
47、It’s great that all the visitors who ________ (trap) on the island were saved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had been trapped
考查谓语动词。句意:岛上所有的游客都得救了,真是太好了。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查who引导的定语从句的谓语动词,动词trap发生在were saved之前,表示过去的过去发生的动作,所以用过去完成时,句子主语who(指先行词visitors)和动词trap是被动关系,所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。
48、In the area one out of three residents________(affect)by this quak
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