1、专升本测验公共英语词汇大全38 / 38 作者: 日期:个人收集整理,勿做商业用途北京专升本考试公共英语词汇大全与阅读详解1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/disability able的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。比较:be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth.2. 动词词缀:en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-enenable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/widen/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/height
2、en/lengthen3. abandon vt. 放弃,抛弃,放纵abandon oneself to 纵情于,沉溺于 (=be addicted to)4. aboard adv. 在船(车)上,上船abroad adv. 在国外,到国外board n. 木板 on board 在船上broad adj. 宽的,宽阔的5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的 (反:present)6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引 be absorbed in 全神贯注于8. abundant adj. 丰富的,大量的 (=plentiful)
3、9. access n. 通路, 接近,入门have access to 接近,有权使用 e.g. Citizens may have free access to the public library.10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故 by accident 偶然(=by chance) (on purpose 故意)11. accompany vt. 陪伴,陪同12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现 the task accomplishment n. 成就13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明,解释 on account of 由于 tak
4、e. into account 考虑到(= take into consideration) account for 解释,说明14. accuse vt. 指责,控告 accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人 (同:charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某 人)e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail.His mother charged him with being lazy.15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到 achievement n. 成就, 功绩1
5、6. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 (同:take measures to do sth.)17. actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 类似:waitress(女侍者,女服务生), hostess(女主人), princess(公主,王妃)18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编 adapt oneself to sth. 适应 (= adjust oneself to sth.) e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weathe
6、r in the country.比较:adopt vt. 采用, 收养19. advance n. 前进, 提升 v. 前进, 提前 in advance 预先,提前20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件 (反:disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点) have an advantage over 胜过,占优势 take advantage of 利用21. advertise v. 为做广告 advertisement/ad n. 广告22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告 advise sb. to do sth. 劝说(强调动作) persuade sb. t
7、o do sth. 说服(强调结果) 注意:advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句,需使用should型虚拟语气。advice n. 忠告, 建议23. afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起 sth. (a new car, vacation, etc.) to do sth.24. agree vi. 同意, 赞成 agree with sb. agree on sth. (经过讨论后)就达成一致 agree to sth. (plan, proposal, etc.)agreement n. 同意, 一致 in with 与一致disagree vi
8、. 不一致,有分歧25. aim at 以为目标,旨在26. allow vt. 允许 sb. to do sth. (=permit sb. to do sth.)27. alternative n. 可供选择的办法, 抉择 have no but to do 别无选择,只得 (= have no choice but to do)比较:have nothing to do but do28. amaze/astonish/surprise/shock vt. 使吃惊 ed ing29. ambition n. 野心, 雄心 ambitious adj. 有雄心的, 野心勃勃的30. amu
9、se vt. 娱乐,消遣 ment n. sb. with sth. 用某物逗/取悦某人 oneself by doing sth. 做某事来消遣31. analyze vt. 分析, 分解 analysis analyst32. ancient adj. 远古的,古代的 times33. anniversary n. 周年纪念 twentieth annual adj. 每年的,年度的34. anxious adj. 焦虑的,担心的 be about/for sth. 对感到忧虑 be to do sth. 渴望做某事(=be eager to do =long to do)anxiety
10、n. 35. apology n. 道歉 make an to sb. for sth.apologize v. 道歉 to sb. for sth.36. appeal v. 呼吁,恳求 to sb. to do sth.37. apply vt. 申请, 应用 (to sb.) for sth. 申请 sth. to (someplace) 应用application applicant 38. appoint vt. 约定, 任命appointment n. 约会,约定(因工作需要)比较:date (男女约会)39. appreciate vt. 赏识, 鉴赏, 感激40. approa
11、ch vt. 接近 n. 接近,方法, 步骤41. appropriate adj. 适当的,恰当的42. approve vt. 赞成,批准 of 赞同,赞成 ment dis43. arise vi. 出现, 发生rise vi. 升起, 上升arouse vt. 唤醒, 唤起 ones curiosity, consciousnessraise vt. 抬起,举起44. arrest vt./ n. 逮捕, 拘留 under 被拘捕45. artificial adj. 人造的, 假的 (反:natural, genuine)46. assign vt. 分配, 指派 sb. to do
12、 sth. 分派某人做某事 sth. to sb. 分派某事给某人47. associate vt. 使发生联系, 使联合 . with. e.g. She always associated happiness with having money.48. assure vt. 向保证 sb. that. e.g. He assured us that the train would be on time. 使确信 sb. of sth. e.g. He assured her of his love.ensure vt. 确保, 确保 sb. sth. 确保某人获得某物 e.g. These
13、 pills will you a good nights sleep.insure vt. 给.保险 sb. insurance n.确保 sth. e.g. His talent and dedication will his success.49. attach vt. 系,贴, 附加 . to. 把贴上,放到上 importance/significance to 强调,看重 (介词不用on)50. attack vt./n. 进攻, 攻击 under 51. attempt vt./n. 尝试, 企图 to do 企图,努力 in an to do 试图,力图52. attentio
14、n n. 注意, 关心 pay to sth.53. attract vt. 吸引 attractive adj. attraction n. distract (反,v.)54. authority n. 权威, 威信, 权威人士 (pl.) the authorities 当局,官方author n. 作者,作家authoritative adj. 权威的, 有权威的 authorize v. 批准,授权 sb. to do sth.55. automatic adj. 自动的, 无意识的, 机械的automobile n. 汽车 (=motor car)56. available adj
15、. 能得到的, 可利用的57. average n. 平均 on 平均58. avoid vt. 避免, 消除 avoidable adj. 可避免的 unavoidable/inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然的59. await vt. 等候 (=wait for)60. award n. 奖品 vt. 授予 be awarded sth.reward vt./n. 报答, 奖赏 sb. for sth. 因而报答某人 sb. with sth. 用酬劳某人in for 作为对回报61. aware/conscious adj. 知道的, 明白的, 意识到的 be of 意识
16、到62. awkward adj. 笨拙的,尴尬的63. bachelor n. 单身汉, 文理学士 a s degree 学士学位 (master, doctor)64. backward adv./adj.向后地(的) ward 向的 forward, upward, downward65. balance n. 天平, 平衡 keep ones lose 66. bare adj. 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的(身体局部) feet, arm, headnaked adj. 裸体的, 无遮盖的(全身)67. base n. 基础, 根据地, 基地 (具体的事物)vt. 以.作基础 be based
17、 on 建立在基础上basis n. 基础, 基本, 根据 on the of (theory, experiment) (抽象的事物)basic adj. 基本的68. bear n.熊 v.负担, 忍受 sth. in mind 记住69. beat v. 打, 打败70. behalf n. 利益,支持 on behalf of 代表71. behave vi. 举动, 举止 oneself 举止得体 behavior n. 举止, 行为72. believe v.相信 believe in 信任,信仰belief n. 信任, 信仰73. belong to 属于 (无被动态) e.g
18、. The house belongs to him.74. benefit n. 利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于 to ones 对有利 from 从受益75. bitter adj. 痛苦的,严酷的,难受的76. blame vt. 责备, 谴责 (sb.) be to blame 该受责备 sb. for sth. 将归咎于某人77. bold adj. 大胆的,勇敢的,莽撞的78. bore v. 使烦扰 boring(物) bored(人)79. bound adj. 有义务的,注定的 be to do 一定要,注定要 adj. 开往.去的 be for spl. 80. bo
19、undary n. 边界, 分界线 (表明一区域外缘的明显的,具有限制作用的线)border n. 边界, 国界(两国之间的边界线,有分割政治实体的作用)81. brief adj. 简短的, 短暂的 in 简而言之 (=in one word, to conclude, to be simple)82. business n. 商业, 交易, 事务 on 因公事,出差Its none of your . 与你无关83. calm adj.平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的 v. (使)平静, (使)镇定, 平息 84. campaign n. 战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动(强调有目的的大
20、规模军事行动)battle 一场战役中的一次战斗struggle 侧重政治和精神斗争conflict 指武力或思想上的冲突champion n. 冠军 champagne n. 香槟酒85. campus n. 校园 on schoolyard n. 校园, 运动场 in the 86. cancel vt. 取消, 删去87. candidate n. 候选人88. capture vt. 俘获, 捕获89. career n. 事业, 生涯,指终生从事的事业。job 暗示可获得报酬的工作。work 覆盖范围最广,不可数名词。profession 强调受过高等教育才能担任的职务。90. ca
21、se n. 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合 in of 万一,在情况下 in no case 决不(=under no circumstances, by no means,置于句首,采用倒装句式)91. cash n. 现金 to pay in cash 用现金支付92. casual adj. 偶然的, 随便的, 临时的93. celebrate v. 庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬 celebration n.94. ceremony n. 典礼, 仪式95. certificate n. 证书, 证明书 birth 出生证明 marriage 结婚证96. challenge n. 挑战 vt.
22、向.挑战 challenging adj. 富有挑战性的97. charge v. 掌管, 控诉, 收费 free of 免费 in charge of 负责,掌管 in the charge of 由负责,掌管 charge sb. with sth. 控告 (=accuse sb. of sth.)98. cheat v. 欺骗, 骗取 cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人去做某事 cheat sb. out of sth. 骗走某人某物99. check in 登记入住 check out 付账后离开100. chief adj. 主要的, 首要的, 首席的101.
23、 choice n. 选择, 抉择have no but to do sth. 别无选择,只能做某事 (=have no alternative but to do)choose v. 选择, 选定102. classify vt. 分类, 分等 classification n.103. clarify v. 澄清, 阐明 clear adj.104. client n. 客户, 委托人105. climate n. 气候(某地区固有的天气状况)weather n. 天气(某地区短时间内的天气变化)106. coach n. 长途汽车, 教练 v. 训练, 指导107. colleague
24、n. 同事, 同僚比较:college n. (综合大学中的)学院108. combine v. (使)联合, (使)结合 combination n. A with B A and B109. comfort n./ vt. 安慰 discomfort n. 不舒适comfortable adj. 舒服的uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的110. command n. 命令, 掌握 under ones 在的控制/掌握之下111. comment n./vi. 评论 on sth. 对作评论112. commit vt. 犯(错误), 干(坏事),承诺 suicide, murd
25、er, mistake, errorbe committed to do sth. 承诺做某事113. committee n. 委员会 (为集合名词,看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作个体时,谓语动词用复数。又如:class, police, group等。)114. common adj. 共同的, 公共的have much/little/nothing in 有很多(很少/没有)共同之处 sense 常识115. communicate v. 沟通, 通信,传达 communication n. with sb. 和某人交流116. compare v. 比较, 相比 (包括similar
26、ity和difference) A with B 将A与B进行比较 A to B 将A与B进行比较;将A比作B(侧重此义)e.g. Poets often compare death to sleep.contrast vt. 使与.对比, 使与.对照 (侧重difference)117. compensate v. 偿还, 补偿118. compete vi. 比赛, 竞争 with/against sb. for petition n. 竞争, 竞赛competitive adj. 竞争的competitor n. 竞争者competent adj. 有能力的, 胜任的119. compl
27、ain v. 抱怨, 悲叹,埋怨complaint n. 抱怨,投诉 letter of 投诉信explain v. 解释 explanation n.120. complex adj. 复杂的, 综合的 (一般结构上复杂)complicated adj. 复杂的, 难解的 (不仅结构上复杂,而且在理解上也很难)121. compose v. 组成, 写作 be ed of 由构成 (=be made up of =consist of)component n. 成分,元件,组件composition n. 构成,作文122. compromise n./v. 妥协, 折衷123. conce
28、ntrate v. 集中, 浓缩 on 集中精力于124. concept n. 观念, 概念125. concern vt./n. 涉及, (利害)关系, 关心as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就而言be ed about 关心be ed with 牵涉到126. conclude v. 结束, 终止, 作出结论 to 总而言之conclusion n. 结论 draw/come to a 得出结论127. confess v. 承认, 坦白, 忏悔 to (doing) sth. 承认/供认做了(坏事)128. confidence n. 信心 have in
29、 对有信心confident adj. 自信的, 确信的 be of 对有信心类比:take pride in/be proud of 为感到骄傲129. confront vt. 使面临, 对抗 be ed with 面对,面临 (=face up to)130. confuse vt.使迷惑, 使糊涂 confusion n. ed, ing131. congratulate vt. 祝贺, 庆贺 sb. on sth. 132. considerable adj. 相当大(或多)的, 相当可观的considerate adj. 考虑周到的, 体谅的133. construct vt. 建
30、造, 构造construction n.destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭destroy v. 134. consult v. 咨询,请教,查阅 reference books, dictionary, authority with sb. 与商量135. consume vt. 消耗, 消费consumer n. 消费者consumption n. 消费, 消费量136. content n. 内容,目录(pl.) adj. 满足的, 满意的137. contrary adj. 相反的, 逆的 on the 恰恰相反138. contact vt./n. 接触, 联系 contrac
31、t n. 合同, 契约contrast vi./n. 对比, 对照139. contribute v. 贡献,捐助,投稿 contribution n. to sth. 导致 (=lead to)140. control n./vt. 控制, 支配out of 失去控制under 处于控制之下141. convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的inconvenient adj. convenience n.142. convince v. 使确信,使信服 sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事143. cooperate vi. 合作, 协作 with sb. 与合作cooperatio
32、n n. 合作, 协作corporation n. 公司, 企业144. cope vi. 应付, 处理 with应付, 处理 (=deal with, do with)145. cost n. 成本, 价钱, 代价at all costs 无论如何at the cost of 以为代价146. count on/depend on/rely on 依靠, 指望147. courage n. 勇气, 精神discourage vt. 使气馁, 阻碍encourage vt. 鼓励 sb. to do sth.courageous adj. 勇敢的, 有胆量的148. create vt. 创造
33、, 创作creative adj. 创造性的creation n. 创造, 创作物149. critical adj. 批评的(源自criticize), 危急的(源自crisis) 比较:crucial adj. 至关紧要的,决定性的150. current adj. 当前的,流行的 affairs时事 fashion 流行时尚 n. 电流, 水流, 气流151. daily adj. 每日的, 日常的 n. 日报152. danger n. 危险, 危险物in 处于危险中dangerous adj.153. data n. 资料, 数据 datum(单数)类似:media n. 媒体 me
34、dium(单数)154. deadline n. 最终期限155. deaf adj. 聋的 turn a ear to sb./sth. 对充耳不闻156. deceive v. 欺骗, 行骗 sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 (=cheat sb. into doing sth.)157. decide v. 决定 to do sth. 决定做某事decision n. 决定, 决心 make a to do sth. 决定做某事decisive adj. 决定性的 (=crucial) play a role in sth. 在中起到重要作用158. decreas
35、e v. 减少 increase vt. 增加, 加大159. degree: to some/a certain degree(extent)在某种程度上160. deliberately adv. 故意地 (= on purpose)161. delicious adj. 美味的,可口的 品牌“得利斯”为音译162. delight n. 快乐, 高兴take a in 以为乐be ed to do 高兴去做163. deliver vt. 递送, 投递,发表(演说) sth. to sb. 将某物交给某人 a message 传话,带信 a speech 发表演说164. demand
36、n. 要求, 需求in 非常需要,受欢迎的meet the demand of sb. 满足某人的需要165. depend vi. 依靠, 依赖 (count on/depend on/rely on 依靠, 指望) dependent adj. 依靠的, 依赖的 be on sth. dependence n. 依靠, 依赖independent adj. 独立自主的independence n. 独立, 自主166. derive vt. 得自,获得 sth. from. e.g. a conclusion from factsvi. 起源 from. e.g. Many English
37、 words from Latin.比较:deprive vt. 剥夺, 使丧失 sb. of sth.167. describe vt. 描写, 记述, 形容description n. 描写, 记述 beyond 难以形容168. deserve vt. 应受, 值得 后接动名词的主动形式,表达被动意义。e.g. What he did yesterday deservers praising. (他昨天的所作所为值得表扬。)类似: need repairing (=need to be repaired)169. destination n. 目的地170. detail n. 细节,
38、详情in 详细地go into (s) 逐一说明,详细叙述171. detect vt. 察觉, 发觉, 侦查 detection n. 察觉, 发觉detective n. 侦探172. determine v. 决定, 确定 (=decide) to do sth. /be ed to do sth. determination n. 决定, 决心 make a to do sth.173. devote vt. 投入于, 献身 oneself/ones life to sth. 致力于,献身于 sth. to sb. 将献给某人 his new book to his mother174
39、. difference n. 差异, 差别make a 有影响make no 没有差别,没有影响175. difficulty n. 困难, 难点in 处于困境中with 困难地,吃力地have /trouble in doing sth. 做某人有困难176. disappoint vt. 使失望 ment n. ed ingbe ed with/about sth. 对感到失望be ed to do sth. 很失望地去做某事177. disaster n. 灾难, 天灾, 灾祸178. discipline n. 纪律179. disgust n./vi. 厌恶, 反感in 厌恶地be
40、 ed with/at 对感到厌恶180. disorder n. 杂乱, 混乱in 混乱fall into 陷入混乱181. display vt. 陈列, 展览 on 在展览中182. distinguish v. 区别, 辨别 A from B 将A和B区分开 (=tell from)183. distinct adj. 清楚的, 明显的, 截然不同的, 独特的be from 与截然不同distinction n. 差别,区别184. domestic adj. 家庭的, 国内的 (反:foreign)185. dominate v. 支配, 占优势 dominant adj. 占优势的
41、, 支配的186. dramatic adj. 戏剧性的,引人注目的,夸张的 drama n. 戏剧187. drown v. 溺死, 淹死 oneself in 埋头于188. due adj. 到期的,预期的 due to 由于,因为 (= owing to, because of, thanks to)189. ease n. 安逸, 悠闲with 容易地(feel) at 感到舒适同根词:easy(容易的, 舒适的), uneasy(不安的,不舒服的), disease(疾病)190. economic adj. 经济(上)的, 经济学的economical adj. 节约的, 经济的同根词:economy, economist191. edge n. 利刃, 边缘 on the of 在的边缘192. effect n. 结果, 效果 bring into 实施come/go into effect 开始生效have an effect