2022-2023年高中英语基础知识点归纳总结.docx

2022-2023年高中英语基础知识点归纳总结1单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、“It is a truth _ that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife,” says the very first line of Pride and Prejudice.Auniversally overlookedBuniversally acknowledgedCprofoundly assumedDprofoundly obsessed答案：B解析：考查副词和动词词义辨析。句意：傲慢与偏见的第一行写道:“凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。”A. universally overlooked举世忽略；B. universally acknowledged举世公认；C. profoundly assumed深刻地认为；D. profoundly obsessed深深地着迷。根据“a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”可知，这个真理是举世公认的。故选B。2、Weve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional _.AinterestBattitudeCcompetenceDreputation答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知，Smith博士专业能力强。故选C项。3、He took off his coat _ he felt hot.AbecauseBasCifDsince答案：A解析：考查原因状语从句。句意：他脱掉了外套，因为他觉得很热。A. because因为；B. as因为；C. if如果；D. since既然，因为。根据句意，此处表示原因，虽然as和since也可引导原因状语从句，但语气都没有because强，此处用because强调直接原因，故选A。4、Ive arranged _ Marry to meet you at the airport.ABforCofDwith答案：B解析：考查介词。句意：我已经安排玛丽去机场接你。短语arrange for sb to do sth表示“安排某人做某事”，符合句意要求。故选B。5、The boy came in with an icecream in one hand and a hamburger in his_ hand.AothersBanotherCotherDone答案：C解析：考查代词辨析。句意：那男孩进来了，一只手拿着冰淇淋，另一只手拿着汉堡包。A. others 其他人；B. another (三者以上)另一个；C. other (两者之中) 另一个；D. one (泛指) 一个。分析句意可知，男孩应该有两只手，所以用his other hand表示“他的另一只手用”。故选C项。6、John waited for a long time because he was the last person _to speak.Ato askBto be askedCbeing askedDto asked答案：B解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰等了很长时间，因为他是最后一个被邀请发言的人。名词前有the first/second.，the last，the only，the next.修饰时，常接不定式作后置定语，句中名词person前有the last修饰，应用不定式结构作后置定语，且动词ask与其逻辑主语person之间构成被动关系，应用不定式的被动式to be asked。故选B项。7、When Zhou Kais mother saw him _ the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him _.Aapproaching; anxiousBapproach; anxiousCapproaching; anxiouslyDapproach; anxiously答案：C解析：考查现在分词和副词。句意：当周凯的母亲看到他不穿夹克走近前门时，她焦虑地看着他。根据“she eyed him”可知，此处是指看着他走近前门，see sb doing意为“看见某人正在做某事”，此处用现在分词作宾语补足语。修饰动词eyed应用副词anxiously表示“焦虑地”作状语。故选C。8、The meeting _in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.AholdBis holdingCwill be heldDhave been completed答案：C解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：会议将在9月召开，但没有人知道确切的日期。由语意可知，设空处缺谓语动词，会议确切的时间还不知道，说明会议还没有召开，所以用一般将来时态；hold与逻辑主语the meeting之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故填will be held。9、We _ them in the game last Sunday and finally _ the match.Awon; beatBdefeated; wonCwon; defeatedDbeat; defeated答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在上周日的比赛中打败了他们，最终赢得了比赛。表示“在比赛中战胜对手”可用beat或defeat，排除AC两项；表示“赢得比赛”应用win，排除D项。故选B项。10、The parents dont _ of sending their daughter to study abroad because of the current situation.AagreeBapproveCassessDsuspect答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于目前的情况，父母不赞成送他们的女儿出国留学。A. agree同意；B. approve同意；赞成；C. assess评估；D. suspect怀疑。根据句意和空后的of可知，此处表示“赞成”，应用固定搭配approve of，且由前面的助动词dont可知，此处应用动词原形，故选B。11、The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to _ the change.AreflectBproduceCbring aboutDadapt to答案：D解析：考查动词及短语词义辨析。句意：世界将会变得不一样, 我们要做好准备适应这个改变。A. reflect反映；B. produce生产；C. bring about带来；D. adapt to适应。根据“The world will be different,”可知，我们应该做好准备来适应世界的改变。故选D。12、And there, almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.Ahaving lostBlosingCto be lostDlost答案：D解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她的弟弟坐在那里，几乎要陷进大椅子里，他从来没有被告知要保持安静。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的状语，逻辑主语为brother，与lose构成逻辑上的被动关系，此处用过去分词作状语。故选D项。13、Why did you leave the water running in the sink?Heavens! I guess I _ to turn it off.AforgotBhave forgottenCwill forgetDhad forgotten答案：A解析：考查时态。句意：你为什么让水一直流到水槽里？天啊！我猜我忘了关。根据句意可知，此处表示之前忘了关水，故用一般过去时，故选A。14、They may have to widen the road to _ the increase in traffic.Aget rid ofBcope withCconsist ofDrely on答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们或许不得不拓宽这条路，来应对交通车辆的增加。A. get rid of摆脱；B. cope with处理、应对；C. consist of由组成；D. rely on依靠。根据句意可知，拓宽道路的目的是为了应对车辆的增加，故选B项。15、Although my new cellphone has many _ it doesnt _ well.Afunctions, functionBfunction, functionsCfunctions, functionsDfunction,function答案：A解析：考查名词复数和助动词用法。句意：虽然我的新手机有很多功能，但运行不太好。function作名词意为“功能”，为可数名词，在many后应用复数形式。function作动词意为“运行”，在助动词do或does后应用原形。故选A。16、He decided to find out _ was the last one to leave the company.AwhatBwhichCthatDwho答案：D解析：考查宾语从句。句意：他决定弄清楚谁是最后一个离开公司的人。观察句子可知，find out后缺少宾语，为宾语从句，空处缺少连接代词作从句的主语，表示人，用who引导宾语从句。故选D项。17、The law _ equal rights for the students in senior high schools.AguaranteesBconfirmsCsuspectsDoverlooks答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：法律保障高中学生的平等权利。A. guarantees保证；保障；B. confirms证实；C. suspects怀疑；D. overlooks俯瞰。根据“equal rights for the students in senior high schools.”可知，高中学生的平等权利受到法律保障。故选A。18、_, the train started.AThe signal givenBGiving the signalCThe signal being givenDThe signal giving答案：A解析：考查独立主格结构。句意：信号发出后，火车开动了。分析可知，空处为独立主格结构，其结构形式为“逻辑主语+非谓语动词”，做时间状语，signal和give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选A项。19、What made Cunningham great was his devotion to _.AphotographBphotographyCphotographerDphotographic答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：Cunningham的伟大之处在于他对摄影的热爱。A. photograph照片；B. photography摄影；C. photographer摄影师；D. photographic摄影的。空处应填名词作宾语，结合句意，此处指对摄影的热爱，photography符合题意。故选B。20、Do you think Jack will lend us a hand on this project?_ He has a tight schedule this month, and we must rely on ourselves.ADont mention it.BNot a chance!CNot at all.DTake it easy.答案：B解析：考查情景交际。句意：你认为杰克会帮我们做这个项目吗？不可能！他这个月的日程很紧，我们只能靠自己了。A. Dont mention it.别客气；B. Not a chance!不可能，完全没有机会；C. Not at all.一点也不；D. Take it easy.别紧张。根据后文“He has a tight schedule this month, and we must rely on ourselves.”可知，说话人表示“不可能，完全没有机会”。故选B项。21、The meeting didnt start_ everyone was there.AbecauseBuntilCwhyDif答案：B解析：考查从属连词。句意：直到所有人都到场，会议才开始。根据句意，not until直到才，引导时间状语从句，符合题意，故选B。22、The new coach told Adam that he didnt play well enough.(指出划线部分是什么短语)ANPNPBAdjpNPCNPAdvpDNPAdjp答案：C解析：考查短语结构。句意：新教练告诉亚当他打得不够好。The new coach“新教练”为名词短语（NP），well enough“足够好”为副词短语（Advp）。故选C。23、It was _lovely weather_ we decided to spend the day on the beach.Asuch a; thatBsuch; thatCsuch; asDso a; that答案：B解析：考查状语从句。句意：天气如此好，我们决定在海滩上度过这一天。 分析句式结构可知，此处为结果状语从句，因为weather是不可数名词，所以此处用such+adi+不可数名词+that结构来表示“如此以至于”。故选B项。24、_ you _ the problems youre causing?ADo; aware ofBAre; aware ofCDo; aware thatDAre; aware that答案：B解析：考查固定短语。句意：你意识到你造成的问题吗？固定短语be aware of表示“意识到”，主语是you ，其中的be动词应该填复数形式are，位于句首，首字母大写。故选B项。25、Could we have a word before you leave? Sure, wait a moment. I _ my work, but it wont take long.Awould just finishBhave just finishedCjust finished Dam just finishing答案：D解析：考查时态。句意：你走之前我们能说句话吗？当然，等一下。我就要完成工作，但不会花太长时间。A. would just finish就会完成（过去将来时）；B. have just finished刚刚完成（现在完成时）；C. just finished刚完成了（一般过去时）；D. am just finishing就要完成（现在进行时）。根据前文“wait a moment(等一会儿)”以及“but it wont take long(但不会花太长时间)”可知，第二个说话人正在做工作，就要完成了，可用现在进行时表将来。故选D项。根据首字母填写单词(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)26、Research shows that new-born babies are good at r_ the voices of their mothers. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：recognizing#ecognizing解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，新生婴儿善于识别母亲的声音。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应填recognize，表示“辨别，识别”，应用动名词形式作介词at的宾语。故填recognizing。27、He r_ that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：recommended#ecommended#recommends#ecommends解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议她做一些研究，并与牙医讨论健康的糖果应该包含哪些成分。根据that从句中的do和talk可知，从句是虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。再根据首字母是r可知，此处用recommend表“推荐、建议”，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，因为没有明显的时间状语，所以时态可以用一般过去时或一般现在时。故填recommend/recommends28、This autumn, 6000 people will p_ in the first period of the project. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：participate#articipate解析：考查动词。句意：今年秋天，6000人将参与该项目的第一期。根据单词首字母以及句意，设空处在will后，应填动词原形participate，短语participate in.，意为“参加”，作谓语。故填participate。29、I plan to keep this blog to r_ my experiences and what I learn.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：record#ecord解析：考查动词。句意：我打算用这个博客来记录我的经历和我学到的东西。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词record，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故填record。30、I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to a_ and interpret vast amounts of data. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：analyze#nalyze解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为，人工智能的最大价值在于其分析和解释大量数据的能力。to 为动词不定式的标志，后接动词原形。根据句意可首字母可知，空处填analyze。故填analyze。31、I refuse to lie about it. It goes against my p _.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：principle(s)#rinciple(s)解析：考查名词。句意：我拒绝撒谎，撒谎违背了我的原则。根据所给首字母及句意可知，此处意为“违背原则”，principle为可数名词，此处即可用单数，也可用复数，故填principle(s)。32、The students are not allowed to leave school unless they get the a_ of their head teacher.答案：approval#pproval解析：考查名词。句意：除非得到班主任的批准，否则学生是不被允许离开学校的。根据首字母和句意可知，是名词approval“批准，赞成”；该词在句中作为动词get的宾语。故填approval。33、On weekends, one third of the room f_ as workplace. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：functions#unctions解析：考查动词。句意：在周末，三分之一的房间用作工作场所。根据单词首字母以及句意“用作”可知应填动词function，作谓语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为one third of the room，谓语与room保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。故填functions。34、I o_ that family is important to the people there. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：observed#bserved解析：考查动词时态。句意：我注意到家庭对那里的人很重要。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个主从复合句，设空处是谓语动词，that从句是宾语从句，根据单词首字母以及句意可知，这里应填动词observe，这是一个短暂性动作，应用过去时态。故填observed。35、Please try to c_ down, sir, and tell me where you are and what has happened. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：calm#alm解析：考查动词。句意：请冷静下来，先生，告诉我你在哪里，发生了什么事。calm down平静下来；try to do sth.尽力做某事。结合首字母提示及句意，故填calm。36、After p_ his composition repeatedly, the young candidate believed it was getting closer to perfection. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：polishing#olishing解析：考查动词。句意：在反复润色他的作文后，这位年轻的候选人认为作文越来越完美了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词polish (润色、修改)，空前After是介词，应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填polishing。37、Every festival has its different customs and u_ charms.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：unique#nique解析：考查形容词。句意：每个节日都有不同的习俗和独特的魅力。根据单词首字母及句意可知，应填入形容词unique作定语，修饰名词charms，意为“独特的”。故填unique。38、This new generation of artisans will not only help p_ traditional skills they also bring innovation to the new craft. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案： preserve#reserve解析：考查动词。句意：新一代工匠不仅有助于保护传统技能，还将为新工艺带来创新。根据句型分析可知，此空考查help do sth ，表“帮助做某事”，所以应填动词原形，再根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填preserve，表“保护”，为动词。故填preserve。39、What is the best way to i_ your writing skills? （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：improve#mprove解析：考查动词。句意：提高写作技巧的最好方法是什么？根据单词首字母以及句意，设空处应用动词improve，意为“提高，改善”，及物动词，后接宾语your writing skills；句子涉及短语the way to do sth，意为“做某事的方法”；空处前已有to，所以应用动词原形。故填improve。40、An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackletonthis is the a_ that I have been dreaming of. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：adventure#dventure解析：考查名词作表语。句意：与伟大的沙克尔顿一起去南极探险是我梦寐以求的探险。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处应为“冒险，探险”，adventure，且此空做is的表语，且空前有the，故填adventure。41、The official said the plane had taken off an hour later than s_, and came down because of bad weather conditions. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：scheduled#cheduled解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这名官员说，这架飞机比原定时间晚了一个小时起飞，由于恶劣的天气条件而降落。结合语意，飞机比预定时间晚一个小时起飞，结合首字母提示，空处应用动词schedule，表示“预定”，含有比较从句的复合句中，为了简练，从句中和主句重复的成分原则上省略掉，只剩下被比较的部分，所以schedule与逻辑主语the plane之间是被动关系，空处应用过去分词形式表示被动。故填scheduled。42、Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the a_ is of critical significance. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：atmosphere#tmosphere解析：考查名词。句意：降低大气中的二氧化碳水平具有至关重要的意义。根据单词首字母以及句意“大气”可知应填名词atmosphere，作宾语。故填atmosphere。43、We shouldnt allow ourselves to be bullied into doing anything that goes against our p_.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：principles#rinciples解析：考查名词作宾语。句意：我们不应该被威胁着做任何违背原则的事情。根据首字母及句意可知，此处意为“违背原则”，表达为against ones principle，principle为可数名词，且空前为our。故填principles。44、Flu is an i_ disease characterized by fever, aches and pains and exhaustion.答案：infectious#nfectious解析：考查形容词。句意：流感是一种传染病，其特征是发热、全身疼痛和疲乏无力。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填入形容词infectious作定语，修饰名词disease，意为“传染的，传染性的”。故填infectious。45、Looking at the powerful opponents, they appeared p _ about their chances of winning. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：pessimistic#essimistic解析：考查形容词。句意：看着强大的对手，他们似乎对获胜的机会感到悲观。空格处用形容词作表语，由“powerful opponents”和“their chances of winning”可知，因为对手强大，所以他们似乎对获胜的机会感到悲观，空格处意为“悲观的”，由首字母提示p可知，是pessimistic，故填pessimistic。书信写作(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)46、假定你是小李，计划十一月利用一周去长江三角地区三个城市（杭州、苏州和南京）或任一城市旅游，请用E-mail的形式和你的好友May分享。内容包括：(1) 旅行的主要目的和目的地介绍。(2) 旅行计划的具体安排（景点、交通、住宿等）。(3) 对旅行的感想或期望。【注意】(1) 词数80-100.(2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考词汇】雷峰塔Leifeng Pagoda 灵隐寺Lingyin Temple 丝绸博物馆Silk Museum拙政园Humble Administrators Garden桂花糕Osmanthus Jelly中山陵Dr Sun Yat-sens Mausoleum玄武湖Xuanwu LakeTo: MAYSubject: A travel plan to Yangtze River DeltaDear May,_Yours,Xiao Li答案：To:MAYSubject: A travel plan to Yangtze River DeltaDear May,I will make a wonderful trip to Hangzhou this November to realize my dream since I was a child.I will go to Hangzhou by train, where I will spend a week. On the first day, I will go to the famous Su Dongpo Memorial Hall, where I will enjoy the charm of ancient Chinese culture. The next few days, I will go to the West Lake. It will greatly impress me with its beautiful scenery. On the last day, I will visit the Qiandao Lake, where I will take many beautiful photos. I will stay in a top-ranking hotel.This trip will be really of great benefit to me. For one thing, it will broaden my horizons. For another, it will make me know more about the outside world.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Xiao Li解析：【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你的好友May写一封E-mail，介绍你计划十一月利用一周去长江三角地区三个城市或任一城市旅游。(1)词汇积累实现：realize achieve参观：visit pay a visit to照片：photo picture期望：look forward to expect(2)句式拓展合并简单句原句：The next few days, I will go to the West Lake. It will greatly impress me with its beautiful scenery.拓展句：The next few days, I will go to the West Lake, which will greatly impress me with its beautiful scenery.小提示：【高分句型1】I will go to Hangzhou by train, where I will spend a week.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】I will make a wonderful trip to Hangzhou this November to realize my dream since I was a child.（运用了since引导的时间状语从句）47、假定你是李华，寒假期间，你参加了WWF举办的为期一周的野生动物保护冬令营。请你写一篇日记分享这段有意义的经历。(1)活动的时间、地点及内容；(2)你对野生动物保护的看法和感悟。注意：短文词数80字左右。参考词汇：冬令营：winter campSunday, 8 January, Sunny_