1、(每日一练每日一练)2023)2023 年人教版高中英语必修一年人教版高中英语必修一 Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4NaturalDisasters 笔记重点笔记重点大全大全 单选题 1、It is very important to remain_in an emergency.AcalmBstillCquietDsilent 答案:A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A.calm 镇静的;B.still 静止的;C.quiet安静的;D.silent 沉默的。根据 an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选 A。
2、2、Do you know anything about the accident _ in the street yesterday?AhappenedBwas happening Cwhich happenedDwhich was happened 答案:C 考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是 the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词 which,结合时间状语yesterday 可知,从句谓语 happen 为一般过去时,不及物动词 happen 不能变为被动。故选 C 项。3、Gra
3、ndma said she was feeling okay,but I think I could _ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.AexperienceBdetectCshowDsuffer 答案:B 考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect 察觉;C.show 展示;D.suffer 遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选 B。4、T
4、wo“stolen”notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag _the original blue box _the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.Acontaining,whereBto contain,whichCcontaining,/Dto contain,that 答案:C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯 达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原
5、来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词 contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词 a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语 a bright pink gift bag 之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词 the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词 in 后的宾语,应用关系代词 which 或 that 引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选 C 项。5、In 1963 the
6、 World Food Programme was set up,one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.AitsBwhoseCwhomDwhich 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:1963 年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme 在非限制性定语从句中作名词 purposes 的定语,所以用关系代词 whose 引导从句。故选 B。6、According to the scientists,t
7、he little polar bear will be the first _ the extreme cold.Ato surviveBsurvivingCto be survivingDsurvived 答案:A 考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选 A。7、Try to avoid such things _will do you harm,unless you dont care about the rumors from a
8、ll directions.AthatBasCwhichDas that 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词 things 被 such 修饰,所以应用关系代词 as。故选 B。8、A sport with a broom on ice _ requires bowling _ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.Athat precisionBthat diversity C/precisionD/diversity 答案:A 考查定语
9、从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是 sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词 that 或 which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词 precision。故选 A 项。9、The war and the suffering _ caused had great effects on him.AthatBwhichCasDit 答案:D 考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很
10、大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为 had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词 suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词 suffering,为物,在定语从句中作 caused 的宾语,从句可用关系代词 that 或which 引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语 the war,此处选指示代词 it,指代 the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering(that/which)it caused had great effects on him.故选 D 项
11、。10、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to _hasnt done it.AanyoneBthose whoCwhoever thatDsomeone who 答案:D 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知,anyone 可作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用 who/that 引导且不能省略,故 A 项错误;those 作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用 who 引导,who 指代 those,是复数概念,助动词应用
12、 have,故 B 项错误;whoever 引导句子作介词 to 的宾语,且在从句中作主语,连词 that 多余,故 C 项错误;someone 作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在从句中作主语,可用 who 引导,who 指代 someone,是单数概念,助动词用 have,故 D 项正确。故选 D。11、The police found the two“stolen”notebooks were left in a gift bag_the original blue box_the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.Acontaining;
13、whereBto contain;whichCcontaining;/Dto contain;that 答案:C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain 与逻辑主语 a gift bag 为主谓关系,应用现在分词 containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为 the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词 in 的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词 that/which,也可省略。故选 C 项。12、A real fr
14、iend is someone_support we can count on.AwhoseBwhichCwhatDwho 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_support we can count on 是一个定语从句,先行词是 someone,从句当中的 support 前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选 A。13、Of the six people injured in the crash,only two _.AcancelledBsurvivedCattractedDpublished 答案:B 考查动词词义辨析。
15、句意:在车祸中受伤的六个人中,只有两人幸存。A.cancelled 取消;B.survived 幸存;C.attracted 吸引;D.published 出版。根据句意可知,句中六人在车祸中受伤了,由此可知,句中指受伤的六人中只有两人幸存,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故选 B 项。14、In China,many modern cities have excellent subway systems _ can take people everywhere in the city.AwhatBwhereCwhichDwho 答案:C 考查定语从句。句意:在中国,
16、许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是 systems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词 which 引导定语从句。故选 C。15、From monuments _define history,to towering skyscrapers,to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge,youll be treated to spectacular views.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhose 答案:B 考查定语从句
17、。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词 that 或 which引导。故选 B。16、The solider _ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDwhich 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替先行词 solider,指人,在从句中充当定语修饰从句
18、主语 arms,所以应填关系代词 whose。故选A 项。17、After several _ to climb Qomolangma,he finally reached the top of it.AattemptsBattacksCchaptersDdisasters 答案:A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试,他终于登上了山顶。A.attempts 尝试;B.attacks 攻击;C.chapters(书的)章,篇,回;D.disasters 灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知,他最终到达顶峰,所以应该是经过几次尝试了。
19、故选 A 项。18、Andrew is a brilliant student,_ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.Aand whoBoneCand oneDone who 答案:D 考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew 是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用 one 作 Andrew 的同位语,引导词指代 one 和 Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用 who 引导定语从句,故选 D。19、One day,an idea _ Waters that maybe
20、her cooking could help her make some money.AstruckBbeatCoccurredDrecalled 答案:A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A.struck 击打,突然想到;B.beat 打败;C.occurred 出现,(想法)产生;D.recalled 回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到”的含义,需要用到 sth.strikes sb.或 sth.occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式。故选 A 项。20、Understanding the cultural
21、 habits of another nation,especially _ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.AwhichBoneCthatDit 答案:B 考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A.which 指代物;B.one 一个;C.that 指代人或物;D.it 它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词 is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除 A 和 C,同时 it 指代的是同类同物,表示
22、特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是 Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one 作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的 containing as many different cultures as the United States 是对 one 进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选 B。21、He bought a new building _top is different from those of the others around.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhose 答案:D 考查定
23、语从句。句意:他买了一幢新楼,它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 building,_top is different from those of the others around 是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作 top 的定语,指楼的顶部,用关系代词 whose 引导。故选 D。22、The house,_I bought last year,needs to be repaired.AwhichBwhereCthatDwhen 答案:A 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是 the house,所
24、以应用关系代词 which 来引导。故选 A。23、As a respected zoological institution,SeaWorld not only _,rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously _ conservation and scientific research.Arescues focuses onBrescues funds Creleases focuses onDreleases funds 答案:B 考查动词词义辨析。句
25、意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue 搭救,解救;release 释放,解放;focus on 集中精力于;fund 资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填 rescue;第二空,根据空前 generously 可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选 B 项。24、The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate.AwhosBwhoseCthatDof which 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分
26、析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 man,关系词在从句中作定语,和 coat 是所属关系,应用 whose 引导。故选 B 项。25、We sell a lot of products abroad and the opportunity to open-up markets in regions _ we dont currently sell a lot to is a great one.AwhereBthatCwhatDwhen 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:我们在海外销售了很多产品,在目前销量不大的地区打开市场的机会非常大。空处引导定语从句,先行词 regions,指物,在定语
27、从句中作宾语,需用关系代词 that 引导。故选 B。26、Tomorrow is Teachers Day.What is your surprise for our English teacher?The first thing _ I will do is to make an English card for her.AwhoBwhichCwhoseDthat 答案:D 考查定语从句。句意:明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是 thing,被序数词 first 修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词 th
28、at。故选 D 项。27、Matter is anything _.Athat take up space and have weightBwhich take up space and have weight Cthat takes up space and has weightDthose take up space and have weight 答案:C 考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything 后跟定语从句,anything 是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用 that 不能用 which,因此排除选项 B 和 D,that 指代先行词a
29、nything,是不定代词,由 is 可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是 that takes up space and has weight,故选 C。28、The new law has come into _ and it will surely _ the industry of the country.Aaffect;effectBeffect;effect Caffect;affectDeffect;affect 答案:D 考查 effect 和 affect 的用法。句意:新法律已经生效,它肯定会影响这个国家的工业。come into eff
30、ect 为固定搭配,意为生效,开始实施;affect影响;effect 作名词讲时,表示作用,影响;作动词讲时,表示实现。第二空助动词 will 后用动词原形 affect,根据句意和分析句子成分可知,D 项正确。故选 D。29、With more and more forests _,we must take action to protect our earth.AdestroyingBdestroyedCto destroyDare destroyed 答案:B 考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是 with 的复合结构中的宾补,由于
31、宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选 B。30、The prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwho 答案:C 考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知,writer 为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为 whose。故选 C 项。完成句子 31、一句多译 令全世界震惊的是,这架飞机起飞几分钟后就坠毁了。1._ was that the plane crashed just minutes after take-o
32、ff.(主语从句)2.The plane crashed just minutes after take-off,_.(定语从句)答案:What shocked the world which shocked the world 1.考查主语从句。“令震惊”应该翻译为 shock,根据要求用主语从句翻译“令某人是”,应该用连接代词what 引导这个主语从句;根据后面的 was,主语从句应该用过去时。故翻译为 What shocked the world。2.考查定语从句。“令震惊”应该翻译为 shock,根据要求用定语从句翻译“飞机坠毁”这件事“令世界震惊”,要用一个关系代词代指逗号前的“飞机
33、坠毁”这件事,并且引导非限制性定语从句,只能用 which;根据前面主句的时态是一般过去时,从句应该用一般过去时。故翻译为 which shocked the world。32、随时都有急诊服务,并提供医疗咨询。The emergency services were _ with medical advice.答案:on hand 考查固定短语。根据句意可知此处需要表达“随时,在手边”,是固定短语 on hand。故填 on hand。33、一方面,我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母,另一方面,我能从中获得一些经验,这会对我将来的生活有益。_,I can earn some money by
34、doing it to help my parents,and _,I can gain some experience from it,which will do good to my future life.答案:On the one hand on the other hand 考查副词短语。根据汉语提示,副词短语 on the one hand“一方面”和 on the other hand“另一方面”符合题意,在句子中做状语。注意首字母大写。故空填 On the one hand;空填 on the other hand。34、他们完全忽略这些事实,就仿佛它们从未存在过。They c
35、ompletely ignore these facts _ _ _ _ _.答案:as if they never existed 考查虚拟语气。根据汉语提示,“仿佛”应该用 as if,引导方式状语从句,从句陈述的不是真实的情况,要用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设,所以从句要用一般过去时。故填 as if they never existed。35、在紧急情况下,我们应该保持镇静,这点至关重要。We should _ in case of emergency,which matters much.答案:calm ourselves down 考查固定短语。固定短语:calm down
36、冷静下来;根据汉语提示,本句主语为 we,宾语也是说我们,所以宾语用 ourselves,据此可知,空白处填 calm ourselves down,故填 calm ourselves down。36、医生给我听胸部时,叫我吸气。The doctor made me_ while he listened to my chest.(breathe)答案:breathe in 考查动词短语固定搭配。根据句子翻译,题干中缺少吸气的意思,breathe in“吸入,吸气”,符合题意,横线前面是使役动词 make,这里是 make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”,后面是动词原形做宾补。故填 bre
37、athe in。37、我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很多噪声。I live next door to a couple _.答案:whose children often make a lot of noise 考查定语从句和时态。此处为 whose 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 couple,先行词 a couple 在从句中作定语;从句主语为复数名词 children,表示“经常弄出很多噪音”应用 often make a lot of noise。为一般现在时。故填whose children often make a lot of noise。38、去年他饱受饥寒交迫之苦。He_
38、 _ _ _ _cold and hunger last year.答案:suffered a great deal from 考查短语。表示“受之苦”短语为 suffer from;“饱受”表示程度,用 a great deal 修饰。根据 last year 可知,此事是去年发生,用一般过去时。故填 suffered a great deal from。39、在一位路人的帮助下,她设法走到了警察局求助。_a passer-by,she managed to walk to the police station for help.(aid n.)答案:With the aid of 考查 w
39、ith 独立主格结构。分析句子成分可知,“在一位路人的帮助下”作方式状语,应采用 with 的复合结构。“帮助”译为:aid。故填 With the aid of。40、The heavy rain completely _.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。答案:ruined our holiday 考查时态。“毁坏”应用 ruin,“我们的假期”应用 our holiday,作 ruin 的宾语。结合句意表示发生在过去的事情,要使用一般过去时,故填 ruined our holiday。语法填空 41、I dont know how you all manage to survive _ your
40、 small salary.(用适当的词填空)答案:on 考查固定短语。句意:我不知道你们靠那微薄的薪水是怎么活下来的。根据句意表示“靠活下来”短语为survive on。故填 on。42、The thief _(trap)by the police in an old house.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:was trapped 考查时态和语态。句意:小偷在一所旧房子里被警察抓捕。空处在句中作谓语,动词 trap(抓捕)和主语 the thief是被动关系,且句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,所以此处应用一般过去时的被动,主语是单数,故填 was trapped。43、We succ
41、eed in our field of specialization and then become _(trap)in it.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:trapped 考查被动语态。句意:我们在我们的专业领域取得了成功,然后又陷入了其中。分析句子可知,“trap”意为“使陷入困境”,动词词性,句中“We”和“trap”为被动关系,故应用被动语态,“trap”的过去分词为“trapped”,“become trapped in”意为“陷入”。故填 trapped。44、In such dry weather,the flowers will be watered if they are_(
42、survive).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:to survive 考查非谓语动词。句意:在如此干燥的天气里,花要想存活就得浇水。分析句子结构可知,空格处在 if 引导的条件状语从句中作表语,故动词 survive“幸存,活下来”要用非谓语动词的形式。结合句意,此处表示“将要存活下来”,故用不定式形式表将来。故填 to survive。45、The clock _(strike)ten as we went into the church.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:was striking 考查过去进行时。句意:我们走进教堂时,钟正在敲十点。根据“as we went into the
43、church”可知,此处表示过去的这个时候钟正在敲十点,所以应用过去进行时。故填 was striking。46、Well talk about a particular type of comfort food _ power tend to be linked with positive emotions.(用适当的词填空)答案:whose 考查定语从句。句意:我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品,其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是 food,指物,在从句中作 power 的定语,应用关系代词 whose 引导。故填whose。47、He sat down
44、 on the floor,_(bury)his face in his hands.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:burying 考查非谓语动词。句意:他坐在地板上,双手掩着脸。空处应填非谓语动词的形式,句子主语 He 与 bury 之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表主动,作伴随状语。故填 burying。48、Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists_(ruin)the atmosphere of peace?(所给词的正确形式填空)答案:ruining 考查非谓语动
45、词。句意:乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得游人如织、破坏了其平和氛围的拥挤山脉这一名声吗?此处是 with 复合结构,tourists 与 ruin 之间是主动关系,用现在分词作宾补。故填 ruining。49、In this article,we will talk about a particular type of comfort food _ power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.(用适当的词填空)答案:whose 考查定语从句。句意:在这篇文章中,我们将讨论一种特殊类型的安慰食物,它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的记忆。根据
46、句子结构分析,此处应是限制性定语从句,先行词 a particular type of comfort food,在定语从句中作定语,需用关系代词 whose 引导。故填 whose。50、Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family and thats pretty _(power).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:powerful 考查形容词。句意:詹妮弗是第一代毕业生,这对她的家庭来说是很大的鼓舞。这种鼓舞是强大的。分析句子,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。powerful 意为“强大的”。故填 powerful。