NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构.ppt

BasicFire&LifeSafetyforRadiationSafetyProfessionalsRobertEmery,DrPH,CHP,CIH,CSP,RBP,CHMM,CPP,ARMRobertEmery,DrPH,CHP,CIH,CSP,RBP,CHMM,CPP,ARMVicePresidentforSafety,Health,Environment,RiskManagement&QualityAssuranceVicePresidentforSafety,Health,Environment,RiskManagement&QualityAssuranceTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealthSlide2Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes?According to the NFPA,in 2007 there According to the NFPA,in 2007 there wereweren n530,500structurefiresoneevery530,500structurefiresoneeveryminuteminuten n3,0003,000civiliandeathsoneeveryciviliandeathsoneevery2.52.5hourshoursn n15,35015,350civilianinjuriesoneevery30minutescivilianinjuriesoneevery30minutesn n$10,600,000,000$10,600,000,000inpropertydamageinpropertydamagen nAAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20firedepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20secondssecondsSlide3Objectivesn nIntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycompliancen nOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionn nProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessmentSlide4FireRegulationsandCodesn nSafetyandHealthRegulationsOSHA(29CFR1910&1926)OSHA(29CFR1910&1926)n nFireandLifeSafetyCodesInternationalBuildingCode(IBC)InternationalBuildingCode(IBC)NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)MunicipalRequirementsMunicipalRequirementsSlide5AdditionalRequirementsn nAllcodesareminimumrequirementsn nInsurancecompanyrequirementsn nCompanypoliciesn nTheJointCommissionn nStateand/orCityrequirementsSlide6HowareTheseCodesEnforcedn nCodesareadoptedbyreferencebyCodesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance.ordinance.n nPlansforremodelingoranewPlansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbyconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdictiontheauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingwork.(AHJ)priortostartingwork.StateFireMarshalsOfficeStateFireMarshalsOffice LocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsOfficials DesignatedLocalAHJDesignatedLocalAHJn nTakeHomeMessageKnowwhatTakeHomeMessageKnowwhatcode(s)applytoyouroperationcode(s)applytoyouroperation Slide7WhichdoIfollow?n nRemodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingworkStateFireMarshalsOfficeStateFireMarshalsOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJDesignatedLocalAHJSlide8Features of Building Fire and Life Safetyn nAlarmsAlarmsn nSprinklersSprinklersn nRatedCorridorsRatedCorridorsn nExitAccessExitAccessn nNumberofRequiredNumberofRequiredExitsExitsn nEgressWidthsEgressWidthsn nOccupantLoadsOccupantLoadsn nElevatorRecallElevatorRecalln nFireRatedDoors&FireRatedDoors&FramesFramesn nSmokeControlSmokeControln nRatedStairwellsRatedStairwellsn nFireproofingFireproofingRequirementsRequirementsn nElectricalSafetyElectricalSafetyn nConstructionConstructionCombustibilityCombustibilityn nFireandSmokeFireandSmokeDampersDampersn nEmergencyPowerEmergencyPowern nRoofAssembliesRoofAssembliesSlide9FireAlarmSystemsn nPlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire.n nProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelection BuildingOccupantSafetyBuildingOccupantSafety SatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJSatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirementsRequirements PropertyProtectionPropertyProtection FirstResponderSafetyFirstResponderSafety EnvironmentalProtectionEnvironmentalProtection CombinationCombination Slide10FireAlarmSystemsn nIBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenancen nNFPA72NationalFireAlarmCoden nBasicComponentsPanelPanelDetectionDetectionManualAlarmManualAlarmNotificationNotificationOff-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionOff-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionSlide11FireAlarmSystemsn nFireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignals AlarmAlarm TroubleindicatesafaultinaTroubleindicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthemonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirealarmsystemfirealarmsystem BadsmokedetectorBadsmokedetector GroundfaultGroundfault SupervisoryindicatesaproblemwithSupervisoryindicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemmonitoredbythefirealarmsystem WatervalvetosprinklersystemclosedWatervalvetosprinklersystemclosed CleanagentsystemproblemCleanagentsystemproblemAlarmSupervisoryTroubleSlide12Off-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionSlide13CommonFireDetectionn nSmokeDetector IonizationIonization PhotoelectricPhotoelectricn nHeatDetectors FixedTemperatureFixedTemperature Rate-of-RiseRate-of-RiseSlide14ManualPullStationsn nManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewalln nActivatedbypullingonahandlen nSendssignaltobuildingsfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarmSlide15NotificationAppliancesn nAudiblealarms(Howloudisloudenough?)PublicSPLmustbe5dBaboveanyPublicSPLmustbe5dBaboveanyambientnoisethatlasts60sec.orambientnoisethatlasts60sec.ormore,or15dBabovethe24-hrmore,or15dBabovethe24-hraverage,whicheverisgreateraverage,whicheverisgreaterSleepingquartersMinimumof75SleepingquartersMinimumof75dBAdBASlide16NotificationAppliancesn nVoiceCommunicationBettertohavealargernumberofBettertohavealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs.afewverylowerSPLunitsvs.afewveryloudunitsloudunitsIntelligibilitycanbeaproblemIntelligibilitycanbeaproblemSlide17NotificationAppliancesn nVisualalarmsPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsaudiblealarmsn nCommonLocationsofVisualAlarmsCorridorsCorridorsMeetingroomsMeetingroomsRestroomsRestroomsEnclosedelevatorlobbiesEnclosedelevatorlobbiesSlide18FireAlarmSystemInterfacesn nHeatingVentilationandAirConditioningDuctdetectorsDuctdetectorsAHUshut-downAHUshut-downn nSprinklerwaterflowalarmsn nMagneticlockreleasemechanismsn nDoorunlockingdevicesn nElevatorrecalln nStairwellpressurizationSlide19SystemReliabilityn nBasedonFourElements DesignDesign EquipmentEquipment UnderwritersLaboratoriesUnderwritersLaboratories FactoryMutualGlobalFactoryMutualGlobal InstallationInstallation MaintenanceMaintenance Inspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecrucialInspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecrucial Unfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedUnfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompletedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompletedSlide20FireSuppressionn nWaterBasedSuppressionn nCleanAgentSystemsn nFireExtinguishersSlide21WaterBasedSuppressionn nWet-PipeSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimesalltimesSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsHeatactivatessprinklerheadHeatactivatessprinklerheadWaterisdischargedimmediatelyWaterisdischargedimmediately*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperatures*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40below40FFSlide22Wet-PipeSystem1.1.MainvalveMainvalve2.2.AlarmcheckvalveAlarmcheckvalve3.3.FiredepartmentcheckFiredepartmentcheckvalvevalve4.4.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentconnectionconnection5.5.WatermotoralarmWatermotoralarm6.6.SprinklerheadSprinklerhead7.7.InspectorstestvalveInspectorstestvalveSlide23Wet-PipeSystemn nOnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateOnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivaten nFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminuteFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminuteSprinkler headAs temperature rises the bulb will shatterWater is released and deflected in a spray patternSlide24SprinklerColorCodesandRatingsColorSprinkler ClassificationTemperature RatingRedOrdinary135-170Yellow/GreenIntermediate175-225BlueHigh250-300PurpleExtra High325-375BlackUltra High500-575Slide25FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHeadSlide26Dry-PipeSystemn nSystemcontainsairunderpressureSystemcontainsairunderpressure CompressoronsystemkeepspressureupCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupn nSprinklerheadsholdthepressureSprinklerheadsholdthepressuren nAdry-pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyAdry-pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyn nValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowaValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowapredeterminedlevelpredeterminedleveln nSprinklerheadactivationpressuredropvalveSprinklerheadactivationpressuredropvalveopenswatersenttoallheadswaterdischargedopenswatersenttoallheadswaterdischargedfromactivatedsprinklerhead(s)fromactivatedsprinklerhead(s)*Recommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezing*RecommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezingtemperaturestemperaturesSlide27How do Dry-Pipe Systems Work?1.1.HeatActivatedHeatActivated2.2.PressureDropPressureDrop5.5.WaterDischargesfromactivatedheadWaterDischargesfromactivatedhead4.4.WatersenttoallsprinklerheadsWatersenttoallsprinklerheads3.3.ValveOpensValveOpensSlide28Dry-PipeSystem1.1.SupplycheckvalveSupplycheckvalve2.2.MainvalveMainvalve3.3.DrypipevalveDrypipevalve4.4.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentcheckvalvecheckvalve5.5.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentconnectionconnection6.6.WatermotoralarmWatermotoralarm7.7.SprinklerheadSprinklerhead8.8.InspectorstestInspectorstestvalvevalveSlide29Pre-actionSystemn nSystemcontainsairunderpressureSystemcontainsairunderpressure CompressoronsystemkeepspressureupCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupn nWaterheldbackbypre-actionvalveWaterheldbackbypre-actionvalven nSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionn nOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre-actionOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre-actionvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemn nWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerheadsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerhead*TypicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseumsTypicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseumsSlide30How do Pre-Action Systems Work?1.1.SmokeDetectedSmokeDetected5.5.WaterDischargesfromactivatedheadWaterDischargesfromactivatedhead4.4.WatersenttoallsprinklerheadsWatersenttoallsprinklerheads3.3.ValveOpensValveOpensSlide31Pre-actionSystem1.1.SupplycheckvalveSupplycheckvalve2.2.MainvalveMainvalve3.3.WatercontrolordelugeWatercontrolordelugevalvevalve4.4.FiredepartmentcheckFiredepartmentcheckvalvevalve5.5.FiredepartmentFiredepartmentconnectionconnection6.6.WatermotoralarmWatermotoralarm7.7.Sprinklerhead(closed)Sprinklerhead(closed)8.8.DetectorDetector9.9.ElectricalbellElectricalbell10.10.ManualreleasestationManualreleasestation11.11.ControlpanelControlpanel12.12.InspectorstestvalveInspectorstestvalveSlide32FirePumpsn nFirepumpsareutilizedwhenthehydraulicdemandexceedspublicsupplycapacityn nComponentsPumpandmotorPumpandmotorControllersControllersJockeypumpJockeypumpWatertankWatertankSlide33WaterSupplyn nStandpipeSystem ClassI2inchhoseconnectionClassI2inchhoseconnectionintendedforfiredepartmentuseintendedforfiredepartmentuse ClassII1inchhoseClassII1inchhoseconnectionsintendedforfirst-aidconnectionsintendedforfirst-aidfirefightingfirefighting ClassIIIProvidedwithboth2ClassIIIProvidedwithboth2inchand1inchhoseinchand1inchhoseconnectionsconnectionsn nFireDepartmentConnectionSlide34SuppressionWithoutWatern nHalonNFPA12ABeingphasedoutper1987Beingphasedoutper1987MontrealProtocolMontrealProtocoln nCarbonDioxideNFPA12n nCleanAgentNFPA2001InertgasformulationInertgasformulation*Thesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedas*ThesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedasallowablesubstituteforwatersuppressionallowablesubstituteforwatersuppressionSlide35FireExtinguishersn nNFPA10standardforportablefireextinguishersn nSelectappropriateextinguisherforarea ClassA,B,C,D,andKClassA,B,C,D,andKn nIdentifyhazardoccupancy LightHazardLightHazard Offices,schools,assemblyhallsOffices,schools,assemblyhalls OrdinaryHazardOrdinaryHazard Mercantilestorage,parkinggaragesMercantilestorage,parkinggarages HighHazardHighHazard Woodworkingarea,warehousesWoodworkingarea,warehousesSlide36ConductingaBasicAssessmentn nDetermine Your Building Occupancy Determine Your Building Occupancy Type FirstType Firstn nIBC Occupancy ClassificationsIBC Occupancy Classifications Assembly:GroupA-1,A-2,A-3,A-4andA-5Assembly:GroupA-1,A-2,A-3,A-4andA-5 Business:GroupBBusiness:GroupB Educational:GroupEEducational:GroupE FactoryandIndustrial:GroupsF-1andF-2FactoryandIndustrial:GroupsF-1andF-2 HighHazard:GroupsH-1,H-2,H-3,H-4,andH-5HighHazard:GroupsH-1,H-2,H-3,H-4,andH-5 Institutional:GroupI-1,I-2,I-3andI-4Institutional:GroupI-1,I-2,I-3andI-4 Mercantile:GroupMMercantile:GroupM Residential:GroupsR-1,R-2,R-3andR-4Residential:GroupsR-1,R-2,R-3andR-4 Storage:GroupsS-1andS-2Storage:GroupsS-1andS-2 UtilityandMiscellaneous:GroupUUtilityandMiscellaneous:GroupUSlide37ConductingaBasicAssessmentn nAdditional Detailed Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy CoveredMallBuildingsCoveredMallBuildings High-RiseBuildingsHigh-RiseBuildings AtriumsAtriums UndergroundBuildingsUndergroundBuildings Motor-Vehicle-RelatedOccupanciesMotor-Vehicle-RelatedOccupancies MotionPictureProjectionRoomsMotionPictureProjectionRooms StagesandPlatformsStagesandPlatforms SpecialAmusementBuildingsSpecialAmusementBuildings Aircraft-RelatedOccupanciesAircraft-RelatedOccupancies CombustibleStorageCombustibleStorage HazardousMaterialsHazardousMaterials DryingRoomsDryingRoomsSlide38KnowYourBuildingn nOnceoccupancyisdeterminedcodeswillgiveyouguidanceWhattypeofconstructionisrequired?Whattypeofconstructionisrequired?Isasprinklersystemrequired?Isasprinklersystemrequired?Isafirealarmsystemrequired?Isafirealarmsystemrequired?Exitingandegress?Exitingandegress?Emergencypowerrequired?Emergencypowerrequired?Isasmokecontrolsystemrequired?Isasmokecontrolsystemrequired?Isastandpipesystemrequired?Isastandpipesystemrequired?Slide39Conclusionn nCodesdrivefacilityfireandlifesafetyrequirementsn nKnowwhatcodesapplytoyouroperationn nAllcodesareMINIMUMrequirementsn nWhoisyourAHJ?ManythingscanbeleftuptothisindividualsManythingscanbeleftuptothisindividualsinterpretationinterpretationn nMaintainsystemsinaccordancewithcoderequirementsandmanufacturersrecommendationsSlide40Referencesn nInternationalBuildingCode,InternationalCodeCounciln nNationalFireProtectionAssociationn nTheJointCommission此课件下载可自行编辑修改，此课件供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，此课件供参考！部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请与我联系删除！感谢你的观看！部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请与我联系删除！感谢你的观看！