外研版高中英语必修1重要知识点归纳.pdf

-1-必修一 module1-module6 知识点总结Module1 重点短语重点短语：not far from 离不远 information from websites 网上的消息write down my thoughts about it 写下的想法iave fun 玩的高兴 give instructions 给出指示 in a fun way 以一种有趣的方式write a desciption of 写下的描述 in other words 换句话说have/make an impression on/upon sb.给某人留下印象take place 发生 take part in 参加 by oneself 独自at first/the end of/the start of 起先/在结束时/在开始时nothing like 与不同；没有能比得上be different from 与不同 be impressed with/by 被所吸引differences beween/among 的差异 introduce.to.把介绍look foward to doing sth./sth.期望做/期望impress sb.with sth.=impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事be simliar to 与相似 be divided into 被分成be separated from 被和分开 mind doing sth.介意做重点句型重点句型1.In other words,there are three times as many girls as boys.倍数表达法：A+be/V.+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B A+be/V.+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B A+be/V.+倍数+the(size,weight,height,width,depth,lengh)+of+B2.Would you mind if I did.?介意我做.?3.The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms.Shen.called Ms.Shen 是过去分词作短语定语，修饰 woman.与修饰词之间是被动关系。相当与定语从句：who is called Ms.Shen.通常在分词修饰名词时，若是单个分词，则放在名词之前，若是分词短语则放在名词之后；4.I dont think I will be bored in Ms.Shens class.当主句为 I/We think(suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine)+that 从句时，如果从句中带有否定意义，通常把否定词 not 转移到主句的动词前。变反义疑问句时，主句的主语为第一人称时，疑问句应与从句的主语和谓语相一致。否则就与主句的主语和谓语一致。e.g.I dont think she will come,will she?You dont think she will come,do you?5.Oh,really?So have I.so+助动词/情态动词/系动词 be+主语 表示“（另一事物）也”so+主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词 be 表示对上面情况的肯 定。so it is/was with.或者 so its/was the same with.表示当前面的句子是两个分句，或前一句含有两个或两个以上不同类 别的谓语动词，或者既含有肯定句又含有否定句时，情况也适用于后者。neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词 be+主语 表示.也不.-2-语法要求语法要求：一 时态 1.现在时中的两个体态，一般现在时和现在进行时。1）一般现在时A 构成（动词的变化）主语是第一，二或者复数的时候用 动词的原形。主语为单数第三人称的时候，动词加 s 或者 es（以原音结尾）。辅音+y 时 把 y 变成 I 再 es.B 用法 4 种1 描述经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与 usually,often,always,every day,sometimes,once a month,never,on Mondays 等时间状语连用。2 描述普遍真理和客观存在的事实。3 描述现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。4 描述计划、安排好的将来动作。常用于转移动词：go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin 等2)现在进行时。现在进行时常和时间状语连用;now,right now,at this moment,at present 等。a 构成：be+现在分词 即：am/is/are+doingb 用法 4 种1 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2 表示现阶段某动作正在进行，但说话时未必正在进行。3 表示将要发生的动作，常和动词 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等连用。4 表示抱怨、厌倦、赞叹等感情色彩。与 always,constantly,continually,forever,usually 等副词连用。二：-ed 分词,-ing 分词做定语和表语的区别Module 2重点短语：重点短语：on time 按时 make sure 确保，保证fall a sleep 睡觉 make progress 取得进步at present 目前 do well in 擅长take a look 看一看 do ones best 尽力make notes 做笔记 in fact 事实上be true of 对适用 as a result 结果wave ones hands about/around 挥手 result in 导致，造成result from 源于 first impression 第一印象avoid doing sth.避免做某事 hate doing sth.讨厌做某事admint doing sth.承认做某事 practise doing sth.练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事用法经典例词-ed 分词描述人bored,embarrassed,disappointed,interested,amazed,tired,excited,-ing 分词描述物boring,embarrassing,disappointing,intresting,amazing,tiring,exciting,-3-have problem/trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难have problem/trouble/difficulty with sth.在某事上有困难appreciate doing sth.感激做某事I would appreciate it if.我很感激如果be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 be patient of sth.对某事有耐心 consider doing sth.考虑做某事 consider.as/to be 把看作prefer sth.喜欢某事 prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事 prefer A to B 喜欢 A 胜过 Bprefer to do A rather than do B 喜欢做而不喜欢做 would rather do A rather do B 喜欢做而不喜欢做Would do A rather than do B 喜欢做而不喜欢做would rather sb.did/had done 宁愿某人去做重点句型重点句型1.Physics will never be my favourite lesson,but I think Ill do well in the exam with Mrs Chen teaching me.with Mrs Chen teaching me 通常被称为 with 的复合结构。在句子中多做状语。with 的复合结构：with+宾语+V-ing(宾语与动词是主动关系)With the old man leading the way,I can easily find his house.with+宾语+V-ed(宾语与动词是被动关系)With the work finished,I can now watch TV.with+宾语+to do(动作还未发生)With a lot of work to do,I have to stay up tonight.2.She is kind and patient,and she explains English grammar so clearly taht even I can understand it.形容词+a/an+名词（可数名词单数）So+many/few+名词（可数名词复数）+that much/little+名词（不可数名词）表示“如此以致于”a/an+形容词+名词（可数名词单数）Such+形容词+名词（可数名词复数）+that 形容词+名词（不可数名词）语法要求：语法要求：1、有些动词后面只能跟动词的 ing 形式。如 hate,admit,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,imagine,consider,practise.Module 3 重点短语：重点短语：be short for 是的缩写 be short of 缺乏in the 1990s/1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代more than 超过 more than+数词：超过 more than+名词：不仅仅,不只是more than+形容词/副词：非常-4-out of date 过时的，不流行的 up to date 时尚的，流行的at a speed of 以的速度 reach a speed of达到的速度attend the opening ceremony出席开幕式 all the time 一直，总是play with 与玩from.to.从到supply sb.with sth.给某人提供某物 supply sth.to sb.把某物提供给某人provide sb.with sth.给某人提供某物 provide sth for sb.把某物提供给某人offer sb.sth.提供某人某物 offer sth.to sb.把某物给某人offer sb.sth.for.为提供某人某物allow sb.to do 同意某人做某事 allow doing sth.同意做某事allow sb.Sth.同意某人某事 refer to 查阅，涉及到be used to do 被用来做某事 be/get used to doing/n.习惯于used to do 过去常常 be used as 被用作be used to for 被用来做某事重点句型重点句型And what a ride!一次多么美妙的旅行啊！感叹句的基本结构What 引导的感叹句：What a/an+形容词+名词（单数可数名词）+主语+谓语！What+形容词+名词（复数可数名词）+主语+谓语！What+形容词+名词（不可数名词）+主语+谓语！How 引导的感叹句：How+形容词/副词+a/an 名词（单数可数名词）+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How+主语+谓语!e.g.How dangerous the fish is!How lovely a boy he is!How time flies!光阴似箭！语法要求：语法要求：一：动词的过去分词作表语和定语二：一般过去时用法：基本用法在初中已经总结过，在此补充一些常与一般过去时连用的时间状语。如：recently,during the day,one night,a long time ago,until the 1920s,for many years 等。Module 4重点短语：重点短语：by the seacide 在海滨 on the coast 在海边put up 建起，搭起；张贴 business district 商业区shopping malls 购物中心 walk around 四处走走go up（价格等）上涨 make money 挣钱figth to survive 费力求生 pay back 偿还feel/be fortunate(in)doing sth/to do sth.感到幸运做某事bother sb.with/about sth.因某事烦扰某人-5-bother to do sth.特意做，不怕麻烦做某事stay in contanct with 与保持联系make contact with 与取得联系lost contact with 与失去联系reamin to be done 有待于被exchange sth.with sb.for sth.拿某物和某人换某物cant afford sth./to do sth.买不起，支付不起做get away from 摆脱，离开重点句型1.Whats.like?How do you like.?怎么样？How do you find.?2.Its been six years since we last saw each other.It is/has been+一段时间+since+过去式(短暂性动词)自从至今已经多久了.It is/has been+一段时间+since+过去式(延续性动词)自从不做.至今已经多久了.若主句为 was,则 since 从句中用过去完成时。3.This is the first time Ive visited your hometown.表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，常用 This/It is the first/second/last time that 这个句型。that 常省略.主句用 is,从句使用现在完成时.主句用 was,从句用过去完成时.4.for the first time&the first time for the first time：一般用作时间状语，e.g:I was invited to the party for the first time.the first time 可作为连词用法，引导状语从句，意“第一次的时候”，如：The first time I saw her,I liked her at once.5.a nice little fish restaurant名词前有多个形容词修饰的话，其顺序为：限定词（a,the,those.）+描绘性形容词（beautiful,important.)+大小、高低、长短、宽窄等形容词（big,long,high.)+表示形状的形容词（round.）+表示颜色的形容词（red,green.）+国籍，地区+物质材料+用途+名词语法要求：语法要求：一：时态：现在完成时用法Module 5重点短语：重点短语：think of 想到，想起，put sth.in order 按顺序整理/摆放at the top 在顶部 at the botttom 在底部keep.out of 使不进入 do/make an experiment 做实验make disvovery 作出发现 be proud of 以自豪/骄傲take pride in 感到自豪 be supposed to do 理应,应当at least 至少 aim at 目标是aim to 目的在于 in turns 轮流follow ones instuctions 听从某人的指示-6-react with 和反应 react on/upon 对有影响，起作用react to 对有反应 react against 反对，反抗add to 增添，增加 add.to.把加到里add up 加起来 add up to 合计为，总数为重点句型：重点句型：1.Leave the tube for one week.leave+宾语+宾补（形容词，名词，副词等）“使处于”E.g.Leave the window open.Leave the girl an orphan(孤儿)Leave the light on.Leave the work unfinished.2.Here is a table with the metals that react most on the top,and the metals react least at the bottom.句子是以 here,there,out,in,up,down,away,now,then 等副词开头，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装结构，即把谓语动词提到主语之前。若主语为代词，则只把副词提前，主谓语序不变。E.g.Here comes a car.Here he comes.3.Two-thirds of the earths surface is water.当分数（百分数）+of+名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后的名词或代词的单复数。若名词或代词是单数，则动词用单数。反之则用复数。4.倍数表达法 A+be/V.+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B as.as 中间加入名词的句式 倍数+as+形容词+a/an+单数名词+as 倍数+as+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+as A+be/V.+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B 倍数+形容词比较级+名词+than.A+be/V.+倍数+the(size,weight,height,width,depth,lengh)+of+B 注意下面这两种说法：（1）倍数+what 从句 The length of the road is three times what it was two years ago.(2)倍数+that of+被比较对象Airmail charges twice or three times that of a normal mail.语法要求：语法要求：一：初中比较级用法回顾二：比较级之倍数表达法1.倍数可用 half(一半),double(两倍),twice(l 两倍),times（若干倍）等词表示，具体用法如下：a.倍数+as+形容词+as b.倍数+形容词的比较级+than c.倍数+the size(length,width,height,depth)of2.“比较级+and+比较级”结构（两个同义形容词的比较级），表示“越来越”的意-7-思。3.“the+比较级+the+比较级”结构，表示“越,就越”的意思。4.在形容词比较级前可用：a little,a bit,a lot,rather,no,any,(very)much,far,even,still,yet 等副词来修饰。Module 6重点短语：重点短语：click on 点击 log on/off 登录/退出consist of 由组成 consist in 在于consist with 与一致 as well 也be/become known as 作为而出名 in ones opinion 在某人看来go down 下降 come up with 提出in that case 如果那样 communicate with 与交流concentrate on 聚精会神 compared with 与相比from that moment on 从那一刻起 point out 指出take out 去掉，省略 instead of 代替，而不是agree with 同意 work as 作为at the moment 此时此刻 for the moment 暂时 the moment+从句 一就重点单词：重点单词：contain/include两个词都有“包含，含有”的意思。用法区别（1）contain V.作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内。前后名词一般不同 类。How much does this bottle contain?(2)include V.侧重于作为整体的一部分而被包含进去。前后名词一般 为同类的人或物。The book includes a revision module.including/includedincluding prep.常用句型：including+名词/代词included adj.常用句型：名词/代词+includedAccess n.接近，进入，通路，接近（或进入）的方法（或权利)固定结构：have access to.有使用或见到的机会或权利e.g.We have access to the clean drinking water.重点句型：重点句型：1.feel/think/make it+形容词+(for sb.)to do 感觉/认为/使某事对某人来说（容易困难等）2.Barners-Lee bulit his first computer while he was at university using an old television!本句中，using an old television 是动词的-ing 形式充当方式状语。3.语法要求：语法要求：1.合成词合成词2.现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语