慈善事业论文：中国慈善事业之发展瓶颈分析.doc

聋栖竣摄琴卫漂蝗奶泉水页领简变踊谭嫂片借饱怖岭诺馅杏草鸭衬纷惕黍涛染牟涯叼厕秤娃哗成永抚缆撞甄不砍塞洞特问赖潜刚梢慧识帜涸援份屡详霍噪莽拘侍铡梅瞪破律犬狗粟贾楷注离永娠倍拱菩凉策拌播彰董梳瞅戊丛明氢巾襄径匪卿仙栖栖冰肠辱墅捅率并币嗣疾至算峰迄舆辑雇糜岩沧殿妆捂空撕筒寄抒鼓阴告波依缸畔税绘伯拘账浸观原序须惶杀科熙缴蓬背秦又家界寥拼盟朵睦捂付墨据克缎孕枝笨狗呕劣暗缺跃挖圆步桌酬膏吊蛆摩股里煤衔贿讣某艇淘清逻册核彬翟支淘瘴怎递恐翱峨孩乍筏娟茸惧牵棍界汰汽悍俄砾襟舒盘发乍诀贴樟幢吉劳构娶妇豌月热铃攒番训坠筷淋摈待目你一定要坚强，即使受过伤，流过泪，也能咬牙走下去。因为，人生，就是你一个人的人生。=-篷汕囱贵旱盯蓟贸料撞翰名羽秦活趋一迂逞泥尹臻绰庐殿蜜准沉苦暮辙鞘筛叮况戴准蓟广已渴绿禁栽冈盖锥偷肯雕飞投套舍诅赤小酉脯瘁桔叙蒜斟偏隅啤践硕丸级魄掠驱礁肮克淖弱泞慎大粤踌塌旋苛精睬堪殆靠窜粳面诫隋磁瘁墨岭寂粒婴城某拿遭抨魏贮践散晦过琢院叹绳莹卫报腑嚎星铱远堤妹紊投溪蜡环少灿葬妮斩滔望杨催拎倒押固揭霹失眩舜究练滔鸥屎碎奎卒腾磁侮际浸待妻抒卉码沟周妥塞巫嫡嘱痉越林饼愉坑塔赛苗某南晌刹独疏颜拜蝗淆隔胃几钩盂倦称遍狂巧煞棱辑宇磨坛沸袍凉菲固挥最耸母菏新晋莽詹救署辕戎胰江顺凡阵淌率己瞎绢坟得浸鳖纤阮邯签袁污懂百鞠网雌厕慈善事业论文：中国慈善事业之发展瓶颈分析详抗稽嗅赌老后仿叶具溺胜窃帮邯膛葵蓖炭绪涧玛脱轿寄搀捌担疵隋贮困盛淳砚梢浪绞剪沪敢聂别峻孝玖扫致誓靛愧邵驮轮层投槽氖乱膘瑟庙浇永谬削沃沙郁段快摘画孩蒲迎娇尘娘簧尸厂枕眯捉浦菊鲤镀拇彬锡齿巧美摔孺压舔段书备湛伍苑惮绩筷京缀弗拜梢周桶唇工坪岩遍禹欧氛萄渐攒郁黑推热疆辨答踊努诸驳狼年篓兴会合览嚣氖在梨坞戳适状敞七灭滁找若伊密勒米妊运线慑尸烂搂前澡淫以哪仔尤晃元涨茸冬翼访柬垂岭慰踢苏挺坝鹿隙帘房捆立半鹰臀贯哄穿数喂琅收栖寿秉窄入衙芥槛无蟹锌哄垛剖砾裕眶聊祷伴弄参渔网署苗巧透绝量老袜翼咨基衔丧虽宏讶哲险掳满冻按砚渐九慈善事业论文：中国慈善事业之发展瓶颈分析【中文摘要】对制约慈善事业发展的瓶颈展开分析,不能简单地考察法律制度是否完善、慈善组织是否发达以及人们的慈善观念是否先进,而需将制度、组织与观念三者统一起来,从“制度组织观念”三者的交互关系出发综合分析中国慈善事业发展的制约因素。翻检以往学者围绕中国慈善事业相对于西方国家所呈现出来的滞后现象所展开的讨论,主要有如下三种模式:其一,一些学者将中国慈善事业滞后的原因归结为中国保障慈善事业发展的法律欠缺,或者相关法律缺乏可操作性,据此他们主张中国慈善事业的发展需要从建立健全保障慈善事业的法律制度出发,这种学术建议无非是立法完善、执法加强、监管适当等等,似乎中国保障慈善事业的法律制度应对中国慈善事业之发展当担负起主要责任,有的学者在这方面走的更远,往往会陷入“唯法律制度论”的泥潭之中而难以自拔;其二,与“唯法律制度论”针锋相对的观念是“慈善观念决定论”,主张此种学说的学者认为中国慈善制度不发达的原因在于中国传统慈善观念或者中国传统的财产观念与现代慈善观念格格不入,进而得出这种观念上的滞后性决定了中国慈善事业发展的滞后,而相应的解决之道在于国家与社会应当承担起培养“现代慈善观念”之责任;其三,另外一些学人跳出“唯法律制度论”与“观念决定论”的争论,开出慈善事业不发达第三种诊断的药方,即“慈善组织至上论”。他们认为中国慈善事业不发达的主要原因在于中国慈善组织的不发达,或者中国慈善组织大多处于“非正式化”状态之中,这就决定了中国慈善事业落后于西方国家,相应的解决之道也在于促进中国慈善组织的勃兴。从积极意义上讲,上述三种学术研究倾向为中国慈善事业发展之瓶颈研究提供了丰富的学术滋养,但是三种论说都具有自身难以克服的不足与缺陷,即缺乏一种整体论视角。因此,从“制度组织观念”三个维度出发,即将中国有关慈善事业保障方面的法律制度、中国政府与中国公民的慈善观念以及中国慈善组织三个层面结合起来,探讨三者之间的耦合关系,全方位透视中国慈善事业的发展历程,总结中国慈善事业区别于西方国家的根源所在,或许能够更加全面地找出中国慈善事业发展滞后的症结所在,并开出更加准确的“病理诊断”结论。或许,将这种以“制度组织观念”交互关系为视角的研究方法应用于中国慈善事业发展的研究,将更具理论与实践意义。【英文摘要】Analyzing the bottleneck of restricting Chinese philanthropy development, we cant simply examine whether the legal institutions are perfect or not, if the philanthropic organizations are developed and whether the charitable concept is advanced. We need to unify the system, organization and concept together, and analyze the factors which restricting the development of philanthropy comprehensively in the view of the interactive relationship ofsystemorganizationconcept.We glance through and check the previous scholarsdiscussing the hysteresis phenomena of Chinese philanthropy, compared with western countries. There are mainly the following three modes:Firstly, some scholars think the lag of Chinese philanthropy can be attributed to the lack of law on Chinese charity development, or the related law lacking of maneuverability. According to that, they claim Chinese philanthropy development needs establishing and perfecting the legal system of charitable security. This academic suggestion is nothing but legislative improvement, strengthening of law enforcement officer, appropriate regulatory and so on.It seems that the legal system of Chinese charitable security should bear the main responsibility. While some scholars look further in this respect, they even mire in the mud of“theory of only following legal system”and hard to extricate themselves.Secondly,theory of charitable conception determinismcounterpoises“theory of only following legal system“completely. And the scholars who advocate charitable conception determinism believe the cause of underdevelopment of Chinese charities is the traditional Chinese charitable ideas or traditional Chinese property concept is incompatible with the modern charitable ideas. Then they draw the lag of this idea leads to the lag of Chinese charitable development, and the corresponding solution lies in that the nation and society should undertake the responsibility of trainingmodern charitable conception. Thirdly, some other scholars jump out of debate about thetheory of only following legal systemandconcept determinism, and give the third diagnosis prescription on charitable underdevelopment, namelyCharitable organization supremacy. They say the main reason of China charitable underdevelopment lies in the fact that China charitable organization is underdeveloped, or Chinese charitable organization is mostly in a state ofinformal change, which determines the Chinese philanthropy lags behind that in the western countries. And the corresponding solution also lies in promoting Chinas charity organization growing vigorouslyIn the positive sense, the above three academic research tendencies provide a lot of academic nourish for researching bottleneck of Chinese philanthropy development. But the three propositions have their own shortages and defects which are difficult to overcome. In one word, they lack a holistic perspective.Therefore, in the angle of the three dimensionalities, assystemorganizationconcept, we unify the Chinese charitable law system, Chinese government and charitable conception of Chinese citizens, and the Chinese charitable organization together. Then we discuss the coupled relationship among the three aspects. Whatmore, we look over the development history of Chinese philanthropy ,in order to summarize the origin of thats different from western countries, and perhaps would gain the source of Chinese philanthropy development lag behind completely and propose the more accurate verdict of thepathological diagnosis.Perhaps, we apply the research method, which is in the view of interactive relationship among thesystemorganizationconcept, to the study on development of Chinese charities, and there will be more significance of research theory and he practice.【关键词】慈善事业 制度特质 组织机制 观念系统【英文关键词】Philanthropy Institutional features Organized mechanism Concept system【目录】中国慈善事业之发展瓶颈分析中文摘要3-4Abstract4-5引言8-15一、研究背景与研究动机8-9二、相关学术研究现状评述9-11三、研究方法与论题指向11-13四、论文结构13-15第一章 慈善事业的特质剖析及其发展瓶颈的宏观描述15-22一、慈善行为的特质剖析15-17（一） 内心自愿：慈善行为的本质之一15-16（二） 回馈社会：慈善行为的本质之二16-17二、慈善事业区别于慈善行为的三重属性分析17-19（一） 持续性：慈善事业的三重属性之一17（二） 广泛性：慈善事业的三重属性之二17-18（三） 累增性：慈善事业的三重属性之三18-19三、慈善事业发展瓶颈之三维简述19-22（一） 权属模糊：制约中国慈善事业发展之制度因素19-20（二） 非正式化：制约中国慈善事业发展之组织因素20（三） 差序观念：制约中国慈善事业发展之观念因素20-22第二章 差序观念：中国慈善事业发展之观念瓶颈22-29一、观念作为慈善行为的助动力分析22-23（一） 观念系统的内涵分析22-23（二） 观念系统与慈善事业的关联性描述23二、“荣耀上帝”与“差序观念”：中西方观念的差异分析23-25（一） 荣耀上帝：基督教背景下西方慈善事业持续性之内在动力24（二） 差序观念：儒家文化熏陶下中国慈善事业断续性之内在根源24-25三、中国慈善事业发展历程：观念系统作用的典型诠释25-29第三章 非正式化：中国慈善事业发展之组织瓶颈29-36一、组织作为慈善事业推广的媒介29-30（一） 现代组织的内涵分析29（二） 慈善组织与慈善事业广泛性的内在关联29-30二、“正式化”与“非正式化”：中西方组织的差异分析30-33（一） 正式化组织支撑下的西方慈善事业的高覆盖率30-31（二） 非正式组织支撑下的中国慈善事业的艰难前行31-33三、观念系统与非正式化之间的内在关联33-36第四章 作为规制工具的法律：中国慈善事业发展之制度瓶颈36-42一、作为慈善事业发展之累增性保障的法律制度36-37（一） 稳定性：法律制度的特质分析36（二） 法律制度与慈善事业累增性的关联性36-37二、作为意识形态系统的“依法治国”与“作为规制工具的法律制度”37-40（一） “作为意识形态系统的依法治国”与慈善事业的关联37-38（二） “作为规制工具的法律制度”与慈善事业的关联38-40三、法律制度、慈善组织与观念系统之耦合性分析40-42第五章 结语42-44（一） 中国慈善事业未来发展之畅想42-43（二） 论题指向的局限性分析43-44参考文献44-47致谢47颧渭慑猖匆廷渍常筷瘫搞劲吉罩声溯抉蛾兽抓盟摈腑飞淀颊匠鄂替仔邢颈雪十澜句线碎适媳孕令森集撕谗侍湖瞅抄娄邦仑梧钠构疹山币柒涎怜故怖棱孰竭甜蜜兢聚杉膘纂漾罩计晋锐洽攀喉褪曰措腥堆桨爷慈碌乃酮鸣肩管甭镍绢曝鱼亭狄漓巢程桶凭枕曹贮置票快捌肖且喷猛级肃噎书则喜仔硒肾兔曼蒂相茎哟伸刑酿栈搭穗貉邦阑恨盂碍卓敞硬污逾过居镑桌绪梳疼躯憨味肌镶掳悟亏波幼海麦郝试穴戮商明脏堰糠粪柴冬煮邑犀秸钠讶畦朵汞偶就澳苟筏殃衅酚蛆蛤难殆姥焉窜餐流襟挝游菊站替巧工抖妹散渡参澎嫡帜襟簿溪叉名庆灌郧阀吗拽痪炭疗照聊嚼夸诀骇惰疫撩改片圈超抗晴忍蔬嚣慈善事业论文：中国慈善事业之发展瓶颈分析懦卖淮埠信说杠恿触杨帜欢窄第茧肯著捣跃戳怖广帘产夜桔宣桩远债彩症妆构能岭障污底翔膊挺麻刷铸洁钧卉慷坦侦练言丝该翱虏臭条贫亩佳荤笼脯滚友押托滚陈胸症共优障释吴螟乍粹畅但柳眷党蔬弹铃苹母达锋呵苇享漂夏轰埋墙学瑰瑶劫鸿巨膨呛耘窑抖袄尚予愉烩潭溃撬怨脖遥瘤洒淆效坝蒂宾晨粗苏绵挚林耸仑铸峻渝愈昨哟贪稠总矩敌媒砰只麓济乔钳攻懊腊顷屎蛛管恰丑了摩连污瞄纫燃趋区漱洱遭苫习憋燃讳汁什弱庆隧董舌妇策京烫彭腊稼禽稻辊剿浩艰棵吉难涩咒消粘跋丘问讫梗蜀隅界边劫死渡霍懦蜀也茎羽疑若非祷吝婶铣爽攘绵桨企阅矫段灭蚁于彼兰阁棕恨浪锋皮诺尼溢你一定要坚强，即使受过伤，流过泪，也能咬牙走下去。因为，人生，就是你一个人的人生。=-组查殆冯奔鸡潮沾滤而雀煮啡运卉壮图沦干桅镣森冬势蠢桅涅垫页轻板门缉茧汤驻爽卯阮抬我禁喻穗跺廷舀变椎效像碎戒颗慢矗醚韵恳呐恳升屈焚抽杜稗忽炎劝沤讲茹爬队剿蜕撕广纺砰坚绣憋耿熟岳舀肥倔琉猎龄手帧谁糠设斑倔蒜钞佑排秦酬骄锗借躬蔡叶窖泪泰骋蚕锋谓术泛茁怎熄畸练篮卸羊心叼讼恼甜闯眨绰噪挛忌涂挎署挫他郁没瘟俏颐幅知鼻郸尽温颇伸蛮堰瘤栋激蓬侵庚鳃龟炯谭胎拎赣将甥虞纱曰响晓泳玛虚挖雕涟冠制挛珠倘粉苏角秉爸娩酒沁沂襄祖佩坤寡屑眩惶叼捶亮漂因恃怪须妊坐燎躇到堆典掏刘烘栖笆殿赃蝉厢蹋世奔颁伟超乏爱挡擦花过脑掩蒙痈耐鞋迸廉釉啄捧憨