北邮英语期末考试.doc

Unit 1 ar
Dialogue: Shopping
Mary： Are you free this weekend? I want to go shopping[1].
Linda： OK. Is there anything that you want to buy?
Mary： Nothing in particular. I just haven't gone shopping for a long time.
Linda： Me neither. Where shall we go?
Mary： What about[2] going to Nu Ren Jie? There are a lot of clothes stores there.
Linda： OK, I haven't been there before. When do you want to go?
Mary： Saturday, then we can rest on Sunday.
Linda： Where do you want to meet up[3]?
Mary： At the Dongzhimen subway station. It's near Nu Ren Jie.
Linda： Alright, see you then.
Practice：
I. Answer the following questions based on the dialogue:
1. Mary just hasn’t gone shopping for_____________.a long time
2. Mary and Linda are going to _____________.Nu Ren Jie
3. There are_____________ clothes stores there. a lot of
4. They are going to meet up at the Dongzhimen subway station on _____________.Saturday
II. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the following words and
expressions:
A. meet up B. in particular C. what about D. neither
1. _____________ the father nor the son is interested in the film. Neither
2. We _____________ again in Singapore last month. met up
3. She stressed that point _____________.in particular
4. _____________ having some bread? What about
Text：Market
A market may be defined as a group of people or firms[1] who have contact with[2] each other[3] with the purpose of[4] exchanging some goods or services. The term “market” at least[5] involves two parties: the sellers and the buyers.
Today，with our complex methods of transport and communication，it is not necessary for buyers and sellers to have direct contact with each other, so it is better not to think of a market in terms of[6] a particular place. Sellers are the suppliers of something of value—–the supply. The buyers are the demanders of something of value—–the demand. Price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand[7].
Practically all goods and services have a price. A car has a price; your father's labor service has a price—–his wage，or salary.
We refer to market demand as the total of all the individual demands for a particular commodity. By individual demand we mean the quantity particular individuals are able and willing to purchase in the market at various price levels at a particular point of time[8].
Changes in demand (increases or decreases) occur with changes in population, wage rates, taxation，fashions，etc.，and mean that more or less of a quantity is demanded at the same price. (217 words)
Practice:
I. True / false statements:
1) The term “market” refers to an area in which buyers and sellers are in close and
constant contact. 　　　　　( 错 )
2) As we know, a market at least involves two parties: the sellers and the buyers.
( 对 )
3) Supplier is a party that supplies goods or services. ( 对 )
4) Price is decided by the interaction of supply and demand. ( 对 )
5) Market demand refers to the price that suppliers in the market are willing to accept. ( 错 )

II. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.
1) She gave us a clear ____definition____ of the question. ( define )
2) He ____purposed____ to visit the United States. ( purpose )
3) These changes in the business ____involve____ the interests of all owners. ( involve )
4) The ____transportation____ was filled with soldiers. ( transport )
5) I don’t think he ____communicates____ his thoughts clearly. ( communication )
6) Continental is one of the world’s biggest ____suppliers____ of grain. ( supply )
7) Professor Smith is ____particularly____ interested in the central nervous system. ( particular )
8) She came with the ____determination____ of staying only two weeks. ( determine )

III. Choose the best item to complete each of the following sentences：
1) This booklet ________ the committee’s functions.
A. defines B. sets up C. allows for D. sends for
2） No one whom Alfred has taught seems ever to ________ him.
A. be correspondence with B. be on speaking terms with
C. lose contact with D. keep terms with
3) Some people go through life with no ________ at all.
A. meaning B. mistake C. purpose D. result
4) She ________ her old car for a new model as soon as she had won the money.
A. exchanged B. replaced C. converted D. interchanged
5) I found it very refreshing to ________ ideas ________ your mother.
A. exchange…with B. keep…from
C. share…with D. contradict…of
6) Professor Wang is compiling an English-Chinese dictionary of chemical ________.
A. terms B. expressions C. words D. vocabulary
7) The plan ________ the cooperation of young and old.
A. involves B. contains C. keeps D. preserves
8) The new mayor must deal with many ________ problems.
A. superficial B. complex C. trifling D. productive
9) Brazilian coffee is usually ________ by ships because this way is cheaper.
A. transported B. transmitted C. transferred D. traded
10) As he had a science degree and varied experience in ________ technology, he found a good job in a communications firm.
A. engineering B. transportation C. nursing D. printing
11) Mrs. Alberta is so ________ about her housework that servants will not work for her.
A. special B. especial C. peculiar D. particular
12) She thought the painting was of little ________, so she let me have it for only ten pounds.
A. cost B. value C. price D. expenses
13) There is a great demand ________ eggs.
A. on B. about C. for D. to
14) The workers ________ a fair wage for their work.
A. appealed B. campaigned C. asked D. demanded
15) Adam ________ applying for a graduate study in the field of theoretical physics in spite of his brother’s opposition.
A. proceeded with B. considered C. determined on D. dreamed of
16) The motion of the planets caused by their gravitational ________, as well as the free fall of bodies, was very well explained by the laws of mechanics.
A. interactions B. intercourse C. interference D. intermission
17) He was paid by the hour, and he managed to keep his family with his pitiful ________.
A. salary B. wages C. stipend D. payment
18) “Death control” ________ to the efforts of scientists and doctors to save people’s lives.
A. means B. refers C. indicates D. suggests
19) You and I as ________ are of no great importance in the history of our nation.
A. people B. relatives C. strangers D. individuals
20) Great ________ of water ________ for cooling purposes.
A. quantities…are needed B. quantity…is needed
C. quantities…are needing D. quantity…is needing
21) We aim at quality rather than ________ as poor quality goods won’t sell well.
A. amount B. quantity C. sum D. number
22) We ________ these raw materials directly from the producers.
A. produce B. manufacture C. manipulate D. purchase
23) I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly ________ to me.
A. happened B. entered C. occurred D. bit
24) A snail is an animal which moves at very slow ________.
A. scale B. walk C. rate D. step
25) When did that style of dress ________?
A. go out of fashion B. become extinct
C. go extremes D. go to the market

IV. Put the following into English:
1) 供与求 supply and demand
2) 商品与服务项目 goods or services
3) 以不同的价格at various price
4) 彼此接触 contact with each other
5) 某个特定的场所 a particular place
6) 劳务服务 labor service
7) 市场需求　market demand
8) 个人需求　individual demand
9) 复杂的通信手段 complex methods of communication

V. Put the following into Chinese：
1) Historically, the self-regulating market economy is a modern rather than an
ancient invention.
从历史角度看，自我调节的市场经济是现代的而不是古老的发明。
2) This kind of economy developed considerably at the time of the English Industrial Revolution.
这种经济在英国工业革命时得到了相当的发展。
3) In freeing people from soil the Industrial Revolution bound them to machines.
工业革命把人们从土地上解脱出来的同时，又把他们束缚在机器上。
4) Of course, need remains the most important reason for buying something.
当然，需求仍然是购物最重要的理由。
5) Knowing the reasons behind decisions to buy things makes a better shopper.
懂得作出购物决定的理由才能成为一个更好的顾客。
6) As we know, a market at least involves two parties: the sellers and the buyers.
众所周知，市场至少包括买卖双方。

VI. Cloze：
John left the United States in 1969 to work in Africa. Africa was hot, and when John came back to the United States in 1979, he said ___1___, “It’s ___2___ here than it was ___3___ I left. I’m going to buy an electric heater（电暖气）. ___4___, everything is much more expensive.”
John went to a store the next day to buy an electric heater. The salesman showed him three ___5___ four different kinds and then said, “And this is our best electric heater. It costs ___6___ money, but it saves half of your electricity, and electricity is very expensive now, ___7___?”
“Yes, it’s very expensive,” John answered, “and it’s becoming worse every year.” He looked at the electric heater carefully, ___8___ for a few seconds and then said, “Well, I’ll take two of ___9___, please, and then I’ll save ___10___my electricity.”
A. much colder B. Also C. isn’t it D. these E. all of
F. a lot of G. before H. to himself I. or J. thought
答案：l) H 2) A 3) G 4) B 5) I 6) F 7) C 8) J 9) D 10) E

Reading for Fun
Words to Know

whereby  [hwɛə'bai]   ad. 靠那个；凭借那个；借以
consumer  [kən'sju:mə]   n. 消费者，用户
intermediary  [intə'mi:diəri]   n. 媒介物，中间人 a. 中间的，媒介的
commerce  ['kɔmə:s]   n. 商业，商务，贸易
virtual  ['və:tjuəl] n. 虚拟 a. 虚拟的
evoke  [i'vəuk]   vt. 唤起，引起
physical  ['fizikəl]   a. 物理的，物质的，体力的，身体的，自然的
analogy  [ə'nælədʒi]   n. 类似，相似；类推，类比
bricks and mortar 实体商店，实体企业，现实世界的传统商店
retailer  ['ri:teilə]   n. 零售商人
Online shopping
Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. It is a form of electronic commerce. An online shop, eshop, e-store, internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping centre. The process is called Business-to-Consumer (B2C) online shopping. When a business buys from another business it is called Business-to-Business (B2B) online shopping.
Unit 1
对话：　购物
玛丽： 这周末有空吗？我想去购物。
琳达：　好啊，你有什么要买的吗？
玛丽：　也没什么特别要买的。我就是好久不去买东西了。
琳达：　我也是。那咱们去哪儿逛呢？
玛丽：　去女人街好不好？那里卖衣服的小店特别多。
琳达：　好啊，我还没去过女人街呢。你想哪天去呢？
玛丽：　周六吧，这样周日还可以休息。
琳达：　你想在哪儿碰头呢？
玛丽：　在东直门地铁站里碰头吧。那儿离女人街很近。
琳达：　好，到时见喽。

课文
市场
市场可解释为一群人或一些商行彼此接触，以达到交换商品或服务的目的。"市场"这一术语至少包括买卖双方。
当今随着复杂的交通工具及通讯手段的出现，买卖双方彼此间不必直接接触，因此最好不要把市场想象为某个特定的场所。卖方供应某些有价值的商品，是供方；而买方则需要某些有价值的货物，是求方。价格多少则由供求双方的相互作用决定。
实际上，所有的商品和服务项目都有其价格。汽车有价格，你父亲的劳动服务也有价格，即他的工资或薪金。
市场需求是指社会所有成员对某种商品需求的总和。所谓个人需求，是指某些个人在一定时间以不同的价格在市场上能够并愿意购到的商品量。
商品的需求量(增加或减少)随人口、工资率、 税收、生活方式等而变化。这就是说，虽然价格不变，需要的商品是可能增加，也可能减少。
3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。
B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。√
C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。Ｘ
C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错
C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。√
C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。×
C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。×
C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。×
C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。√
C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。X
D当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本
中。×
D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。×
F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。√
F废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。Ｘ
F分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。(√)
G各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错
G工资费用就是成本项目。(×)
G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品成本中。对
J计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。(√)
J简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。(×)
J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对
J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。√
J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，X
K可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错
K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。Ｘ
P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。×
Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。Ｘ
Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过“应付工资”科目核算。Ｘ
S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。Ｘ
S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。(×)
W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对
Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对
Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。X
Y以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。X
Y原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。Ｘ
Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。(×)
Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对
Z直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。X
Z逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。√

A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末(可能有月末余额/可能有借方余额/可能有贷方余额/可能无月末余额)。
A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)