汉译英增词和减词.ppt

增译法和减译法增译法和减译法Amplification and Omission.教教学学目目的的要要求求：在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。教教学学重重点点：增词法和减词法（代词和连词）教教学学难难点点：汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。.一、为了保证语法结构的完整：代代词词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。1大作收到，十分高兴。Iamverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.2没有调查就没有发言权。He whomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.3把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。Afteryouhavereadthesestories,telltheminyourownwords.4我们响应了祖国的号召。We responded to the call of our motherland.5她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands,asiftoprotecthereyes.6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。The children take their lunch to schooleveryday.7我们的心永远向着祖国。Ourheartsarealwaystowards our motherland.连连词词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。1.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lagbehind.2留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.3村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。Men and women,old and young in thevillage,all liked shopping in that smallsupermarket.4我妈妈来了，我得回去了。My mother has arrived,so I have to leavenow.5送君千里，终有一别。Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。1我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。Weshouldtrytoeliminatethedifferences betweentownandcountry.2你白天还是晚上飞广州？Do you fly to Guangzhou in thedaytimeoratnight?3那我们山脚见吧。Letsmeet atthefootofthehill.增补冠词汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一，名词前一般都有冠词，汉译英时要增补冠词。.她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。Sheconsideredhimnotafather-in-lawbut afather.我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。Wemustmakea comprehensiveanalysisof problem before it can be properlysolved.二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。文中暗含的意思：文中暗含的意思：1大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。Everyone knows that life on theKoreanbattlefieldwasratherhard.2要提倡顾全大局。We should advocate the spirit oftaking the whole situation intoconsideration.添加注释性的词语：添加注释性的词语：1班门弄斧ShowoffonesproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuban,themastercarpenter.Show off ones skills with the axebeforeanexpertcarpenter.2三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.3.这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。Thisyoungcoupleisnotwell-matched,oneisaXishi,-afamousChinesebeauty,whiletheother is a Zhangfeia well-known ill-temperedbrute.4.滥竽充数：pretend to play the yu(an ancient musicalinstrument)and retain ones position in theorchestra;(of incompetent people or inferiorgoods)betherejusttomakeupthenumber.增加概括性的词语增加概括性的词语1.结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。The practice of giving lavish feasts atweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.2.也许您忘记了月份的购货帐还没有结算。PerhapsyouhaveoverlookedthefactthatyouraccountforJulypurchaseshasnotyetbeensettled.Omission一、省译汉语中重复出现的词语1我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。We should be loyal to our party,to ourpeopleandtoourmotherland.2我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。Wemustadheretothesocialistroad,thepeoplesdemocraticdictatorship,theCommunistPartysleadershipandMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought.3.质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。Aprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.4.郭末若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“Thepeople of China have always beencourageous enough to probe intothings,to make inventions and tomakerevolution.”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“Thepeople of China have always beencourageousinexploration,innovationandrevolution.”.二、原文中表示范畴的词：1.基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面，中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车。The Chinese embassy in Iraq has orderedtwobulletproofcarsfromGermanyduetothesocialunrestandupheavalinIraqatpresent.2.在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业。Under the leadership of the Party,theChinese people have succeeded in theirliberation.三省略可能影响译文修辞效果的词语汉语中，有时为了语言生动，常用具体形象词语或成语比喻；有时为了加强语气，可连续使用好几个短语，在翻译这类句子时，某些词语往往省译，译出主要的和不可缺少的词语就可以了。例：匪军所到，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极。Whereverthebandittroopswent,theymassacredandraped,burnedandlooted,andstoppedatnothing.花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。（周而复上海的早晨）Thegardenwasaparadiseonearth,withmorefoodandclothesthancouldbeconsumedandmoremoneythancouldbespent.1.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。Formanyyears,therehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.2.这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。Thenewcarsarefast,efficientandhandy.3.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。Wewontretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.4Therewasnosnow,buttheleavesweregonefromthetreesandthegrasswasdead.译文1：天还未还没有雪，但是叶子已经从树上落下，草也枯死了。译文2：雪还没下，但已叶落草枯。.5Thetruejoyofjoysisthejoythatjoysinthejoyofothers.6.Itisntrumforawomantowantheroldhusbandback,forrespectability,thoughforamantowanthisoldwifebackwell,perhapsitisfunny,rather!（Jude the Obscure）.一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是很有趣的事。.