仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-203ENROUTECHARTS.ppt

ENROUTEEnroute and Area ChartsEnroute Chartsn nLow Altitude Enroute Chartsn nBelow 18,000MSLn nVictor Airwaysn nLarger Scale/Smaller Arean nHigh Altitude Enroute Chartsn n18,000MSL up to FL450n nJet Routesn nSmaller Scale/Larger AreaLow Altitude vs.Sectional Chartsn nAn IFR enroute chart does not shown ntopography featuresn ncontour linesn nobstruction heightsn nroads,cities,townsn nHas airports,large bodies of water,and airway information necessary for IFR navigation you navigate by reference to instruments not pilotage.IFR Low Altitude En Route Chart“L-Charts”nEffective dates,and Scale are printed on map.nThe en route charts are revised every 56 days.Chart ScalenEffective dates,and Scale are printed on map.nThe en route charts are revised every 56 days.Chart Location PanelFront PanelnCitiesn nin black when an area chart exists otherwise,greenn n(Exception:Phoenix has area chart,but(Exception:Phoenix has area chart,but FAA has not updated the front panel of the FAA has not updated the front panel of the enroute chart to reflect the change)enroute chart to reflect the change)nTime ZonesnChart Legendsn nUse them!NAVAID BlocksnNow well look at some selected NAVAID symbols and identify some of the characteristics of each NAVAID selected.Compass Rose oriented to magnetic NorthVHF/UHF in Black LF/MF in BrownVOR VORTACVOR/DMETACANLow/Medium frequency NDBUltra High Frequency NDBNDB/DMECompass Locator BeaconFlight Service Station/(RCO)Localizer Symbol,if X-hatch left,backcourseL-28,Panel ELow/Medium frequency NDBLocalizer used for an en-route navigation fixCompass Locator Beacon(LOM)VOR VORTACComparison of Jepp&NACONACOVictor Airwaysn nVictor Airways include the airspace extending from 1,200 feet AGL up to,but not including 18,000 feet MSL.n nCourses are magnetic,distances are in NM.n n“V”stands for VHFn nconnects VOR,VORTAC,VOR/DMEn nNumberingn nEven is east/westn nOdd is north/southn nShared airways:all numbers shown8 nm width EXCEPT.widens to 4.5 degrees when airway segment is more than 102 NM(more than 51 NM to nearest VOR)V287-495-500 Confluence of airwaysV520(even)oriented east/westVictor Airway V23V165(odd)oriented north/southReporting PointsnCompulsory Reporting Points are reporting points which must be reported to ATC.Designated on charts by solid triangles or filed in a flight plan as fixes selected to define direct routes.These points are defined as geographical locations which are defined by navigation aids/fixes.n nReporting Points are geographical locations in relation to which the position of an aircraft is reported.L-1,Panel DCompulsory reporting pointNon-compulsory reporting pointHolding PatternNavAid radials and bearingsTotal Mileagein boxLeg Mileage(not in box)DME Fixopen arrowComputer Nav Fix/mileage break indicates a change in courseDME MileageOverall Mileage(Military)Direction of flight(Canada only)VOR Changeover point-COPDME distance from NavAid to fixCOPTotal MileageLeg MileageL-28,Panels E,FAirway SymbologynSegment mileage/Navaid mileagenMileage break pointn nmarked by a small“x”n ncourse changes directionn nno intersection is designatedIntersections and DMEnIntersectionsn ntrianglen n5 letter namesn nAn intersection defined by DME is shown by an open arrow with bordered“D”n nif its the first intersection,then just an arrow-same as leg distance Jepp vs NacoMEAL-28,Panel FMinimum Enroute Altitude(MEA)nLowest published altitude between radio fixes that guarantees:n n 1)obstruction clearance:n n2,000 for mountainousn n1,000 for non-mountainousn n2)adequate navigation signal reception n nMEA Gap can be up to 65 nmn nOnly guarantees obstruction clearanceMOCAOROCAMinimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude(MOCA)n nAsterisk precedes the altituden nEnsures reliable navigational signal coverage only within 22nm of facilityn ngenerally is used as an emergency altitude but generally is used as an emergency altitude but ATC may assign if within 22 NMATC may assign if within 22 NMn nmeets obstacle clearance requirements for the meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segmententire route segmentOff-Airway Navigationn nYou are responsible for own minimum altitude(14 CFR Part 91.177)(14 CFR Part 91.177)n n1,000 above highest obstacle within 4nm of your intended coursen n2,000 for mountainous areas(see AIM 5-6-5)(see AIM 5-6-5)n nConsider standard service volumesnOROCA(Off Route Obstruction Clearance(Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude)-Altitude)-similar to MEFs(max elevation figures)(max elevation figures)except safe altitude includes standard IFR obstruction clearancen nGrid AltitudesGrid AltitudesMaximum Authorized Altitude-MAAnnA published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude for a route segment.nAt higher altitudes it might be possible to receive two or more VORs simultaneously on the same frequency,making the signals unreliable for navigation.The MAA is the highest altitude that can be flown that guarantees that only one signal at a time will be received on a given frequency.Quiz#61.1.What are the takeoff minimums for aircraft with one engineWhat are the takeoff minimums for aircraft with one engine2.2.What is RVRWhat is RVR3.3.What is a DP,if we do not want to do a DP what should we do?What is a DP,if we do not want to do a DP what should we do?4.4.What is the standard DP?What is the standard DP?5.5.What is TERPS,and what do they do?What is TERPS,and what do they do?6.6.Can we use feet per nautical mile in our aircraft?If not how can we convert Can we use feet per nautical mile in our aircraft?If not how can we convert it?it?7.7.How often are IFR How often are IFR enrouteenroute charts updated?charts updated?8.8.What are the dimensions of a victor airway?What are the dimensions of a victor airway?9.9.What is the difference between a MEA,and MOCA?What is the difference between a MEA,and MOCA?10.10.Identify the following featuresIdentify the following features1.1.A A2.2.B B3.3.C C4.4.D DQuiz#71.1.What is a clearance void time?What is a clearance void time?2.2.What is a LAHSO clearance,and do we have to accept it?What is a LAHSO clearance,and do we have to accept it?3.3.What indications will you see on the What indications will you see on the pitotpitot static instruments when using the static instruments when using the alternate static source?alternate static source?4.4.What are the required What are the required equipmentsequipments for IFR flight?for IFR flight?5.5.What causes precession?What causes precession?6.6.What is CFIT?What is CFIT?7.7.What is the purpose of a circle to land approach?What is the purpose of a circle to land approach?8.8.What are the standard takeoff minimums?What are the standard takeoff minimums?9.9.What is the difference between the MEA,MOCA,and OROCA?What is the difference between the MEA,MOCA,and OROCA?10.10.How often are IFR How often are IFR enrouteenroute charts updated?charts updated?MAAMinimum Reception AltitudeMRAnThe lowest altitude at which the off-airway navaid for an intersection can be received.L-28,Panel GMRAMinimum Crossing Altitude(MCA)nThe lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en route IFR altitude(MEA).Directional MCANormally begin climb to new MEA at fix.-Sufficient with normal IFR climb gradient(changes with altitude)-In some places there is a need for MCA due to fast rising terrain or obstructions in the direction of travelL-1,Panel BMCAChangeover Point(COP)Three situations to change VOR frequencies:1)at changeover point(COP)2)where a course change occurs(mileage breakpoint)3)midpoint of airway leg Navigation reception limits may cause COP to be located other than midpointShows distance in nm to each VORAltitude DesignatorsNote T bar across airway to denote change in MEAnHere well look at some selected communications data that are depicted on the En Route Low Altitude Chart Communications Section.Communication Boxes NAVAID Communication Box-Underlined frequency No VoiceFrequency protection indicator Identifies it as a TVORTACAN channels not underlinedOverprint check NOTAMsTWEBAutomated weather codes i.e.A,H,T in communications boxStar indicates part-time or on requestPaired DME channel and LF navaidWaypoint symbolL-28,Panel FCRRIS WaypointShadow Boxes on communication NAVAIDs indicate a Flight Service Station.Frequencies 122.2,255.4 and emergency freq.121.5 and 243.0 are normally available and are not shown.Certain FSSs provide Local Airport Advisory on 123.6.“R”Means the FSS Receives on that freq.,pilot listens on NAVAID frequencyFSSs not associated with a NAVAID have no internal info except name and idFSS Frequencies above boxControlling FSS name below communication box.Airport official name and three letter identifierAutomatic Terminal Information Service-ATIS-If Asterisk preceding frequency less than continuous operationChart Panel identification letterTower FrequenciesBWI Approach Control frequenciesGround Control frequencyClearance Delivery frequencyDeparture Control frequenciesDesignated sector operationsDesignated sector operationsClass C airspace with continuous operationClearance Delivery frequencyDeparture Control frequenciesRichmond Intl Approach Control frequencyAsterisk preceding frequency less than continuous operationCommunicationn nFSS Frequenciesn nalways in 120 MHz rangen nNACO shows entire frequencyn nHeavy lined box for 122.2:other frequencies listed above the boxn nEmergency frequency 121.5 not shownn nHIWAS(Hazardous InFlight Weather Advisory Service)n nCurrent symbol:circle Hn nsmall black box:-OLD QUESTION!small black box:-OLD QUESTION!Name and identifier of an FSS not associated with a NAVAID Identified on chart by a heavy shadowControlling FSS nameControlling FSS nameL-28,Panel EGround Communication OutletA Ground Communication Outlet(GCO)is an unstaffed,remotely controlled,ground communications facility.Pilots at uncontrolled airports may contact ATC and FSS via VHF radio to a telephone connection to obtain an instrument clearance or close a VFR or IFR flight plan.They may also get an updated weather briefing.Pilots will use four“key clicks”on the VHF radio to contact the appropriate ATC facility or six“key clicks”to contact the FSS.The A/FD reference:(GCO)indicates that a ground communication outlet is available.Ground Communications Outlet(GCO)Communicationn nTWEB(Transcribed Weather Broadcast)n ncircled“T”in upper right hand cornern nBoundaries between ARTCCsn nRemote Communication Outlet(RCO)n nprovides adequate comm.coverage throughout the area served by AFSS.n nExtend FSS area of coverageRemote Communications Outlet(RCO)is an unmanned air/ground communications facility,remotely controlled and providing UHF or VHF communications capability to extend the service range of an FSS.These frequencies provide direct radio communication with the associated FSS,(not ATC),rather than making an automated telephone connection as is the case with the GCO.The A/FD reference:(RCO)indicates that a remote communication outlet is available.Remote Communications Outlet(RCO)AirportsnThose with IAPsnprinted in blue or greennThose without IAPsnprinted in brownnLegends give most code information about an airportAirport Data Block Legends PanelnnAirport SymbolsnnAirport ClassificationsnnAirport ColorsnnOfficial Airport NamennClass of AirspacennAirport Elevation(MSL)nnAirport LightingnnLength of the Longest RunwaynnAutomatic Terminal Information Service(ATIS)L-28,Panel EMilitaryDouble CircleCivilian with no military charts publishedCivilian,but with military“FLIP Charts”publishedCivilian with no instrument approach proceduresVOR Airways are designated as Victor AirwaysLF/MF routes are brown and are identified by name and numberUncontrolled Airways are noted by dashed linesOceanic Routes are identified by letters in boxesUnusable routes are over-written by a zig-zagAlternate,or Substitute routes are seen as a series of circlesOverprint Check NotamsUnusable RouteAlternate RouteL-28,Panel FHIWASWilliamsport FSSDME DistanceNon-Compulsory reporting pointAirspacenControlled airspace is white.nUncontrolled is brown(NACO).nClass B-solid blue lines filled with light blue shadingnClass C-Blue shading with a broken blue outlinenLetter“C”or“D”in a box following airport nameMore AirspacenNO SVFR above airport namenProhibited and restricted areas:n nblue hatching around the edges of all special use airspace except MOAs.n nMOAs have brown hatched edgesnMilitary Training Routes depictedn nInformation listed by shading,and in tabular form on chart panel.Special Use Airspace/Military Operations Area ListingnLocated on inside of the appropriate chart,normally starting on Panel A.It includes an index and the definitions for all of the Special Use Airspace and Military Operations Areas within the chart area.L-28,Panel FRestricted Area R-4001AMilitary Operations AreaL-28,Panel EAirspace Symbols/BoundariesnnWhile VFR airspace boundaries are somewhat less meaningful in a practical sense to the IFR pilot,there are numerous IFR-specific symbols and boundaries depicted on the En route Low Altitude charts that are very important.nnWe can see descriptions of many of those depicted on the En route Low Altitude Chart Boundaries LegendARTCC BoundaryARTCC FrequenciesADIZIn Addition To The Terminal Radar Found At Class B And C Airports,There Are 20 Air Route Traffic Control Centers(ARTCC,Or Just“Centers”For Short)ARTCCARTCC Remoted Sites with discrete VHF and UHF frequenciesAir Route Traffic Control Center(ARTCC)BoundaryAir Defense Identification Zone(ADIZ)Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude(OROCA)L-27,Panels B,CMilitary RouteClass B AirspaceClass B Airspace BoundaryInternational BoundaryOfficial Time ZoneMilitary Training Route StructurennIR and VR routes used by the Department of Defense and associated Reserve and Air Guard units for the purpose of conducting low-altitude navigation and tactical training in both IFR and VFR weather conditions below 10,000 feet MSL at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS.nnMTR Numbers(IR/VR)and altitude range are located on front panel in brown color of IFR En Route Low Altitude chart.Visual Route (VR)-VFRVisual Route (VR)-VFR Instrument Route (IR)-IFRInstrument Route (IR)-IFRArea ChartsnPurposen nportray dense hubs in a larger scalen nimprove readabilityn nprovide more detailnValuable information on:n narrival and departure routesn nspeed limit pointsnNames of cities with area in blackArea ChartsnnThe purpose of the Area chart is to furnish terminal data at a larger scale in congested areas.nnThe data depicted is located in Panels with the scale located adjacent to the city.Generally 1”=5-8.5 NMnnThe area charts are revised every 56 days in conjunction with en route charts.A2-Area Chart Cities-A1Example of the St.Louis Area Chart