工作危害分析Job-hazard-analysis.ppt

The world leader in industrial and medical gasesConducting An EffectiveAn introduction to the“Five Step Process”of Job Hazard Analysis(JHA)1The world leader in industrial and medical gasesHouse KeepingRegistration&Sign In Smoking Restrooms Class Schedule-Breaks2The world leader in industrial and medical gasesWelcome!IntroductionsaName,Position Job TitleaTell us about yourselfaWhat do you know about Job Hazard Analysis(JHAs)?3The world leader in industrial and medical gasesGoalsGiven the information and exercises in this workshop,you will be able to:aExplain to others why JHAs are importantaRecognize how the JHA can be a valuable planning,production,profit and safety tool.aKnow the five-step process and complete a JHA4The world leader in industrial and medical gasesForm TeamsElect a team leaderSelect a spokespersonEveryone is a recorderLets get to work!5The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Key TermsWhats a Job?Whats a Hazard?Whats an exposure?What is Analysis?6The world leader in industrial and medical gasesActivityWorkers in their first year with their employer account for more than 50%of disabling claims.Why?(list three possible explanations)7The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJSA PurposeEffective JHAs help the employer recognize and control hazards and exposures in the workplace.How might the employees perception of a “hazard”differ from that of the employer or supervisor?8The world leader in industrial and medical gasesActivityWhy is a JHA more effective than walk-around inspections in reducing accidents in the workplace?9The world leader in industrial and medical gasesProbabilityProbability is defined as:the chance that a given event will occur.10The world leader in industrial and medical gasesProbabilityWe can determine the safety probability based on the following:aThe number of employees exposed;aThe frequency and duration of exposure;aThe proximity of employees to the danger zone;11The world leader in industrial and medical gasesProbabilityWe can determine the safety probability based on the following:a Factors which require work under stress;a Lack of proper training and supervision or improper workplace design;ora Other factors which may significantly influence the degree of probability of an accident occurring.12The world leader in industrial and medical gasesProbability RatingThe probability rating is:a Low-If the factors considered indicate it would be unlikely that an accident could occur;a Medium-If the factors considered indicate it would be likely that an accident could occur;ora High-If the factors considered indicate it would be very likely that an accident could occur.13The world leader in industrial and medical gasesSeverityThe degree of injury or illness which is reasonably predictable.14The world leader in industrial and medical gasesSeverityThe severity is based on the following schedule:a Other Than Serious-Conditions that could cause injury or illness to employees but would not include serious physical harm.(first aid for example)a Serious Physical Harm-(example:all recordable injuries and illnesses)a Death15The world leader in industrial and medical gasesDecision Making Matrix416The world leader in industrial and medical gasesActivityPicking Apples:There are 20 workers picking apples.The orchard is made up of 400 trees.The workers are paid based on how much each one of them picks.Well-maintained equipment is provided but there is no training.The owner or the foreman will be in the general area most of the time.17The world leader in industrial and medical gasesActivity18The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Step 1Step One-Watch the work being doneWhat are some effective methods to watch the work being done?19The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Step 1Step One-Watch the work being doneWhy is it important to involve the employee?20The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Step 2Step Two-Break the job down into stepsStep 1 Step 2Step 3Step 421The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Step 3Step Three-Describe the hazards in each step of the task.One of the primary purposes of the JHA is to make the job safer.The information gathered in this step will be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or reduce hazards associated with the job,and improve the system weaknesses that produced them.22The world leader in industrial and medical gasesIdentifying types of hazardsAcceleration:When we speed up or slow down too quicklyToxic:Toxic to skin and internal organs.Radiation:Non-ionizing-burns,Ionizing-destroys tissue.23The world leader in industrial and medical gasesIdentifying types of hazardsErgonomics:Eight risk factorsa1.High Frequency;a2.High Duration;a3.High Force;a4.Posture;a5.Point of Operation;a6.Mechanical Pressure;a7.Vibration;a8.Environmental Exposure.24The world leader in industrial and medical gasesIdentifying types of hazardsPressure:Increased pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems.Mechanical:Pinch points,sharp points and edges,weight,rotating parts,stability,ejected parts and materials,impact.Flammability/Fire:In order for combustion to take place,the fuel and oxidizer must be present in gaseous form.25The world leader in industrial and medical gasesIdentifying types of hazardsBiological:Primarily airborne and blood borne viruses.Violence In The Workplace:Any violent act that occurs in the workplace and creates a hostile work environment that affects employees physical or psychological well-being.26The world leader in industrial and medical gasesIdentifying types of hazardsExplosives:Explosions result in large amounts of gas,heat,noise,light and over-pressure.Electrical Contact:Inadequate insulation,broken electrical lines or equipment,lightning strike,static discharge etc.Chemical Reactions:Chemical reactions can be violent,can cause explosions,dispersion of materials and emission of heat.27The world leader in industrial and medical gasesAccident TypesStruck-by:aA person is forcefully struck by an object.The force of contact is provided by the object.Struck-against:aA person forcefully strikes an object.The person provides the force or energy.Contact-by:aContact by a substance or material that,by its very nature,is harmful and causes injury.28The world leader in industrial and medical gasesAccident TypesContact-with:aA person comes in contact with a harmful substance or material.The person initiates the contact.Caught-on:aA person or part of his/her clothing or equipment is caught on an object that is either moving or stationary.This may cause the person to lose his/her balance and fall,be pulled into a machine,or suffer some other harm.Caught-in:aA person or part of him/her is trapped,or otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure.29The world leader in industrial and medical gasesAccident TypesCaught-between:aA person is crushed,pinched or otherwise caught between a moving and a stationary object,or between two moving objects.Fall-to-surface:aA person slips or trips and falls to the surface he/she is standing or walking on.Fall-to-below:aA person slips or trips and falls to a level below the one he/she was walking or standing on.30The world leader in industrial and medical gasesAccident TypesOver-exertion:aA person over-extends or strains himself/herself while performing work.Bodily reaction:aCaused solely from stress imposed by free movement of the body or assumption of a strained or unnatural body position.A leading source of injury.Over-exposure:aOver a period of time,a person is exposed to harmful energy(noise,heat),lack of energy(cold),or substances(toxic chemicals/atmospheres).31The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Step 4Step Four Control Measures.It is now time to identify the desired control measures for each hazard.32The world leader in industrial and medical gasesThe Hierarchy of ControlsEngineering controls.Management controls.Personal Protective Equipment(PPE).33The world leader in industrial and medical gasesEngineering ControlsConsist of substitution,isolation,ventilation,and equipment modification.These controls focus on the source of the hazard,unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard.The basic concept behind engineering controls is that,to the extent feasible,the work environment and the job itself should be designed to eliminate hazards or reduce exposure to hazards 34The world leader in industrial and medical gasesManagement ControlsManagement controls may result in a reduction of exposure through such methods as changing work habits,improving sanitation and hygiene practices,or making other changes in the way the employee performs the job.35The world leader in industrial and medical gasesPersonal Protective EquipmentWhen exposure to hazards cannot be engineered completely out of normal operations or maintenance work,and when safe work practices and administrative controls cannot provide sufficient additional protection from exposure,personal protective clothing and/or equipment may be required.36The world leader in industrial and medical gasesJHA Step 5 Step Five-Safe Operating ProcedureThe“Safe Operating Procedure”is the last page of the JHA.It is a narrative or written summary of the JHA worksheets.Note that there are three sections:37The world leader in industrial and medical gasesAny Questions38