初中英语语法动词时态.ppt

动词时态动词时态1-初中初中阶阶段段8种种时态时态：1.一般一般现现在在时时2.一般一般过过去去时时3.一般将来一般将来时时4.现现在在进进行行时时5.过过去去进进行行时时6.现现在完成在完成时时7.过过去完成去完成时时8.过过去将来去将来时时2-(1)一般一般现现在在时时:1.表示表示经经常反复常反复发发生的生的动动作作.2.e.g.They often spend their holidays in the south.3.常搭配的常搭配的时间时间状状语语:4.always often usually sometimes5.seldom never from time to time 6.now and then(偶偶尔尔)every day every.7.once a week 8.2.表示状表示状态态:9.e.g.He is busy at the moment.10.3.表示客表示客观观真理真理,谚语谚语,格言格言.11.e.g.The sun sets in the west.3-4.用与用与时间时间或条件状或条件状语语从句中从句中,代替一般将来代替一般将来时时:e.g.I will be happy if you all come.We will go when he comes.(2)现现在在进进行行时时1.表示表示说话时说话时正在正在进进行的行的动动作作.2.e.g.He is walking towards the plane.3.2.表示目前一表示目前一阶阶段正在段正在进进行行(但但说话时说话时不一定在不一定在进进行行)的的动动作作:4.e.g.We are writing a paper these days.4-一般一般现现在在时时与与现现在在进进行行时时的区的区别别1.进进行行时时强强调动调动作正在作正在进进行行,而而现现在在时时强强调动调动作的作的经经常和反复常和反复,或特征或特征,这类动这类动作没有作没有时间时间性的性的.2.某些表示感官知某些表示感官知觉觉的的动词动词如如:see,hear,smell,taste等表示感等表示感觉觉,用一般用一般时时,不用不用进进行行时时.3.e.g.Do you see a plane in the sky?4.注意注意:1)feel 可以用一般可以用一般时时和和进进行行时时表示表示说话说话时时的感的感觉觉:5.e.g.I am not feeling well today.6.How are you feeling today?7.I feel tired.8.2)see,hear 有相有相应应表示表示动动作的作的动词动词 look at/listen to,这这些些词词可以用可以用进进行行时时5-比比较较:Do you see a map on the wall?He is looking at a map on the wall.I hear a strange noise from the car engine.He is listening to the music.3.有些表示有些表示状状态态或心理感或心理感觉觉的的动词动词一般不用一般不用现现在在进进行行时时,而用一般而用一般现现在在时时表示表示状状态态或感或感觉觉,如如 love,like,hate,want,need,wish,know(知道知道),understand(懂得懂得),remember(记记得得),believe,guess(认为认为),mean(意味着意味着),think(认认为为),feel(认为认为),fit(合适合适),find(认为认为),show(表明表明),have(有有)e.g.I hope you will enjoy your meal.I want to visit them tomorrow.6-4.当有些感当有些感觉动词词义转变觉动词词义转变,成成为为表示表示动动作的作的动词动词时时,可以用可以用进进行行时时:e.g.Now I see the liquid in the glass has turned red.He is seeing his friend off at the airport.I think they will come.We are all thinking hard.The report shows the problem is serious.He is showing them around our school.7-Exercise:1.Water _(freeze)at the temperature 0.2.The air _(keep)moving all the time.3.The town _(lie)to the west of the hill.4.I _(believe)you _ tell the truth now.5.-_ my son _(work)hard this term?6.-Oh,yes,he _(try)his best now.7.6._ the hat _(fit)me well?8.7.What has happened to the fish,Mary?9.-Mum,the cat _(eat)the fish.Just now the cat _(jump)onto the table and _(eat)it up.10.8.Sam _(live)in the small town for five years during the war.11.9.It is ages since I last _(see)you.You _(grow)taller.12.10.He wont tell us where he _(get)the book.freezeskeepsliesbelieve are tellingIs working is tryingDoes fit has eatenjumpedate lived saw have growngot8-(3)一般一般过过去去时时 1.表示表示过过去某一具体去某一具体时间发时间发生生过过的的动动作作.2.e.g.I reviewed my lessons last night.3.注意注意:1)有有时时句中句中虽虽然然没有表示确定没有表示确定过过去去时间时间的状的状语语,但根据上下文情景可以推断出是但根据上下文情景可以推断出是过过去去发发生生过过的的动动作作,此此时时也也应应用一般用一般过过去去时时4.e.g.I was sorry to learn of your illness.5.I didnt know he was your father.6.2)描述已故之人的描述已故之人的动动作或状作或状态态用用一般一般过过去去时时.7.e.g.Edison invented the electric light.8.2.表示表示过过去去经经常反复常反复发发生的生的动动作作.9.e.g.Peter often played basketball when he was in college.9-3.表示主表示主语过语过去的状去的状态态或特征或特征.e.g.It was rainy last week.He was a taxi driver years ago.4.在在时间时间,条件状条件状语语从句中代替从句中代替过过去将来去将来时时.e.g.He would give her the book if he saw her.(4)过过去去进进行行时时1.表示表示过过去去某一某一时时刻刻正在正在进进行的行的动动作作.2.e.g.3.He was doing shopping this time yesterday.4.We were having a discussion at that time.5.2.表示表示过过去去某一某一阶阶段段正在正在进进行的行的动动作作.10-(4)过过去去进进行行时时1.表示表示过过去去某一某一时时刻刻正在正在进进行的行的动动作作.2.e.g.3.He was doing shopping this time yesterday.4.We were having a discussion at that time.5.2.表示表示过过去去某一某一阶阶段段正在正在进进行的行的动动作作.6.e.g.Peter was playing chess the whole afternoon yesterday.7.We were having a meeting from nine to eleven yesterday.8.3.用与用与 when,while,as引引导导的表示的表示过过去的从句去的从句:9.(注意注意,这样这样的的动词动词必必须须可以持可以持续续)10.e.g.While I was watching TV,the telephone rang.11-As we were leaving,some of our friends arrived.When we were playing in the playground,it began to rain.过过去去进进行行时时与一般与一般过过去去时时的区的区别别:过过去去进进行行时时强强调过调过去某去某时时刻或刻或阶阶段段动动作的作的进进行行,不表明不表明动动作的完成作的完成,而一般而一般过过去去时时表示表示过过去某去某动动作已作已发发生生,表明表明动动作已完成作已完成.e.g.He was writing a composition last night.(作文不一定完成作文不一定完成)He wrote a composition last night.(作文肯定作文肯定写完了写完了)12-(5)现现在完成在完成时时I.构成：构成：have/has+动词动词的的过过去分去分词词II.用法：用法：III.1.表示表示说话说话前某一个前某一个时时刻刻发发生的生的动动作之作之结结果果对对现现在的在的影响影响。IV.e.g.I have already sent him a card.V.They have bought a new house.VI.常用的常用的时间时间状状语语：already,just,yetVII.2.表示从表示从过过去某一去某一时间时间持持续续到到说话时为说话时为止的止的动动作或状作或状态态，常与常与 “for+时间时间段段”或或“since+时间时间点点”的的时间时间状状语连语连用。用。VIII.e.g.We have learned English for about three years.IX.He has been here since last term.13-III.现现在完成在完成时时与一般与一般过过去去时时的区的区别别：1)完成完成时时强强调过调过去去发发生的生的动动作的作的结结果和影响；而果和影响；而一般一般过过去去时时强强调动调动作作发发生的生的时间时间，地点，方式，地点，方式等，等，与与现现在没有在没有联联系。系。e.g.I have just had breakfast.I had breakfast a moment ago.(时间时间）I have finished my homework.I finished my home at home.（地点）（地点）2）现现在完成在完成时时表示的持表示的持续续状状态态强强调调持持续续到到说话说话时为时为止，止，与与现现在有在有联联系，系，而一般而一般过过去去时时表示的持表示的持续续状状态态强强调过调过去某段去某段时间时间的的经历经历，与与现现在没有在没有联联系。系。14-e.g.The Greens have stayed in China for a year.The Greens stayed in China for a year during the war.I have learned computer for some time.I learned computer for some time while in middle school.15-IV.不可持不可持续动词续动词与可持与可持续动词续动词1）常）常见见的的词词：leave die put on fail ill be away be dead wear be ill borrow catch a cold buy join the army keep have a cold have be in the army2)不可持不可持续动词续动词不能与不能与“for+时间时间段段”或或since+时间时间点点”连连用，用，应应改用持改用持续续性性动词动词。I have bought a calculator.I have bought the calculator for a week.I have had the calculator for a week.16-e.g.He has had the watch for a month.He bought the watch a month ago.My brother has been in the army for a year.My brother joined the army one year ago.但是：但是：不可持不可持续动词续动词的的否定否定结结构构可以与可以与”for+时时间间段段”或或since+时间时间点点”连连用。用。e.g.I havent met my teacher of English for a year.We havent met each other since he left.17-3)till/until 用法用法 可持可持续动词续动词+till/until :“某某动动作一直持作一直持续续到到”not+不可持不可持续动词续动词+till/until:“直到直到才才”e.g.I will stay until he comes.I wont leave until he comes.V.现现在完成在完成时时特例：特例：It is+时间时间段段+since e.g.It is two days since he left.It is six weeks since they came here.It is about a year since they joined the army.18-(6)过过去完成去完成时时I.构成：构成：had+动词动词的的过过去分去分词词II.表示表示过过去的去的过过去去III.常用与：常用与：1）搭配）搭配时间时间状状语语：by/by the end of +过过去的去的时间时间点点 before+过过去的去的时间时间点点 e.g.by the end of last term by five o clock (过过去去)before he moved here 2）主句是）主句是过过去去时时的从句的从句 e.g.He said that he had been a worker for five years.19-3)根据上下文情景来体根据上下文情景来体现现：I met Mary in the street one morning.She had changed greatly.I met Peter yesterday.We hadnt seen each other for five years.20-