剑桥雅思真题.pdf

Test 1 LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Questions 1-4 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. NOTES ON SOCIAL PROGERAMME Example Answer Number of trips per month 5 Visit places which have: Historical interest good 1_ 2_ Cost: between 5.00 and 15.00 per person Note: special trips organized for groups of 3_people Time: departure 8.30 a.m. return 6.00 p.m. To reserve a seat: sing mane on the 4_3 days in advance Questions 5-10 Complete the table blew. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. WEEKEND TRIPS Place Date Number of seats Optional extra St Ives 5_ 16 Hepworth Museum London 16th February 45 6_ 7_ 3rd March 18 S.S. Great Britain Salisbury 18th March 50 Stonehenge Bath 23rd March 16 8_ For further information: Read the 9_ or see Social Assistant: Jane 10_ SECTION 2 Questions 11-20 Questions 11-13 Complete the sentence below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE 11 Riverside Village was a good place to start an industry because it had water, raw materials and fuels such as _and_. . 12 The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by _ who lived in the area. 13 There were over _ water-powered mills in the area in the eighteenth century. Questions 14-20 Label the plan below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. The Works Office The Stables The 17_ The 18_ The 16_ The 15_ Toilets The 19 The Engine Room The Grinding Shop Yard 20_ The for the workers Entrance River Car Park 14_Road SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Questions 21 and 22 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 21 Melanie says she has not started the assignment because A she was doing work for another course. B it was s really big assignment. C she hasnt spent time in the library. 22 The lecture says that reasonable excuses for extensions are A planning problems. B problems with assignment. C personal illness or accident. Questions 23-27 What recommendation does Dr Johnson make about the journal articles? Choose your answers for the box and write the letters A-G next to questions 23-27. Example Melanie could not borrow any books from the library because A the library was out. B she didnt have time to look. C the books had already been borrowed. Jackson: 23 _ Roberts: 24 _ Morris: 25 _ Cooper: 26 _ Forster: 27 _ Questions 28-30 Label the chart below. Choose your answer from the box below and write the letters A-H next to questions 28-30. A must read B useful C limited value D read first section E read research methods F read conclusion G dont read Example Answer Anderson and Hawker A Population studies Reasons for changing accommodation 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 C E G 28 _ 29_ 30_ Possible reasons A uncooperative landlord B environment C space D noisy neighbors E near city F work location G transport H rent SECTION 4 Question 31-40 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THSN TWO WORDS for each answer. THE URBAN LANDSCAPE Two areas of focus: the effect of vegetation on the urban climate ways of planning our 31_ better Large-scale impact of trees: they can make cities more or less 32_ in summer they can make cities cooler they can make inland cities more 33_ Local impact of trees: they can make local areas - more 43_ - cooler - more humid - less windy - less 35_ Comparing trees and buildings Temperature regulation: tress evaporate water through their 36_ building surfaces may reach high temperatures wind force: tall buildings cause more wind at 37_ level these 38_ the wind force Noise: trees have a small effect on traffic noise 39_ frequency noise passes through trees Important points to consider: trees require a lot of sunlight, water and 40_ to grow READING READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rat of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them independent of any formal tuition. It is also possible that some of these ideas will be mistaken. Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about pure, curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers. Despite the extensive coverage in the popular media of the destruction of rainforests, little formal information is available about childrens ideas in this area, the aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to build upon correct ideas and to displace misconceptions and to plan programs in environmental studies in their schools. The study surveys childrens scientific knowledge and attitudes to rainforests. Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. The most frequent responses to the first question were descriptions which are self-evident from the term rainforest. Some children described them as damp, wet or hot. The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests. The commonest responses were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children), South America (30%), Brazil (25%). Some children also gave more general locations, such as being near the Equator. Responses to question three concerned the importance of rainforests. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. Fewer students responded that rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats. Similarly, but at a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studied of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life. The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupil (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as we are. About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity. One misconception, expressed by some 1) % of the pupils, was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction; a similar proportion said that pollution is destroying rainforests. Here, children are confusing rainforest destruction with damage to the forests of Western Europe by these factors. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provide oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on Earth. In answer to the final question about the importance of rainforest conservation, the majority of children simply said that we need rainforests to survive. Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming. This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue. Some children expressed the idea that the conservation of rainforests is not important. The results of this study suggest that certain ideas predominate in the thinking of children about rainforests. Pupils responses indicate some misconceptions in basic scientific knowledge of rainforests ecosystems such as their ideas about rainforests as habitats for animals, plants and humans and the relationship between climatic change and destruction of rainforests. Pupils did not volunteer ideas that suggested that they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction. In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the rage of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate value and evaluate conflicting views. Environmental education offers an arena in which these sills can be developed, which is essential fore these children as future decision makers. Question 1-8 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 1 The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media. 2 Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms. 3 It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school. 4 The fact that childrens ideas about science from part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 5 The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa? 6 Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction. 7 The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests. 8 A second study has been planned to investigate primary school childrens ideas about rainforests. Question 9-13 The box below gives a list of responses A-P to the questionnaire discussed in Reading Passage 1. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct responses A-P. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet. 9 What was the childrens most frequent response when asked where the rainforests were? 10 What was the most common response to the question about the importance of the rainforests? 11 What did most children give as the reason for the loss of the rainforests? 12 Why did most children think it important for the rainforests to be protected? 13 Which of the responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and television? A There is a complicated combination of reasons for the loss of the rain- forests. B The rainforests are being destroyed by the same things that are destroy- ing the forests of Western Europe. C Rainforests are located near the Equator. D Brazil is home to the rainforests. E Without rainforests some animals would have nowhere to live. F Rainforests are important habitats for a lot of plants. G People are responsible for the loss of the rainforests. H The rainforests are a source of oxygen. I Rainforests are of consequence for a number of different reasons. J As the rainforests are destroyed, the world gets warmer. K Without rainforests there would not be enough oxygen in the air. L There are people for whom the rainforests are home. M Rainforests are found in Africa. N Rainforests are not really important to human life. O The destruction of the rainforests is the direct result of logging activity. P Humans depend on the rainforests for their continuing existence. Question 14 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, D or E. Write your answer in box 14 on your answer sheet. Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1? A The development of a program in environmental studies within a science curriculum B Childrens ideas about the rainforests and the implications for course design C The extent to which children have been misled by the media concerning the rainforests D How to collect, collate and describe the ideas of secondary school children E The importance of the rainforests and the reasons for their destruction READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. What Do Whales Feel? An examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans, the group of mammals comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary. The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and freeranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there. The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater specifically a grey whale calf in cap- tivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii have obviously tracked objects with vision under- water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they pro- bably do not have stereoscopic vision. On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside