nounclause.pptx

Grammar TheNounClauses名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句句(NounClauses）。）。名词从句的功能名词从句的功能相当于名词词组相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语和同位语从句从句(AppositiveClauseWhowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)NounclausePredicativeClause(表语从句)主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。e.g.Thattheearthisroundistrue.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。ThattheearthisroundistrueThat-从句作主语通常用从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将作先行词，而将that-从从句置于句末，例如：句置于句末，例如：Itistruethattheearthisround.Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。你非走不可真是件憾事。2.表示表示“是否是否”意义时，一般用意义时，一般用whether而不用而不用if引导主语从句，引导主语从句，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.但如果有形式主语但如果有形式主语it引导时，既可用引导时，既可用whether，也可用也可用if。e.g.Itisstillaquestionifshewillcomeornot.3.有时可用形式主语有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句：代替主语从句：e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.用用it作形式主语的作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：配关系：a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句Itisnecessarythat有必要有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显很明显b.It+be+-ed分词分词+that-从句从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定已决定c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是事实是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-分句分句Itappearsthat似乎似乎Ithappensthat碰巧碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起我突然想起1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter练一练！练一练！what与与that在引导名词性从句时的区别在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,表示表示的的.而而that则不然则不然,它在句它在句子中只起连接作用子中只起连接作用,没有意义没有意义.(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.3._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4._thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That5._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Whenandwhyhecamehere_yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how3.ItworriedMaryalot_shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how宾语从句宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。e.g.Doyouknowwhereheis?Imglad(that)youhavepassedtheexam.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.ImsorryforwhatIhavesaid.我为我说的话表示歉意。我为我说的话表示歉意。特别提示特别提示1.由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在句中在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句第二个分句前的前的that不可省。不可省。2.下列宾语从句下列宾语从句必须用必须用whether引导，引导，不可不可用用if:a.从句后有从句后有ornot时，不可用时，不可用if:Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.b.介词宾语通常用介词宾语通常用whether引导引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来。这要看他是否会来。c.后接动词不定式时。后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？你能否告诉我是去还是留？3.用用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的等关联词引导的宾语从宾语从句句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知我想知道他告诉了你什么。道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。的支持。4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不我们认为你不在这。在这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会我相信他不会这样做。这样做。1.Heasked_foraviolin（MET1992）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whatD.where4.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_uptobeduringthepastfewyears.A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrowC.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown5.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong6.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive7.Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited8.Doyouknow_?A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld?B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis9.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether10.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatIfdependson_wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.when表语从句表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.表语从句放表语从句放在连系动词后，如：在连系动词后，如：be，seem,remain等，有时等，有时用用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词系动词+that从句。从句。e.g.TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。看上去天要下雨了。特别提醒特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句是不用表语从句是不用if引导的引导的,要用要用whether.主语是主语是reason时，表语从句常用时，表语从句常用that，不，不用用because.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon（上海2001年春季招生）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why2.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where3._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that4.GoandgetyourcoatIts_youleftitA.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas_thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that6.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitused tobe7.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that