高考英语一轮复习-语法部分-第三讲-介词和介词短语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第三讲 介词和介词短语,考点精讲,【,考点,1,】,介词,1,表示方位的,at,，,in,，,on,，,to,，,beside/by,和,near,介词,用法,例句,at,一般指在较小的地方,I met him at the shop.,in,一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内,They arrived in Beijing yesterday.,Shandong Province lies in the east of China.,on,一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域,The picture is hanging on the wall.,Mongolia is on the north of China.,to,表示某范围外接壤或不接壤的两位置,Shandong Province is to the southeast of,Hebei,Province.,beside/by,“,在,的旁边,”,She was standing beside her mother.,There is a small house by the river.,near,“,接近；靠近,”,There is a supermarket near my home.,2.,表示方位的,between,和,among,介词,用法,例句,between,在两者或每两者之间,I sat down between Sue and Jane.,among,在三者或三者以上之间,The teacher was standing among the students.,3.,表示方位的,across,，,through,，,over,和,past,介词,用法,例句,across,从,的表面穿过,He walked across the square to meet us.,through,从,的内部穿过,The guide led us through the forest.,over,从,的上面跨过,The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.,past,从,的旁边经过,She walked past the shop.,4.,表示时间的介词,(1),表示,“,在,”,的,at,，,in,，,on,at,表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日。,at 9,：,00,；,at noon,；,at daybreak,；,at Christmas,in,表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚。,in the 21st century,；,in September,：,in the morning,on,表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上。,on 2nd,，,September,；,on the morning of 1st,，,May,(2),表示,“,在,之后,”,的,after,，,in,“,after,一段时间,”,在过去时句子中作时间状语，相当于,“,一段时间,later,”,；,“,in,一段时间,”,在将来时句子中作时间状语，指离说话时多长时间以后。,He returned home after a,week(a,week later),They will come to visit us in a week.,注意：,“,after,时间点,”,可在将来时态的句子中作时间状语；,“,in,时间段,”,表示,“,在,长时间之内,”,时，可用于完成时或过去时的句子中。,I will attend a meeting after two oclock.,In the last 10 years,，,great changes have taken place in this village.,(3),表示时间段的,for,，,since,“,for,时间段,”,意为,“,多长时间,”,，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语。,He has lived in the small village for five years.,I studied in Shandong University for 4 years.,“,since,时间点,”,意为,“,自从,”,，作完成时态句子的时间状语。,I havent heard from him since three years ago.,He has been waiting here since 2 oclock.,5,其他介词,(1),表示交通方式的,by,，,in,，,on,“,by,名词,”,表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是,in,，,on,后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。,He goes to work by car every day.,He goes to work in his car every day.,(2),表示,“,用,”,的,by,，,in,，,with,by,侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；,in,多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；,with,多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。,He earned his living by selling newspapers.,Please write the answer in ink.,They are digging with spades.,(3),表示,“,除,外,”,的,except,，,except for,，,besides,except,表示,“,除,之外,(,其他的都,),”,，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；,except for,后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的；,besides,表示,“,除,之外,(,其他的也,),”,，其后的宾语是被包括在内的。,All my friends took part in the party except John.,His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.,He has learned German,，,French besides English.,【,考点,2,】,介词短语,介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常考的有：,at dawn,at daybreak,in case(of),at table far from free from,by the way be fond of be tired of,be proud of answer/key to next to,be similar to due to thanks to,be popular with apart from instead of,regardless of in detail in general,on purpose above all in all,after all in terms of in need of,in favor of in return in short,in place of in search of for fear of,in exchange for in addition to in spite of,in vain beyond reach beyond description,on account of in a way in particular,in charge of as a result of,真题再现,1,(2016,浙江卷，,6),That young man is honest,，,cooperative,，,always there when you need his,help._short,，,hes reliable.,【,解析,】,句意：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他是值得信赖的。,in short,简言之。,【,答案,】,In,2,(2016,浙江卷，,7),The study suggests that the cultures we grow,up_influence,the basic processes by which we see the world around us.,【,解析,】,句意：这项研究表明我们成长的文化环境影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。,“,we grow up,_”,为定语从句，先行词为,the cultures,，将先行词代入定语从句后为：,We grow up in the cultures.,故设空处填介词,in,。,【,答案,】,in,3,(2015,浙江卷，,3),Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?,【,解析,】,句意：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？,be home to,为固定搭配，意为,“,是,的栖息地,”,。,【,答案,】,to,4,(2015,重庆卷，,10)Last year was the warmest year on record,，,with global temperature 0.68,_ the average.,【,解析,】,句意：去年是有史以来最温暖的一年，全球气温超过了平均气温,0.68,摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示,“,在,之上，高于,”,，所以要用介词,above,。,【,答案,】,above,5,(2015,江苏卷，,34),Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _ Thomas Edison.,【,解析,】,句意：要不是托马斯,爱迪生，现在让我们获益的许多东西都不会存在。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案为,for,。,but for,要不是。,【,答案,】,for,6,(2015,安徽卷，,33),They believe that there are transport developments _ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.,【,解析,】,句意：他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。,around the corner,就要到来。,【,答案,】,around,7,(2015,福建卷，,22),A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.,【,解析,】,句意：他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本句包含一个定语从句,“,they all have _ their school days,”,，将先行词,memory,代入定语从句后为：,They all have a common memory _ their school days.,由此可见设空处填,of,。,of,可用于说明动作的名词之后，表示动作的对象。,【,答案,】,of,8,(2015,福建卷，,32),Human life is regarded as part of nature and,，,as such,，,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony _ nature.,【,解析,】,句意：人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，同样，我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。,in harmony with,与,协调。,【,答案,】,with,9,(2015,湖北卷，,30),This meeting room is a,nonsmoking,area.I,would like to warn you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.,【,解析,】,句意：这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你，如果你在这儿吸烟，就会被罚款。,in advance,提前，事先。,【,答案,】,in,10,(2015,陕西卷，,12),The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.,【,解析,】,句意：那个小学生搀着奶奶的手臂送她过了马路。,take,sb.by,the arm,搀着某人的手臂。此处的,by,表示,“,抓着,(,物体或身体的某个部位,),”,。,【,答案,】,by,