非谓语动词概念非谓语动词的基本形式.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,09 十一月 2026,非谓语动词概念非谓语动词的基本形式,概念,除谓语以外的一切成分。,过去分词,不定式,现在分词,非谓语动词,done,动词不定式的基本形式,主动语态,to do,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,1.The book is said,to have been,translated,into Russian.,2.Come,I am supposed,to be calling,you to lunch.,不定式与谓语同时发生 进行式,不定式比谓语先发生 完成式,现在分词的基本形式,doing,being done,having done,having been done,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,现在分词与/比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生 一般式,现在分词比谓语的动作先发生 完成式（强调先后关系）,_ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92 39),Not receiving,B.Receiving not,C.Not having received,D.Having not received,作状语时的区别：,现在过去分词表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.they worked hard,to pay,for the necklace.,I went to see him,only to find,him out.,I am glad,to see,you.,to do表示1.目的;,2.结果,表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。,表示希望发生的结果，常用just强调。,3.原因表示造成情感变化的原因。,目的,结果,原因,eg.I like,skating,but I dont like,to skate,today.,Playing,with fire is dangerous.,Look out！,To play,with fire is dangerous.,eg.There is,no joking,about such matters.,主语、,表语、宾语,1.to do 表示具体的动作，-ing form表示泛指的动作。,2.“there is no+主语”句型中，多用-ing form.,作定语时现在分词,，过去分词与动词不定式的区别,1，现在分词表示主动，正在进行；过去分词表示被动，,已经完成；动词不定式表示将来,2，作表语时或定语时，,现在分词表示“令人”,过去分词表示“感到”,解题关键：1 看被修饰名词与非谓语动词的主被动关系,2 看动作发生的时间,3 having done 的任何形式都不充当定语,eg.He attends the meeting,being held,in the room now.,He attended the meeting,held,yesterday.,He will attend the meeting,to be held,tomorrow.,eg.She has a strong wish,to go,to college.,3,，表示被修饰词的内容时，用to do.,非谓语动词的否定形式,Not+to do /-ing form,He decided not to do it.,She wished never to see him again.,Not seeing John,I asked where he was.,Not having done it right,I tried again.,to do,的复合结构,1.for sb.to do sth.,常见的形容词有：,good=nice/bad,kind/cruel=rude,clever=wise/stupid=silly,right/wrong，sensible,2.of sb.to do sth.,sb.is/are adj.to do sth.,ing form的复合结构,1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ing form,2.代词宾格/名词+ing form,主语,表语,宾语,宾语,1.The story was _,we were all _.,A.moving,moving B.moved,moved,C.moving,moved D.moved,moving,2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the,problem is too difficult for him.,A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle,3.With his son too_,the father was sad.,A.disappointed B.disappointing,4.She let out a _ voice and we ran to her hurriedly.,A.frightened B.frightening,1.I could feel the wind _ on my face from an open window.,A.to blow B.blowing C.blown D.to be blowing,2.Well meet Mr.Black,_ as a famous scientist.,A.knowing B.to be known C.known D.being known,3._ more time,we could do it better.,A.Giving B.To give C.Given D.To be given,4.A young man _ novels came to us yesterday.,A.to write B.writing C.written D.wrote,5.All the things_,his proposal is of greater value than yours.,A.considered B.considering C.consider D.to consider,6._Sunday,the students are at home.,A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being,不定式重点难点1 特殊表达方式,He seldom,comes except to look at,my,pictures.,They could,do nothing but ask,for help.,We,have no choice but to wait,outside.,有”do”无”to”;有”to”无”do”,“别无选择做某事”:have no choice but to do,cant but do,cant help but do,Please give me a knife,to cut with,.,This question is difficult,to answer,.,作,定语,的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相,应的介词。,不定式在作表语/补语的形容词后面作,状语,，用主动,形式表被动意思。,2 充当一定句子成分时重点难点,3“too to”结构的特殊用法,She was,too surprised to,see how angry her,father was.,Its,never too old to,learn.,某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词,是：,anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing,在,not,never,only,all,but,的 “tooto”结构,中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义。,4 独立结构,To tell(you)the truth,he doesnt agree,with you.,To begin with,Beijing is a very beautiful,city.,5 不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what 等连用,How to solve the problem is important.,To be frank;to be exact,现在分词重点难点,1 只用现在分词的句型,It is+,no good/no use;not any,use/good;useless,+doing,There is no,+doing.,2 只用现在分词充当宾语的动词,mecafps,+doing,(mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escape,admit,appreciate,avoid,finish,practise,suggest,delay=put off=postphone,deny,involve,imagine,keep,resist,risk,etc.),3 介词后只用现在分词充当宾语,4 只用现在分词充当宾语的词组,get down to;object to;pay attention,to;look forward to;cant help,5 现在分词在need,want,require,deserve后的被动含义,e.g.The house,requires repairing,.,He was afraid,of being left,at home.,动名词与不定式的不同含义,：,1 be afraid to do,be afraid of doing,She was afraid _(wake)her husband,up,for he had bad temper.,She was afraid _ (wake)her husband,for he was ill.,不敢，害怕，胆怯去做某事,担心，恐怕出现,to wake,of waking,2 forget;remember;regret to do,forget;remember;regret doing,I regret _(go)to his home town.,I regret _(tell)you the truth.,未做,已做,going,to tell,3 stop to do/stop doing,4 go on to do/go on doing,5 try to do sth.,try doing sth.,You must try _(do)it again.,Lets try _(do)the work in some other,way.,to do,doing,6 mean to do sth.,mean doing sth.,If it means _ (delay)more than a week,Ill not wait.,I mean _(go),and nothing can stop me.,delaying,to go,打算做,意味着,7)cant help doing sth.情不自禁，不禁,cant help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做,8）permit/allow/advise +doing sth.,+sb.to do sth.,lead to doing,lead sb.to do sth.,consider doing sth.考虑做某事,consider to be 认为是,几个关键动词的使用方法,1“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”,make、let、have、look at、see、watch、,hear、listen to、notice、feel,2 with;find;leave,We saw the thief _ by the policeman.(catch),caught,The murderer was brought in,with his,hands _ behinds his back.,A.being tied B.having tied,C.to be tied D.tied,D,独立主格结构,所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语,不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语,时，叫独立主格结构。,1.Today _(be)Sunday,the library doesnt open.,2.,Weather _(permit),well visit the Great Wall.,1.To do the job is impossible.,2.It is necessary to study a foreign language.,3.To do such a thing is stupid.,4.It is wrong to tell a lie.,It is impossible for a child to do the job.,（a child）,It is necessary for students to study a,It is stupid of you to do such a thing.,It is wrong of him to tell a lie.,You are stupid to do such a thing.,He is wrong to tell a lie.,说出To do动作的执行者时，须用复合结构,(students),(you),(he),1.Do you mind opening the door?,2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble.,3.Being late again made the teacher angry.,Do you mind me/my opening,Toms going there saved us a good,His being late again made,说出-ing form动作的执行者时，须用复合结构,(Tom),(I),(he),