江苏专用高考英语二轮复习考前三个月专题一语法知识第11讲介词与介词短语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第,11,讲介词与介词短语,专题一 语法知识,难点突破,高考回眸,栏目索引,模拟演练,1.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017,江苏，,32),A.in,contrast to,B.in,defense of,C.in,face of,D.in,relation to,解析,句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。结合句意可知，这里用,in relation to,“,相对某事物而言,”,in contrast to,与,相比；,in defense of,保卫，为,辩护；,in face of,面对,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,高考回眸,2.Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017,北京，,35),A.at,B.in,C.on,D.by,解析,句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。,“,在,行业,”,用介词,in,。此题容易忽视,fishing,后的名词,industry,，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选,D,项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,，,you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017,天津，,12),A.among,B.against,C.behind,D.below,解析,句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过,1 000,年的树木之间。,among,在,当中，为,所围绕，符合语境。,against,以,为背景，衬托；,behind,在,后面；,below,在,下面。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.We offer an excellent education to our students._,，,we expect students to work hard.(2017,天津，,13),A.On,average,B.At,best,C.In,return,D.After,all,解析,句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们希望学生努力学习。,in return,作为报酬，作为回报，符合语境。,on average,平均来看；,at best,充其量，至多；,after all,毕竟，终究。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016,浙江，,7),A.on,B.in,C.at,D.about,解析,句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。,in the cultures,在,的文化中，为固定搭配，故选,B,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.The dictionary is _,：,many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016,天津，,2),A.out,of control,B.out,of date,C.out,of sight,D.out,of reach,解析,句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。,out of date,过时的，符合语境。,out of control,失控；,out of sight,看不见；,out of reach,够不着。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015,江苏，,34),A.thanks,to,B.regardless,of,C.aside,from,D.but,for,解析,句意为：如果没有托马斯,爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。,thanks to,幸亏，由于；,regardless of,不管，不顾；,aside from,除了，除,以外；,but for,要不是，如果没有的话。故选,D,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.Most people work because it,s unavoidable._,，,there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015,浙江，,10),A.As,a result,B.In,addition,C.By,contrast,D.In,conclusion,解析,句意为：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，,_,也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。,by contrast,相比之下，符合语境。,as a result,结果；,in addition,另外，此外；,in conclusion,总之。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.These comments came _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.(2015,浙江，,17),A.in,memory of,B.in,response to,C.in,touch with,D.in,possession of,解析,句意为：这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。,in response to,作为对,的回答，作为对,的反应，符合语境。,in memory of,为了纪念；,in touch with,与,有联系；,in possession of,拥有，持有。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.Last year was the warmest year on record,，,with global temperature 0.68,_ the average.(2015,重庆，,10),A.below,B.on,C.at,D.above,解析,句意为：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均温度高,0.68,。,above,高于，在,之上，符合语境。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11.A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.(2015,福建，,22),A.of,B.on,C.to,D.with,解析,句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了,have a memory of,这一搭配，意为,“,对,的记忆,”,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea,？,(2015,浙江，,3),A.about,B.to,C.with,D.over,解析,句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？,be home to,为固定搭配，意为,“,是,的栖息地，是,的家园,”,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.This meeting room is a non-smoking,area.I,would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015,湖北，,30),A.in,advance,B.in,detail,C.in,total,D.in,general,解析,句意为：这个会议室是,“,无烟区,”,。我想,_,提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据题干中,that,引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在,“,提前,”,告诉对方这一事实，所以选择,in advance,。,in detail,详细地；,in total,总共；,in general,一般来说。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Human life is regarded as part of nature and,，,as such,，,the only way for us to survive is to live _ nature.(2015,福建，,32),A.in,view of,B.in,need of,C.in,touch with,D.in,harmony with,解析,句意为：人类被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们要生存下去的唯一方式，就是要与大自然和谐相处。,in view of,鉴于；,in need of,需要；,in touch with,和,保持联系；,in harmony with,与,和谐相处。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15.The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(2015,陕西，,12),A.on,B.by,C.in,D.at,解析,句意为：这个小学生挎着奶奶的胳膊，扶着她穿过了马路。,“,动词,sb,.,介词,the,人体部位,”,是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：,pat,sb.on,the head,，,hit,sb.in,the face,等。,“,take,sb.by,the,人体部位,”,意为,“,抓住,/,触及某人的,”,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.It is unbelievable that,Mr,Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.(2014,江西，,33),A.without,B.despite,C.in,D.to,解析,句意为：真是令人难以置信，尽管卢卡斯先生很富有他还是过着简朴的生活。,despite,尽管,(,in spite of),，符合题意，故选,B,项。,without,没有，不合题意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.(2014,江苏，,24),A.in,place,B.in,order,C.in,shape,D.in,fashion,解析,in place,就位，到位；,in order,井然有序；,in shape,保持体形；,in fashion,流行。根据句意,“,Tom,坚持早上慢跑并且还常常做俯卧撑来保持体形。,”,可知,C,项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18.Facing up to your problems _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.(2014,浙江，,12),A.more,than,B.rather,than,C.along,with,D.or,rather,解析,句意为：勇于面对你的问题,_,逃避它们是解决事情最好的办法。,more than,多于，不仅仅是，非常；,rather than,而不是；,along with,跟,一起；,or rather,更确切地说。由语境可知，此处表示,“,面对问题而不是,(rather than),逃避问题,”,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19.People won,t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _ expression.(2014,浙江，,17),A.from,B.over,C.with,D.for,解析,句意为：当人们有很多想法渴望表达的时候，他们是不会理会你的。,cry for,sth,.,渴望,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,20.There,s no reason to be disappointed._,，,this could be rather amusing.(2014,浙江，,18),A.Above,all,B.As,a result,C.In,addition,D.As,a matter of fact,解析,前一句中的,disappointed,与后一句的,“,rather amusing,”,在感情色彩上是相反的，因此用,as a matter of fact(in fact),“,事实上，实际上,”,。,above all,最重要的是；,as a result,结果；,in addition,表递进，意为,“,除此之外,”,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,1.to,与表示情感的名词连用，指某种行动后产生的感觉，如：,to one,s delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret,to the delight/surprise/horror/,sorrow/joy/regret of,sb,.,，意为,“,令某人,的是,”,。这种表达法表示结果，在句中作状语，位于句前、句中或句尾皆可。为了强调，可在前面加,much,，也可在里面加,great,。,Much to my surprise/To my great surprise,，,they offered me the job.,令我非常吃惊的是，他们把那份工作给了我。,难点突破,2.,介词后跟宾语的特点：,(1),介词后一般接动名词作宾语，但如果介词是,but,，,except,时，后可接不定式,(,如果,but,，,except,前出现实义动词,do,，则可省去不定式符号,to),。,What he said amounts to,denying,us.,他的话就等于拒绝我们。,I have nothing to do but,wait,.,除了等我无事可做。,(2)there be,的非谓语形式作介词宾语时，如果介词是,for,，要用,there to be,结构；如果是其他介词，则要用,there being,结构。,The secretary arranged for,there to be,another interview.,秘书安排了另一轮面试。,We were annoyed at,there being,so much time wasted.,浪费了这么多时间，我们很烦恼。,3.,不可遗漏的后置介词：,(1),在被动语态中，谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系时。,The child has been taken good care,of,in the nursery.,这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。,(2),在非谓语动词表示被动意义时。,The problem is well worth paying attention,to,.,这个问题很值得关注。,(3),在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。,I don,t know the girl you referred,to,at the meeting.,我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。,(4),作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。,We have many new models to choose,from,.,我们有许多模型可以选择。,(5),在,too.to.,，,enough.to.,，,so.as to.,等结构中，不及物动词的不定式作结果状语时。,The ice is too thin to skate,on,.,冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。,(6),不定式在形容词,easy,，,hard,，,difficult,，,comfortable,等后作状语，且与句子主语存在动宾关系时。,The river is dangerous to swim,in,.,在这条河里游泳很危险。,(7),在特殊疑问句中，当介词和特殊疑问词构成介宾关系时。,What are these people standing in queue,for,?,这些人站在这里排队干什么？,11,8,1.With the prices of houses rising,，,they became extremely anxious _ they wouldn,t have enough money to afford one.,(2017,无锡期末，,23),A.in,doubt,B.in,case,C.for,fear,D.for,example,解析,句意为：随着房价的上涨，他们变得非常忧虑，唯恐他们没有足够的钱买得起房。,for fear,唯恐，生怕，符合句意。,in doubt,怀疑地，有疑问地；,in case,以防万一；,for example,例如。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,模拟演练,2.Has his third book been published yet?,No,，,it is currently _.(2017,镇江期中，,28),A.in,store,B.in,preparation,C.in,use,D.in,place,解析,句意为：,他的第三本书已经出版了吗？,没有，目前还在准备中。,in preparation,在准备中，符合句意。,in store,即将发生；,in use,在使用中；,in place,在适当的位置。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.The magician picked several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.(2017,扬州一模，,25),A.by,accident,B.at,random,C.at,risk,D.on,average,解析,句意为：魔术师随机从观众中挑了几个人，让他们帮助他进行表演。,by accident,偶然，无意间；,at risk,冒险；,on average,平均。,at random,随机，符合语境。故选,B,。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.A social insurance service agency in,Zhengzhou,has changed its office design _ a public complaint about inconvenient service windows.,(2017,盐城亭湖中学段考，,31),A.in,proportion to,B.in,answer to,C.in,addition to,D.in,regard to,解析,句意为：郑州一家社会保险服务机构改变了其办公室设计，以回应公众对服务窗口不方便的不满。,in answer to,回应，响应，符合句意。,in proportion to,与,成比例；,in addition to,此外，而且；,in regard to,关于。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5._ the fierce competition in finding a good job in big cities,，,many fresh graduates are trying their fortune in medium-sized ones.,(2016,无锡宜兴一模，,33),A.Regardless,of,B.Apart,from,C.Thanks,to,D.Due,to,解析,句意为：由于在大城市找工作的竞争非常激烈，很多应届大学毕业生准备去中等城市试试运气。,regardless of,不管，不顾；,apart from,除了,以外；,thanks to,幸亏，多亏，由于，有表达感激之意；,due to,由于，侧重,“,起因于,”,。符合语境。故选,D,。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.All of us are puzzled about the sudden changes and obviously,，,we have to reconsider our schedule _ all of them.(2017,泰州中学质检，,32),A.in,preference to,B.in,consequence of,C.in,light of,D.in,advance of,解析,句意为：我们对于突然的变故都非常迷惑，显然我们不得不根据所有这些变化重新考虑我们的日程安排。,in preference to,优先于，而不是；,in consequence of,由于；,in advance of,在,之前。,in light of,根据，符合语境，故选,C,项。,此处,的,them,指代的是,the sudden changes,。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.The province is home to eight ethnic groups,，,most of _ battling to survive in the harsh natural conditions,，,and struggling _ social and economic development.(2017,华罗庚中学调研，,21),A.who,；,in defense of,B.whom,；,in search of,C.them,；,in terms of,D.whom,；,in light of,解析,句意为：该省是八个民族的家园，他们大多数人在恶劣的自然条件下挣扎求生，在社会和经济发展方面苦苦挣扎。由于第一个空所在的部分没有谓语动词，故不是一个从句，所以不能填连词，此处是一个独立主格结构。,in terms of,就,而言，在,方面，符合句意。,in defense of,保卫，为,辩护；,in search of,寻找；,in light of,根据。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.The central government attached great importance to scientific innovations,，,made a series of major policies and adopted a number of plans _.(2017,溧水高级中学二模，,22),A.in,this honor,B.on,the behalf,C.in,this regard,D.on,the event,解析,句意为：中央高度重视科学创新，制定了一系列重大政策，并在这方面采取了一些计划。,in this regard,在这方面，符合句意。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value,，,not for looks,；,_,，,choose good quality goods with plain packages.,(2017,南京九中学情调研，,29),A.in,particular,B.in,other words,C.in,addition,D.in,any case,解析,句意为：以价值而不是外表来选择商品，这样我们就能成为一个精明的购物者；换句话说，选择普通包装的优质商品。,choosing for value,，,not for looks,和,choose good quality goods with plain packages,是同义关系，故选择,in other words,“,换句话说,”,。,in particular,特别，尤其；,in addition,此外；,in any case,在任何情况下，无论如何。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.There is something amazing in the Chinese that has stayed unchanged,，,something from Confucianism,，,_ the family and ancestors.,(2017,南京学情调研，,31),A.in,demand of,B.in,respect of,C.in,line with,D.in,common with,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析,句意为：关于家庭和祖先，中国人身上有一种神奇的东西一直未变,一种来自儒家思想的东西。,in respect of,关于，就某方面而言，符合句意。,in demand of,需要；,in line with,符合，与,一致；,in common with,和,一样，与,有共同之处。,11.The life you live will expand or shrink _ the measure of courage you display.(2017,镇江一模，,31),A.in,proportion to,B.in,place of,C.in,competition with,D.in,return for,解析,句意为：你的生活会扩展还是收缩与你展示的勇气的程度成比例。,in proportion to,与,成比例；,in place of,代替；,in competition with,与,竞争；,in return for,作为,的回报。根据句意选,A,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.Some traditional exercises like jogging,，,swimming and climbing may help people stay _.(2017,苏锡常镇四市一模，,26),A.in,place,B.in,order,C.in,fashion,D.in,shape,解析,句意为：一些传统的锻炼如慢跑、游泳和登山有助于人们保持健康。,in place,在适当的位置；,in order,井然有序；,in fashion,流行；,in shape,身体健康的。根据句意选,D,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.Hopefully,，,the new method will be effective,，,helping students to get their career plans _.(2017,南京、盐城二模，,28),A.at,hand,B.at,will,C.on,trial,D.on,track,解析,句意为：这个新的方法有望很有效地帮助学生们的职业规划走上正轨。,at hand,在手边，即将来临的；,at will,任意，随意；,on trial,在审判中，在实验中；,on track,步入正轨。根据句意选,D,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Dad,，,I am not playing the piano as well as before.,Take it,easy.You,are just _.(2016,南通、扬州、泰州调研，,34),A.out,of sight,B.out,of control,C.out,of practice,D.out,of place,解析,句意为：,爸爸，我弹钢琴没有从前好了。,别紧张，你只是疏于练习了。,out of sight,看不见；,out of control,失去控制；,out of practice,没有练习；,out of place,不适合，不相称，故,C,正确。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15._ good books,，,the point is not to see how many of them you can get through,，,but rather how many can get through to you.,(2016,南京、盐城一模，,31),A.In,the event of,B.In,the case of,C.On,account of,D.On,top of,解析,句意为：关于好书，关键不是你读完多少，而是你能理解多少。,in the event of,如果，倘若；,in the case of,至于；,on account of,由于，因为；,on top of,除了,之外。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.Britain is a,“,second-rate power,”,which has been _ for a centuryyet London remains the most influential city in the world.,(2016,无锡一模，,23),A.in,decline,B.in,effect,C.on,the move,D.on,the rise,解析,句意为：英国是一个二流强国，一个世纪以来它一直在衰退，但是伦敦还是最有影响力的城市。,in decline,衰退，在下降；,in effect,有效；,on the move,在行进中；,on the rise,在上升中。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17.Many Chinese use,WeChat,for both one-on-one and group communication _ international phone calls when traveling overseas.,(2016,苏北四市一模，,26),A.in,preference to,B.in,behalf of,C.in,reference to,D.in,search of,解析,句意为：在国外旅行时，很多中国人用微信进行一对一聊天或群聊，而不是打国际长途电话。,in preference to,优先于,，偏好；,in behalf of,代表；,in reference to,关于；,in search of,寻找。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18.Isn,t it surprising that Tom should have got the first place in the National IT Contest?,Yes,，,it,is.The,result is really _ all expectations.,A.within,B.over,C.against,D.beyond,解析,句意为：,汤姆竟然在全国,IT,竞赛中得了一等奖，这难道不令人惊讶吗？,是的。这个结果超出了所有人的预料。,beyond,超出，,beyond all expectations,超出了所有的预料，符合语境，故选,D,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden,？,They are _ everyone,s enjoyment.,A.in,B.to,C.for,D.at,解析,句意为：你可以不摘花园里的花吗？它们是供大家欣赏的。,for everyone,s enjoyment,供大家欣赏。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析,句意为：游客们在设法上公交车的时候，都相互推搡着对方。,push against one another,相互间推搡。,20.The touri