英语数词的翻译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语数词的翻译,由于英汉两种语言在表达数字以及倍数增减方面存在一定的差别，翻译时应十分小心，稍有不慎，就可能出现错误。,一、表示“不多不少”、“恰恰正好”的翻译策略,表示“不多不少”、“恰恰正好”，英语一般用clear,cool,exactly,flat,sharp,whole等。如,：,The physician treated,cool,30 patients that day.,这位内科医生那天,正好,看了30个病人。,The plane takes off at 8 oclock,sharp,.,这架飞机8点,整,起飞。,Professor Johnson finished the experiment in twenty-four hours,flat,.,约翰教授完成这项实验,正好,用了24小时。,The machine worked for ten,whole,days.,这台机器,整整,运转了10天时间。,The wire measures,exact,twenty meters.,这条导线,刚好,20米长。,The price of this new machine is,in the neighborhood of/of the border of,a thousand dollars.,这台新机器的价格,约,1，000美元。,It has been reported that noise figure is,in the border of,4 to 5 db at 2 GHz.,据报道，在2，000兆赫时，噪音系数,约,为45分贝。,According to the weatherman,the temperature will be up 5,or so,.,据天气预报，气温将升高5,左右,。,三、表示“高于”、“多于”的翻译方法,英语常用more than,odd,over,above,long,past,or more,upwards of,higher than,exceed,in excess of等词修饰数字，表示“超过”、“以上”、“有余”、“高于”、“多于”等。,Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content,more than,two percent.,生铁是铁炭合金，其中炭含量,超过,2,Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000,odd,miles per hour,can it put a man-made satellite into orbit.,只要当火箭速度达到每小时18，000,多,英里时，才能把人造卫星送入轨道。,Over/above/more than/not less than,100 chemical elements are known to man,of these about 80 are metals.,人类已知的化学元素有100种,以上,，其中有约80种是金属。,Upwards of,seven thousand medical workers and twenty thousand PLA men have left for the earthquake district.,有七千,多名,医务人员和两万,多名,解放军前往震区。,The patients are children of three years old and,upwards,.,这些病人是三岁和三岁,以上,的儿童。,四、表示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”等的翻译,英语常用less,less than,below,no more than,under,short of,off,to within,as few as等词修饰数字，表示“少于”、“一下”、“不到”等。,It took one month,less than,three years for them to develop the new material.,他们花了三年,差,一个月研制这种新材料。,Helium in the air is,a little under,1%.,空气中氦的含量,略低于,1。,The efficiency of the best of these engines is,under/below/no more than,40%.,这些发动机中效率最好的也,不到,40。,五、形容数目、数量多时的翻译,英语中常用full,solid,at least,all of,no less than,asas 等词来修饰数字，强调数目很大、数量很多。,They covered,full,twenty reference sources on fluidics in a single day.,仅仅用了一天时间，他们就看完了,足足,20种有关射流的资料。,The motor ran 450,solid,days on end.,马达连续运转了,足足,450天。,The experiment will take three months,at least,.,实验,至少,需要三个月时间。,The temperature at the suns center is,as high as,10,000,000.,太阳中心的温度,高达,摄氏1，000万度,There were,no less than,3,000 dead and wounded in the 911 terrorist attack.,在911恐怖袭击中，死伤者,达,3，000多人。,六、形容数目小、数量少时的翻译,英语中常用only,merely,barely,scarcely,but,at most,no more than,scant等词修饰数字，强调数目小、数量少。,There is,at most,only room for one person.,至多,只可以容纳一个人的空间。,That solar-energy car weighs,only/merely/barely/scarcely/but,500 kg.,那辆太阳能汽车重量,仅有,500公斤。,Inspection time for the installation was,no more than,2 hours.,检验安装工作,仅,用了两个小时。,七、表示两者或多者范围数量的翻译,表示两者常用fromto,between and(to)来修饰数字，表示范围，它们通常可翻译为“从到”、“在之间”等。,The energy of the fuel wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is,between 80 and/to,85 percent.,往复式蒸汽机浪费的燃料能量为,80到85。,The ladle refining time takes on average,between 3 and 4,hours depending on the treatment required.,桶内精炼时间平均为,3至4,小时，这要视所需要的处理量而定。,八、需要换算数词的翻译,由于英语数字的表达与汉语数字的表达方式不同，汉译时需要换算。数字的换算看起来似乎很简单，但翻译工作者往往会因为不小心而犯错误，可谓失之毫厘、谬以千里。,Ten thousand,One hundred thousand,Ten million,One hundred million,One billion,Ten billion,One hundred billion,One trillion,一万,十万,一千万,亿,十亿（美语）,百亿,千亿,万亿,美、法、加拿大 billion 10亿 1，000，000,000,trillion 万亿，兆1,000,000,000,000（12个0）,英、德 billion 万亿 1,000,000,000,000,trillion 百万兆（1 followed by 18 zeros)=quintillion,九、英语中表示倍数的翻译,英语中表示倍数的翻译，有两点应引起注意：一是英汉倍数的表达法；二是英汉两种语言的单位表达法。,（一）用系动词或行为动词和包含有数词n的词语相搭配,具体表达方式有如下几种，分别译为“是.的n倍”、“n倍于”或“比(大n-1)倍”：,Be n times as+形容词（或副词）+as,This substance reacts,three times as fast as,the other.,该物质的反应速度是那种物质反应速度的3倍.(或:该物质的反应速度比那种物质的反应速度快2倍.),Be n times+比较级+than,This line is,two times longer than,that one,.,这条线的长度是那条线长度的2倍.(或:这条线比那条线长1倍.),Be+比较级+than+名词+by n times,Mercury weighs more than water,by about 14 times,.,水银的重量约为水的14倍.(或:水银比水重13倍.),Be+比较级+by a factor of n,The error probability of binary AM is,greater than binary FM by a factor of at least 6.,二进制调幅的误差概率比二进制调频至少大5倍.(或:二进制调幅的误差概率至少是二进制调频的6倍.),(二)在系动词或行为动词后接 “as+形容词或副词+again as”或接“again as+形容词或副词+as”,这些搭配通常可翻译为是.的两倍,比多一倍.另外需注意,如果again前再加half,则表示比大(长、宽)半倍.例如:,This wire is as long again as that one.,这根金属线的长度是那根的2倍.(或:这根金属线比那根长1倍.),As many/much again(as)(比)可译为“多一倍”:,Professor Li has books as many again as I do.,李教授的书比我的书多一倍.,This wire is half again as long as that one.,这根金属线的长度是那根金属线的1倍半.(或:这根金属线比那根金属线长半倍.),Brown has half as many books again as Peter does.,布朗的书比彼得的书多1/2.,(三)用带有“增大”意思的动词(increase,rise,grow,go up)和下列包含有数词n(表示数字、百分数或倍数)的词语相配合,具体表达方式有:“动词+n times”,“动词+by+times”,“动词+to+n times”,“动词+n-fold”,“动词+by a factor of+n”等,可译为增加到倍,增加了倍.,The sales of industrial electronic products have,multiplied,six times.,工业电子产品销售额增加了5倍.,The strength of the attraction,increases,by four times if the distance between the original charges is behalved.,如果原电荷的距离缩短一半,则引力就增大到原来的4倍.(或:如果原电荷的距离缩短一半,则引力比原来大3倍.),By 2004 the production of primary copper has increased fivefold.,到2004年,原铜产量增长了4倍.,The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of 4.,漏电压增加了3倍.,(四)用带有“增大”意思的动词(increase,rise,grow,go up)连接“(by)n+单位(或n%),表示净含量,数词可照译,The output,went up 45,000 tons.,产量增加了45,000吨.,The production has,increased by 45%.,生产已增加了45%.,Automation will help us to,raise,the output of production by thirty percent.,自动化能帮助我们提高产量30%.,Industrial output,rose by,0.9%.,6月份产量增长了0.9%.,(五)用表示倍数的动词表示量的增加,Double,Treble,Quadruple,Quintuple,Sextuple,Septuple,Octuple,是的2倍;增加1倍或翻一番,是的3倍;增加两倍或增加到3倍,是的4倍;增加3倍或翻两番,是的5倍;增加至5倍或增加了4倍,使成6倍,使成7倍,使成为8倍,The new airport will,double,the capacity of the existing one.,新机场是现有机场容量的2倍.,The population has nearly,trebled,in forty years.,人口在40年中已增加了近2倍.,The company quadrupled output to around 20 million tons.,该公司把产量增至2,000万吨左右,是原来的4倍.,The output has been quintupled since 1998.,1988年以来,产量已增长了4倍.,(六)英语中用an increase of n或a n increase of表示净增的数量,n可照译,The output is,an increase of,4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.,钢产量比去年增加了450万吨.,There is a 25%,increase of,steel compared with last year.,钢产量比去年增加了25%.,十、英语中表示减少(倍)数的翻译,(一)用表示“减少”的动词(decrease,reduce,fall,lower等)连接“by n或n%”,表示净减量;用系动词连接“n less(than)”表示净减量,所减数字均可照译,180,decreased,by 90 is 90.,180减去90等于90.,The cost,decreased,by 40%.,成本下降了40%.,This new process used 35%,less,fuel.,这种工艺少用了35%的燃料.,(二)用表示减少的动词(decrease,reduce,fall,lower等)连接“by n times”,“n times”,“n times as+形容词或副词+as”,“by a factor of n”等,均可译为“减少了n分之(n-1)”或“减少到n分之1”,因为英汉语言在使用分数方面的差异(如汉语的分母中极少使用小数点),如果英语减少的倍数中有小数点时,则应换算成分数.例如:,The enterprise management expenditure this year has,decreased by three times as,against that of 2002.,该企业今年的行政管理开支比2002年降低了2/3.,The pre-heating time for the new type thermal meter is,shortened 5 times,.,这种新型热电式仪表的预热时间缩短了4/5.,The error probability of the equipment was reduced by,2.5 times,through technical innovation.,通过技术革新该设备误差率降低了3/5.,