Introduction--大学论文写作课(英文).ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Introduction,The introduction and conclusion to a paper can be understood as a type of transition,At the beginning of a paper,the introduction serves as a transition by moving the reader from the world outside of your paper to the world within.,At the end of the paper,the conclusion works in the opposite direction by moving readers from the world of your paper back to their own world,Why cant I just get started saying what Ive got to say?,Introductions have two primary purposes:They establish a frame of reference for the readerThe introduction should inform the reader of your papers general topic,the interdisciplinary perspective you have adopted(whether you are writing as a student,a reporter,etc.)and the type of terminology,evidence and logic he or she can expect throughout the paper.They invite the reader to continue reading the rest of the paper.The introduction should provide necessary background information and grab his or her attention in order to direct it towards the thesis and the entire paper,On Africa.,When many people hear the word Africa,they picture steaming jungles and gorillas.Hollywood films have shrunk the public image of this immense,varied continent into a small segment of its actual diversity.To have a more accurate picture of the whole continent,however,one should remember that there are,roughly,three Africas,each with its distinct climate and terrain and with a style of life suited to the environment.The continent can be divided into the northern desert areas,the southeastern grasslands,and the tropical jungles to the southwest.,Strategy,Clearly,this essay will be about Africa,and the writer has given us the geographical locations she will discuss.Define and Divide.Now all thats left to do is write an essay and then a conclusion which Drives home the main point or points of the essay.,The Four Ds,Define.,Divide.,Discuss.,Drive Home.,Thoughts Unique to Conclusions,Ive said everything.Whats left?,At its most basic level,a concluding paragraph serves as a summary of the writing preceding it.,In most cases,however,you will want to move beyond summation;you will want to expand on your thesis by revealing the ways in which your papers thesis might have significance in the world outside it.,A conclusion should strive to answer questions readers logically raise-Why are you telling me this?Why do you think I need to understand your main point?,Strategies for Conclusion,You should avoid only summarizing,but if your conclusion requires some summary,avoid repeating,word-for-word,a statement you have made earlier in the paper.In an effort to go beyond summary,it might be helpful to think of your conclusion as something that might.,place the paper in a larger context,serve as a call for action,set forth a warning or hypothesis,intentionally complicate the issues you have already introduced,raise a question or questions,introduce a relevant quote,tell an appropriate anecdote,