新编简明英语语言学教程-第二版-戴炜栋10-Language-Acquisition.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Chapter 10 Language acquisition,Language acquisition-refers to the childs acquisition of his mother tongue,i.e.how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community.,Theories of child language acquisition,A behaviorist,(行为主义者）,view of language acquisition(Skinners),An innatist,（语法天生主义者）,view of language acquisition(Chomsky),An interactionist,（互动主义者）,view of language acquisition,A behaviorist view of language acquisition,Traditional behaviorists view language as behavior and believe that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.,Imitation,Recognition,Reinforcement,a child imitates the sounds,people recognize the childs attempts people reinforce the attempts by responding differently,The,inadequacy,of behaviorist view lies in explaining how children acquire complex language system.,An interactionist view of language acquisition,The interactionist view holds that language develops as,a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops,.Integrated with the innatist view,the interactionist further claims that the,modified language which is suitable for the childs capability is crucial,in his language acquisition.(motherese,保姆式语言,),Cognitive development in child language development,1)Language development is dependent on both,the concepts children form,about the world,and,what they feel stimulated to communicate,at the early and later stages of their language development.(the acquisition of perfect tense),2)The cognitive factors determine how the child makes sense of the linguistic system himself instead of what meanings the child perceives and expresses.(P.146 the acquisition of negative form),Language environment&the critical period hypothesis,Two important factors:,the linguistic environment,children are exposed to and,the age they start,to learn the language.(P.147 Victor 12;Genie 13.5),In behaviorist approach,language environment plays a major role in providing both language models to be imitated and necessary feedbacks.,The innatist view emphasizes more on childrens internal processing of the language items to be learnt.The,environment,functions as a,stimulus that triggers and activates,the pre-equipped UG to process the materials provided by the linguistic environment around the children.,The interactionist view calls for the quality of the language samples available in the linguistic environment,only when the language is modified and adjusted to the level of childrens comprehension,do they process and internalize the language items.,Stages in child language development,Phonological development,Vocabulary development,1)Under-extension(a bird isnt an animal）,2)Over-extension(calling all male adults daddy),Grammatical development,1)Telegraphic speech,2)Complete sentences,Pragmatic development,