资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,*,Seller,Buyer2,Buyer1,Group C:CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,FAS,Delivery Places,FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP,EXW,Delivery place,of CFR,Seller,Buyer2,Buyer1,Cost and Freight,(named port of destination),Be used only for sea or inland waterway transport,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,Cost and Freight,(named port of destination),“Cost and Freight”means that the seller,delivers when,the goods pass the ships rail,in the port of shipment.,The seller must,pay the costs and freight,necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination,BUT,the,risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery,are transferred from the seller to the buyer.,2.,If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ships rail,the,CPT,term should be used.,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,Obligations of the Seller/Buyer,Obligation,Seller,Buyer,Notice,the goods have been delivered,time of shipment&port of destination if he is entitled to determine those,Delivery,deliver the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment on the date or within the agreed period,accept delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as agreed and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination(,When do the risks transfer to the buyer?,),Carriage&insurance,Carriage(only pay the necessary cost),No obligation (,Why?,),Documents&payment,Commercial invoice,transport document,evidence of goods in conformity with the contract if required by it.(or EDI),Accept the documents if they are in conformity with the sales contract and other relevant agreements.,Pay the price as provided in the sales contract.,Customs clearance,Export clearance,Import clearance,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,2.,租船订舱问题:,船有船龄、船级和船籍,租不同船的运费以及对所运货物的安全性是不同的,卖方租什么样的船订什么样的舱、船沿着哪条航线走,直接跟买卖双方的利益相关。,INCOTERMS 2000,:The seller must contract,on usual terms,at his own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named port of destination,by the usual route,in a seagoing vessel,(or inland waterway vessel as the case may be)of,the type normally used,for the transport of goods of the contract description.,使用CFR术语时应当注意的问题,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,海湾战争前夕,我某出口公司按CFR条件往中东出口一批货物。买方要求卖方租用中东国家的船舶运输,考虑到长期的经贸关系,我方同意了该要求。然而,我方公司业务员忘记了向安排运输的部门做特殊交代,结果运输部门却租了台湾船,船开了以后才发现,卖方与买方洽商,买方以卖方违约为由索赔。,问:,买方索赔是否有理?,“租船订舱问题”,案例,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,3.,卖方要严格遵守装运期限,货物装船的时间直接影响提单的签发日期,如果卖方不按时装运货物将导致单证不符,可能收不回货款,所以卖方要严格遵守装运期限。,使用,CFR,术语时应当注意的问题,案例:,德国某公司以CFR条件向韩国出口一批铜。签约后铜的国际市场行情下跌,差价达一百多万美元。买方极力寻找撤销合同的理由,在审查卖方提交的单据和船上的航海日志时,发现卖方倒签提单一天,据此拒绝收货、付款,并要求索赔。,经过多次谈判,最后双方私了,卖方承担80的损失,买方承担20的损失。,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,已装船通知问题案例2,我某公司按CFR条件与法国马赛某商签订一份出口合同,总额8万美元,D/P即期方式付款。货物于当年7月8日,(周三),上午装船完毕,当天因经办该项业务的外销员较忙,忘了给买方发已装船通知,(Shipping Advice,),到9日,(周四),上班时才想起给买方发。法商收到通知向保险公司投保时,保险公司却已获悉载货轮船已于9日凌晨在海上遇难,从而拒保。于是法商立即来电称:“因你方晚发装船通知,以致我方无法投保,货轮已罹难,该批货物损失应由你方负担并应赔偿我方利润及费用损失8000美元”。不久我方的托收单据也被退回。最后经我方申述困难并表示歉意后对方才不再坚持索赔,但我方却钱货两空。,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,5.,费用的负担问题:,A、运费负担问题,:卖方需支付将货物运到目的港的正常运费,对外报价时要注意运费的核算。,B、卸货费用的负担问题,在大宗交易,租船运输的情况下,必须明确卸货费用的负担问题(产生,CFR,术语的变形)。用班轮运输时不会涉及该问题。,使用,CFR,术语时应当注意的问题,CFR Liner Terms,班轮条件,卖方负担卸货费用,CFR Landed,卸至岸上/码头,卖方负担卸货费用,CFR Ex Tackle,吊钩下交接,卖方负担卸货费用,CFR Ex Ships Hold,舱底交接,买方负担卸货费用,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,Delivery place,of CIF,Seller,Buyer2,Buyer1,Cost,Insurance and Freight,(named port of destination),Be used only for sea or inland waterway transport,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,Cost,Insurance and Freight,(named port of destination),2.,The seller,contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium,.The buyer should note that under the CIF term the seller is required to obtain insurance,only on minimum cover,.Should the buyer wish to have the protection of greater cover,he would either need to agree as such expressly with the seller or to make his own extra insurance arrangements.,3.If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ships rail,the,CIP,term should be used.,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,Obligations of the Seller/Buyer,Obligation,Seller,Buyer,Notice,the goods have been delivered,time of shipment&port of destination if he is entitled to determine those,Delivery,deliver the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment on the date or within the agreed period,accept delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as agreed and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination(,When do the risks transfer to the buyer?,),Carriage&insurance,Responsible for carriage&insurance,No obligation (,Why?,),Documents&payment,Commercial invoice,transport document,insurance document,evidence of goods in conformity with the contract if required by it.(or EDI),Accept the documents if they are in conformity with the sales contract and other relevant agreements,Pay the price as provided in the sales contract,Customs clearance,Export clearance,Import clearance,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,使用,CIF,术语时应当注意的问题,2.,租船订舱问题,(与CFR术语相同),3.,卖方要严格遵守装运期限,(与CFR术语相同),4.,已装船通知问题:,虽然没有CFR术语下重要,但也不能忽视。,案例:,1990年初,我某公司与科威特某商签订一份CIF出口合同,合同中规定装运期为7月份,由卖方投保平安险。7月份我公司按时装运并投保了平安险,但装船后未向买方发出已装船通知。8月份海湾战争爆发,该批货物在运往科威特目的港的中途被毁。买方拒绝付款。,问:,买方拒付是否有理?,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,5.,CIF,/,CFR,术语下,卖方能否私自改变装运港,?,案例:,英国某商以,CIF,条件向美国某商出,口一批货物,合同规定的装运港口是英,国北部某港。卖方在租船时发现在英国,南部某港发货可以节省大笔运费,于是,就改变了装运港(没有通知买方)。,后来货物安全到达美国,但美,商却以卖方私自改变装运港口为,由拒绝付款并向卖方索赔。,问:买方索赔是否有理?,使用,CIF,术语时应当注意的问题,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,the World,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,使用,CIF,术语时应当注意的问题,6.,保险问题,1),保险人以及保险险别问题,The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of,good repute,and,failing express agreement to the contrary,be in accordance with,minimum cover,of the Institute Cargo Clause(Institute of London Underwriters)or any similar set of clauses.,When required,by the buyer,the seller,shall provide,at the buyers expense,war,strikes,riots and civil commotion risk insurances if procurable.,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,使用,CIF,术语时应当注意的问题,2)保险金额问题,The,minimum insurance,shall cover the price provided in the contract,plus ten per cent,(i.e.,110%,)and shall be provided in the currency of the contract.,2000通则中的上述规定都是最低要求,而且比较笼统,所以为了避免出现纠纷,进出口双方最好在合同中明确规定卖方应该向什么样的保险公司投保哪种保险险别、保险金额是多少等问题。,另外,卖方对外报CIF价时要准确核算保险费。,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,使用,CIF,术语应当注意的问题,7.,象征性交货问题:,实际交货,(Physical Delivery):,指卖方在规定的时间和地点,将符合合同规定的货物提交给买方或其指定的人,而不能以交单代替交货。,象征性交货,(Symbolic Delivery):,指卖方只要按期在约定地点完成装运,并向买方提交合同规定的包括物权凭证在内的有关单证就算完成了交货义务,而无须保证到货。,卖方,买方,款,货,买方,卖方,单,款,CIF合同是典型的象征性交货合同,卖方凭单交货,买方凭单付款。,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,使用,CIF,术语时应当注意的问题,8.,费用的负担问题:,1)运费的负担,(与,CFR,术语相同),2)卸货费用的负担,(与,CFR,术语类似),在大宗交易,租船运输的情况下,应当明确卸货费用的负担问题(由此产生,CIF,术语的变形形式),CIF Liner Terms,班轮条件,卖方负担卸货费用,CIF Landed,卸至岸上/码头,卖方负担卸货费用,CIF Ex Tackle,吊钩下交接,卖方负担卸货费用,CIF Ex Ships Hold,舱底交接,买方负担卸货费用,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,使用CIF术语时应当注意的问题,9.,不同国际贸易惯例对,CIF,术语的解释不同,1932年华沙牛津规则及1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本与2000年通则对于,CIF,术语的解释基本相同,但尚有细微差别。例如:风险转移的界限、卖方的投保责任等方面。,10.,思考:,CIF,价被称为“到岸价”是否合理?为什么?,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,比较,CIF,与,CFR、FOB,术语,1.CIF,与,CFR,比较,相同点,:,风险划分界限相同;适用的运输,方式相同;签运输合同支付运费的,责任划分相同;进出口报关责任的,划分相同;,装船前检验费用的划分,相同。,不同点,:签保险合同支付保险费的责任不同,卖方的交单义务不同。,2.CIF,与,FOB,比较(略),小结,广外大经贸学院 张靓芝 2005,
展开阅读全文