Pathogenic-cocci病原性球菌.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,1.Pathogenic cocci,2.Other bacteria,1.Pathogenic cocci,Concept of pathogenic bacteria 13min,Staphylococcus,(Esp.,S.,aureus,),56min,Streptococcus,(Esp.,S.,pyogenes,)38min,Enterococcus,species and VRE 5min,Neisseria meningitides,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,13min,2.,Other bacteria,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,10min,Highlights of content,Up to every pathogen,the following will be talked:,Biological properties,Pathogenicity,Immunity,Microbiological detections,Prevention and treatment,Pustule,(脓疱),by,S.aureus,Paronychia,(,甲沟炎,),by,S.aureus,Sore throat,(,咽喉炎,),by,S.pyogenes,Untreated erysipelas,(,丹毒,),by,S.pyogenes,with skin sloughing and necrosis,Necrotizing Fasciitis,(,坏死性,筋膜炎,),by,flesh-eating bacteria,(,S.pyogenes,anaerobic bacteria,etc.,),and insects(bee,etc.)stinging,Meningococcal septicemia,(,脑膜炎球菌性败血症,),by,N.meningitidis,w,idespread ecchymoses,Causative agents of above clinical diseases?,Pathogenic cocci,Important cocci,Gram stain,Bacterial,genera,G,+,Genus,staphylococcus,Genus,s,treptococcus,G,-,Genus,Neisseria,(,N.meningitides,N.gonorrhoeae,),Staphylococcus aureus,Important,pyogenic coccus,Leading pathogen of wound infections,(including other,staphylococci,),Shape,Stain,&,Culture,spherical,elliptical,irregular,grape-like cluster,Gram,+,(G,+,),Grow well on basic medium,Biological properties,Coagglutination test with inert particles(e.g.,heat-killed,S.aureus,or,latex beads,),SPA,may,resist phagocytosis,by,competive,ly binding,with Fc receptors of phagocytes,Important,Properties of 3 Main,Species of,Staphylococci,Pathogenicity&immunity,Coagulase,Free,Coagulase,Free,Coagulase,staphylothrombin,(,游离凝固酶,),(,葡萄球菌凝血酶,),Fibrinogen Fibrin,Plasma to be,cloted,Tube,coagulase,test,activated,convert,Virulence,Protection actions,Infection localized,Bound,coagulase,(,结合凝固酶,),or,clumping factor,(,凝聚因子,),plasma to be,cloted,or,bacteria to coagulate,Slide,coagulase,test,classified into,-,-,-,&-toxin,-toxin,makes pores in cell membranes,Staphylolysin,(,葡萄球菌溶素,),including,type A,&,type B,causes,staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,(,SSSS,),Exfoliatin,(,表皮剥夺毒素,),including,serotype A,B,C1-3,D,E,G,&,H,responsible for,food poisoning,(,食物中毒,),mainly cause vomiting,also acts as,superantigen,(,超抗原,),Enterotoxin,(,肠毒素,),causes,toxic shock syndrome,(TSS),one kind of,superantigens,Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1(TSST-1),(,毒性休克综合征毒素,-1),Others,heat-stable nuclease,(,耐热核酸酶,),Clinical diseases,Invasive diseases,Toxin-mediated diseases,Pyogenic infections,-,local infections,-,systemic infections,-,food poisoning,-,staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,(SSSS),-,toxic shock syndrome,(TSS),Folliculitis,(,毛囊炎,),by,S.aureus,Bullous Impetigo by,S.aureus,A,S.aureus,infection on a 12-year-old childs cheek,Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections,Microbiological diagnosis,Animal test,Samples,Pus,blood,food,or vomitus,Isolation,Coagulase test,Mannite fermentation,Heat-stable nuclease,Smear,&,microscopy,G,+,staphylococci,Colony pigments&hemolysis,Biochemical reactions,Enterotoxins detection,Identification of pathogenic staphylococci,Coagulase,(+),Heat-stable nuclease(,+),Golden pigment,(+),Hemolyzation,(+),Mannite,fermentation(+),Prevention&treatment,Prevention,preventing nosocomial infection,Treatment,antibiotics sensitivity test,personal hygiene,sterilisation&detention,self,-,bacterial vaccine therapy,preventing drug resistance,Methicillin-resistant,S.aureus,MRSA,(,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,),Coagulase-negative,staphylococci,(CNS),(,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,),Compare the features of common,pyogenic,bacteria.,Discuss the pathogenic features and identification points of,Staphylococcus,aureus,.,Questions:,Streptococci,G,+,spherical,elliptical,arranged,in chain,Grow well on nutrient medium w/blood,Biological properties,Shape,Stain,&,Culture,Antigenic structure,Protein antigen,surface Ag,outside C antigen,type-specific,including,M,T,R,S in Group A,Polysaccharid,antigen,C,Ag,group-specific,Nucleoprotein,P,Ag,non-specific,Cell cytoplasm Cell membrane,Peptidoglycan,Capsule,Cell wall,Classification,According to,-,hemolytic,Streptococcus,-,hemolytic,Streptococcus,-,Streptococcus,Hemolysis,group A-V,total 20 groups,among,pathogenic,streptococci,90%is group A,over 100 types,according to,M,Ag,group B,C,D,&G occasionally,Antigenic structure,Pathogenicity,Group A,Streptococci,(,S.pyogenes,),Pathogenic substances,Protein G,:,similar to Protein A,adhesins,-,lipoteichoic,acid(LTA),-,fibronectin,binding protein(FBP,protein F),(,纤丝蛋白结合蛋白,F,蛋白,),-,protein M,Bacterial structure,Streptolysin,(SL,链球菌溶素,),Streptococcal,pyrogenic,exotoxin,(SPE,链,球菌致热外毒素,),Hyaluronidase,(,透明质酸酶,),Streptokinase,(SK,链激酶,),Streptodornase,(SD,链道酶,),Toxins&enzymes,Streptolysin S,(SLS,链球菌溶素,S),-,low MW glycopeptide,-,oxygen-stable,-,causes,-,hemolysis on Blood Agar plate,-,non-antigenic,Streptolysin O,(SLO,链球菌溶素,O),-,protein w/SH group,-,oxygen-labile,-,destroys,many kinds,of cells,-,anti-SLO test(ASO test),helpful for diagnosis,Streptolysin,-,coded by,lysogenic bacteriophage,-,proteins including,serotype A,B,C,-,causes,scarlet fever,(,猩红热,),-,one kind of superantigens,-,also,causes,TSS,Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin(SPE),(,链球菌致热外毒素,),Streptokinase,(SK,链激酶,),-,also called as streptococcal fibrinolysin,(,链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶,),Streptodornase,(SD,链道酶,),-,hydrolyzes DNA,Hyaluronidase,(,透明质酸酶,),-,also called as,spreading factor,(,扩散因子,),-,hydrolyzes,hyaluronic acid,in connective tissue,-,helpful for spreading of bacteria,Clinical diseases,Pyogenic infections,Toxin-mediated diseases,Allergic diseases(late complications),-,scarlet fever,(,猩红热,),-,Streptococcal toxin-mediated TSS,-,rheumatic fever,(,风湿热,),-,acute glomeruloniphritis,(,急性肾小球肾炎,),Erysipelas,(,丹毒,),by,S.pyogenes,Cellulitis,(蜂窝组织炎),by,S.pyogenes,Honey-crust lesion typical of,S.pyogenes,impetigo,Pathogenesis of,S.pyogenes,infections,Samples,Pus,Blood,Nasopharynx swab,Isolation w/blood agar plate,distinguish,ing from,S.pneumoniae,Smear,&,microscopy,G,+,streptococci,distinguishing from,staphylococci,Other streptococci,-,hemolysis,Assist-diagnosis for rheumatic fever,-,hemolysis,ASO test,Microbiological diagnosis,S.,pneumoniae,Group B,streptococci,Group D,streptococci,Viridans,(,-hemolytic),streptococci,Streptococcus,suis,(,猪链球菌,),Enterococcus,species,(,肠球菌,),&,VRE,Other streptococci,Enterococcus,species and VRE,Enterococcus,spp.,(,肠球菌,),Previously classified as,Group D,streptococci,In 1984,named as,genus,Enterococcus,Gram,+,cocci,in pairs or short chains,Most are facultative anaerobes,Complex nutritional requirements,Group D specific,teichoic,acid antigen,Enterococcus,spp.viewed by direct fluorescent antibody(FA)reaction,Enterococcus,spp.,Commonly found in the intestines of normal,healthy individuals(humans and animals).,2 important human diseases-related,spp,.,E.,faecalis,(,粪肠球菌,),and,E.,faecium,(,屎,肠球菌,),Cause,Urinary tract infections,Bacteremia,&,septicaemia,Subacute,endocarditis,Wound infections,Foodborne,diseases,Meningitis,Nosocomial,infections,One of i,mportant,life-threatening,nosocomial,pathogens,Vancomycin,Resistant,Enterococci,(VRE,耐万古霉素肠球菌,),Since 1986,VRE infections has become,a growing problem,1.Discuss the pathogenic features of,Streptococcus pyogenes,.,2.Discuss identification points between hemolytic streptococci and other pyogenic bacteria.,Questions:,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,(,淋病奈瑟菌,),Biological properties,Shape and stain,-,G,-,diplococci,in or on,PMNs,on pus smear,-,No,endospore,&flagellum,&w/capsule&,pili,Culture,-,Obligate aerobes,need 5%CO2 while,primary isolation,-,High nutritional requirement,“Chocolate Blood Agar Plate”,Antigenic structure and classification,-,Pilus,protein antigens,-,Outer membrane protein antigens,：,PI,PII,&PIII,-,LOS(,lipooligosaccharide,脂寡糖,),LPS-like,N.gonorrhoeae,colonies,on,Chocolate Blood Agar Plate,Pathogenesis,Virulent factors,-,Pili,-,Outer membrane proteins,-,LOS,-,IgA1 protease,-,Others,Clinical findings,-,Gonorrhea,-,Gonococcal,conjunctivitis,Gonorrhea symptoms,-Urethritis,-Vaginitis,-Cervicitis,-Salpingitis,-Pelvic inflammation,-Anorectal Gonorrhea,-Gonococcal Pharyngitis,-Gonococcal Conjunctivitis,-Gonococcal Arthritis,in Women,-Urethritis,-Epididymitis,-Prostatitis,-Anorectal Gonorrhea,-Gonococcal Pharyngitis,-Gonococcal Conjunctivitis,-Gonococcal Arthritis,in Men,Clinical manifestations of,N.,gonorrhoeae,infection,Immunity,Humoral,immunity more effective,No persistent immune responses,Infection,trend to,-,chronic&repeated occurrence,Microbiological detections,Nucleic acids detection,&so on,Samples,Pus secreta from genito-urinary tracts,eyes,&others,Isolation,Oxidase test,Sugar fermentation test,Immunofluorescence,assay,Smear,&,microscopy,G,-,diplococci,in or on PMNs,Colonies&microscopic findings,Biochemical reactions&serologic tests,Other tests,Prevention&treatment,Take,preventions,as,main measure,Choose,penicillin,as,No.1 drug,，,take,care of problems of drugs-resistant,bacterial stains,1.What are the main differences between,Neisseria meningitides,and,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,.,Question:,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,(铜绿假单胞菌,),P190,Shape,Stain,&,Culture,G,bacili,single terminal flagellum,appears capsule in some bacterial strains,grows readily and rapidly on many media,produces several kinds of water-soluble,pigments,Biological properties,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,colonies on agar plates,Pathogenicity&immunity,adhesins,pilus,non-pilus,adhesin,polysaccharide capsule,endotoxin,lipopolysaccharide,(LPS),Pathogenic substances,exotoxins,exotoxin,A,-,mode of action,similar to diphtheria toxin,exotoxin,S,(,exoenzyme,S),-,inhibits,phagocytosis,-,acts in vitro in the same way as the toxins of,Vibrio,cholerae,elastase,(,弹性蛋白酶),-,Las-A,(,丝氨酸蛋白酶),Las-B,(,锌金属蛋白酶),phosphoesterase,C,(,磷脂酶,C,),pyocyanin,(,绿脓菌素),Cytolysin,:,e.g.,leukocidin,Clinical diseases,Opportunistic pathogen,infections following burn,hospital-acquired infections,Pulmonary infections,Primary skin infections,Urinary infections,Primary skin infections of,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,1.Discuss the pathogenic features of,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,.,Question:,