大学核心商务英语读写教程3Unit5-Dumping-and-Antidumping.ppt

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,LOGO,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,UNIT Five,Dumping and Antidumping,Objectives,To get familiar with,business report,To know something about dumping and anti-dumping,To learn new words and expressions,To master how to analyze difficult and long sentences,1.Background Information,2.Introduction to the Text,3.Business Terms,4.Words and Expressions,5.Notes to the Text,Text A Anti-dumping Actions,The use of anti-dumping and countervailing duties has increased around the globe,born from protectionist tendencies most countries have toward their home industries.,In free-trade shorthand,dumping occurs when an imported good is sold at less than the goods domestic fair market value.Anti-dumping is the legal framework countries use to place duties,or import surcharges,on products determined to be dumped.Anti-dumpings twin brother-countervailing duties is slapped on imports whose prices are deemed artificially low because of government subsidies.,1.Background Information,本商务语篇为说明文体，具体为商务报道,。,文中涉及的国际法语言准确、确凿、严谨，趋于高度的专业化。其中言简意赅的缩略语，可避免冗长的解释，简化交易过程，提高工作效率，符合人们商务英语使用过程中希望节省时间提高效率的要求，如“,WTO,”,和“,GATT,”,。,文中在表述世贸组织协议具有规定意义的规则时使用了大量的情态动词以及限定性动词，以表达各国贸易商在国际贸易实践中共同执行，以免由于各自不同的解释而导致误解、争议、诉讼的语义。这样的词语带有明显的法律、法规英语的特征。如“,can only be”,、“,must”,、“,can”,、“,allows”,等，这些词语表达了协议约束成员国依照国际贸易法履行法律义务的无条件性和必须性。,文体特征分析,2.Introduction to the Text,The World Trade Organization(WTO)is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.At its heart are the WTO agreements,negotiated and signed by the bulk of the worlds trading nations and ratified in their parliaments.The goal is to help producers of goods and services,exporters,and importers conduct their business.World Trade Organization is an international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade.,WTO,世界贸易组织,3.Business Terms,This agreement does two things:it disciplines the use of subsidies,and it regulates the actions countries can take to counter the effects of subsidies.It says a country can use the WTOs dispute settlement procedure to seek the withdrawal of the subsidy or the removal of its adverse effects.Or the country can launch its own investigation and ultimately charge extra duty(known as“countervailing duty”)on subsidized imports that are found to be hurting domestic producers.,Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement,补贴以及反补贴措施协议,3.Business Terms,subsidy,/sbsidi/,n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,a grant paid by a government to an enterprise that benefits the public,May we have a,subsidy,for sales promotion?,可以给我们促销活动一些补助金吗？,(2),countervailing/.kauntveili/adj.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,acting with equal force but opposite effect,The purpose of the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and,Countervailing,Measures is to regulate Members subsidy policies and make a fair trading environment.,世贸组织的,补贴与反补贴措施协议,旨在有效地规范,成员国的各种补贴政策，从而营造一个公平的贸易环境。,(4)expire/ikspai/vi.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,to lose validity,Employment contracts are divided into fixed-term employment contracts,open-ended employment contracts and employment contracts to,expire,upon completion of a certain job.,劳动合同分为固定期限劳动合同、无固定期限劳动 合同和以完成一定工作任务为期限的劳动合同。,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,to do things with the intention of gaining a desired result,She urged the government to take action to correct the phenomenon to prevent over reliance on the mainland market.,她力劝政府采取行动来纠正那种现象，以防止对大陆市场的过分依赖。,(6),take,action,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,to limit the range of;restrict,It is estimated that the central bank will cut interest rates in the near future in order to narrow down the banking and insurance industry profits space.,据估计中国央行将于近期降息，从而缩小银行、保险等行业的盈利空间。,(7)narrow down,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,to explain(facts,reasons,etc.)in order,esp.in writing,The Permit Holder and any person working on the Project shall comply with all conditions set out in this Permit.,许可证持有人及任何从事工程项目的人士必须完全遵从本许可证阐明的全部条件。,(9),set,out,释义,If a company exports a product which is cheaper than the price which is normally asked on its own home market,it is called“dumping”the product.,解析,it normally charges on its own home market,是定语从句修饰,price,。,其中,to charge price,意为,“,to ask price,索价，要价,”。,1.If a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market,it is said to be“dumping”the product.(Para.1),5.Notes to the Text,解析,it,本句是一个,以but,连接的并列句。在第二个分句中,where there is genuine(“material”)injury to the competing domestic industry,作状语从句,。against,是一个极为常见的介词，与一些特定的动词或表示动作的名词搭配使用具有引申的含义，如：,act against,抵制,、fight/act against,反抗,、behave against the school rules,违背校规等,。,2.The legal definitions are more precise,but broadly speaking the WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping where there is genuine(“material”)injury to the competing domestic industry.,（,Para.2,）,5.Notes to the Text,解析,句中,that,引导的定语从句修饰其前的,a way,；,破折号后的内容进一步解释说明前面,act,的方式。,bind,意为“,cause to obey”,。,discriminate between,意为“,unfairly treat one person or group worse or better than others,不公平地对待某人”，例如：,You must not discriminate between people employed in the same firm.,你对待同一公司的人不可厚此薄彼。,3.They allow countries to act in a way that would normally break the GATT principles of binding a tariff and not discriminating between trading partners typically anti-dumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to bring its price closer to the“normal value”or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country.,（,Para.3,）,5.Notes to the Text,解析,句中两个,how,引导的从句和,the conditions,并列作介词,on,的宾语；,for ensuring,作,the conditions,的后置定语；此外，,that,引导的从句作动名词,ensuring,的宾语从句。,4.Detailed procedures are set out on how anti-dumping cases are to be initiated,how the investigations are to be conducted,and the conditions for ensuring that all interested parties are given an opportunity to present evidence.,（,Para.6,）,5.Notes to the Text,释义,The agreement states that member countries must thoroughly tell the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices all the anti-dumping actions they prepare to do and have finished at once.,解析,本句的主语是,the agreement,，,谓语动词是,says,，,其余部分作宾语从句,；,informabout,为“,tell someone something,or give information to someone,告知某人某事”之意。,6.The agreement says member countries must inform the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices about all preliminary and final anti-dumping actions,promptly and in detail.,（,Para.8,）,5.Notes to the Text,1.Background Information,2.Introduction to the Text,3.Business Terms,4.Words and Expressions,5.Notes to the Text,Text B Technical Information on Anti-dumping in the UR Agreement,On 1 January 1995,the most fundamental change occurred during the Uruguay Round,which regulated the rules of the new dispute settlement mechanism,named the Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes(“Dispute Settlement Understanding”or“DSU”),。,According to the regulation,associative parties of world trade organization can not only settle the dispute by negotiation among themselves,but also by dispute settlement body of world trade organization,if dispute arises among members of world trade organization.,1.Background Information,本商务语篇是以说明文体为主的商务报道。,文中涉及的国际法语言清晰准确，行文简洁，用语礼貌正式的特点。其中外来词的运用意义比较稳定，有利于精确地表达概念，如文中源于拉丁语的术语,“,ad hoc,”(,特别的，专门的,),。,文体特征分析,2.Introduction to the Text,文章在语气方面分别使用了低值和高值情态动词，表达了在履行协议和解决争端时行文措辞的委婉礼貌的特征，以及要求成员国必须履行协议中所规定的各项义务的强硬态度。,On 1 January 1995,the most fundamental change occurred during the Uruguay Round,which regulated the rules of the new dispute settlement mechanism,named the Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes(“Dispute Settlement Understanding”or“DSU”),。,According to the regulation,associative parties of world trade organization can not only settle the dispute by negotiation among themselves,but also by dispute settlement body of world trade organization,if dispute arises among members of world trade organization.,DSU,争端解决谅解,3.Business Terms,（,2,）,consistency/knsistnsi/n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,a harmonious uniformity or agreement among things or parts,They are urging the valuation industry to raise the transparency and,consistency,of their reports.,他们强烈要求评估行业提高评估报告的透明度和一致性。,（,3,）,notification/,nutifikein/,n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,informing by words,The Beneficiary should give,notification,of acceptance or rejection of amendments.,受益人应发出接受修改或拒绝接受修改的通知。,（,4,）,ad hoc /,dhk/adj.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,(Latin)made for a particular purpose,An,ad hoc,committee was set up to deal with the water shortage.,为了解决缺水问题成立了一个特别委员会。,补充词义,adv.,for a particular purpose only,特别地,（,5,）,provision,/prvin/,n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,a condition in an agreement or law,According to the,provisions,of the agreement the interest on the loan must be paid monthly.,按照协议书的条款，贷款的利息要按月付。,补充词义,n.,the act of providing;(U+against,for)preparation against future risks or for future needs;,vi.(for)to provide with food and supplies in large quantities for a long time,（,6,）,compliance/kmplains/n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,obedience to a rule,agreement,demand,etc.,In,compliance,with your wishes we have withdrawn our suggestion.,遵照你的要求我们已将建议撤销。,（,7,）,deference/defrns/n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,regard for the wishes,opinions,etc.of another person,because of respect or love,or because of the other persons higher position or greater power,We treated her advice with due,deference.,我们对她的劝告非常尊重。,（,8,）,conformity,/,knf:miti,/n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,agreement with established rules,customs,etc.,We should act in,conformity,with the rules.,我们应该依照规定行事。,（,9,）,format/f:mt/n.,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,agreement with established rules,customs,etc.,We should act in,conformity,with the rules.,我们应该依照规定行事。,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,a product that is like,And its every performance is superior to,like product,on the market.,且其各项性能优于市场上同类产品。,(10)like product,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,legislative rule,Thus,their testimony will be shaped by the applicable,substantive rule,on the burden of proof.,因此，适用的有关举证责任的实体法规会影响他们的证词。,(11)substantive rule,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,to give an account of;state;describe,The president,set forth,his plans in a television talk.,总统在电视讲话中阐明了他的计划。,/In his preface the author,sets forth,his reasons for writing this book.,作者在前言中阐明了这本书的写作原因。,(12)set forth,ere,Meaning,4.Words and Expressions,Example,(of a law,rule,etc.)to allow;make,possible,The possibility of the book being translated is,provided for,in your contract.,在你们的合同中已规定有可能要翻译这本书。,(13),provide for,解析,本句是带有条件状语从句的复合句。条件状语从句的主语是,a determination,，,后面三个并列的,that,引导的同位语从句解释,determination,的内容,。,impose,意为,“,establish(an additional payment)officially,征,(,税,),；加（负担）”，例如：,to impose a tax on imports,征收进口税；,to impose duties on wines and spirits,征收酒类税。,in accordance with,意为,“,in a way that fulfils,根据,依照”，例如：,in accordance with law,根据法律行事,。,1.Under Article VI of GATT 1994,and the Anti-Dumping Agreement,WTO Members can impose anti-dumping measures,if,after investigation in accordance with the Agreement,a determination is made(a)that dumping is occurring,(b)that the domestic industry producing the like product in the importing country is suffering material injury,and(c)that there is a causal link between the two.,（,Para.2,）,5.Notes to the Text,解析,本句是简单句。句首介词短语,in addition to substantive rules governing the determination of dumping,injury,and causal link,作状语，其它成分依次为主语,the Agreement,，谓语动词,sets forth,，宾语,detailed procedural rules,，其后由,for,引起的介词短语作宾语的后置定语。,in addition to,意为“,as well as,besides,除,之外，另外”，例如：,In addition to French,he has to study Japanese.,除了法语外，他还得学日语。,2.In addition to substantive rules governing the determination of dumping,injury,and causal link,the Agreement sets forth detailed procedural rules for the initiation and conduct of investigations,the imposition of measures,and the duration and review of measures.,（,Para.2,）,5.Notes to the Text,解析,本句本句是简单句。主语为,the standard,，谓语动词有两个分别为,provides,和,is intended,。在作状语的动词不定式,to prevent dispute settlement panels from,中过去分词短语,based purely on their own views,作,decisions,的后置定语。由,deference,组成的惯用语如：,out of/in deference to,（出于）顺从，遵从；,pay deference to,对,.,表示敬意；,with all(due)deference to,尽管对,.,表示十分尊重,(,发表不同意见时的客气话,),等。,3.The standard provides for a certain amount of deference to national authorities in their establishment of facts and interpretation of law,and is intended to prevent dispute settlement panels from making decisions based purely on their own views.,（,Para.5,）,5.Notes to the Text,解析,本句中,which,引导的非限定性定语从句的修饰先行词,these notifications,。,adopt,意为“采纳，采用”例如：,The factories have adopted the newest modern technology.,那几家工厂采用了现代的最新技术。,(be)subject to,意为“,depending on,取决于，有待于”，例如：,Subject to your approval,well go ahead.,只要你同意，我们就会做起来。,4.The Committee has adopted a standard format for these notifications,which are subject to review in the Committee.,（,Para.7,）,5.Notes to the Text,1.Background Information,2.Introduction to the Text,3.Business Terms,4.Words and Expressions,5.Notes to the Text,Text C New strategy needed in antidumping cases,Why the China-U.S.Trade Dispute Is Heating Up,The relationship between China and the U.S.may be the worlds most complicated.While the two economies desperately need each other China relies on exports to the U.S.to drive growth while the U.S.requires investments from China to finance its giant deficits Beijing and Washington nevertheless routinely spar over a wide range of sensitive issues.The U.S.has accused China of manipulating its currency to unfairly promote exports,while China has openly called for the replacement of the U.S.dollar as the worlds premier currency.But with so much at stake,the two nations have tried to keep their rapport cordial.In July,U.S.President Barack Obama called for cooperation,not confrontation with China.,1.Background Information,Theme of the Text,：,Text C discusses China needs new strategy in anti-dumping cases in order to reduce trade disputes between the US and China.,2.Introduction to the Text,本文为一则商业评论。,全文语气强硬适中，态度鲜明，结构逻辑合理，意义连贯，而且遵循了先综合后分析的思维模式。,文体特征分析,2.Introduction to the Text,在以过去时为主阐述了中国遭受来自美国反倾销案例的基础上，作者又使用了高值情态动词“,needs to”(,第九段,),来表达中国必须履行对这些反倾销行动做出回应的义务。在随后提出自己观点的句子中，又连续多次使用了中值情态动词“,should”,（第十四段、第十七段和第十八段）来抒发自己坚持认为中国有义务采取新的策略来应对反倾销案例的观点。,The United States International Trade Commission is an independent,quasi-judicial Federal agency with broad investigative responsibilities on matters of trade.The agency investigates the effects of dumped and subsidized imports on domestic industries and conducts globa