科技英语翻译基本方法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,科技英语翻译基本方法,科技英语翻译基本方法科技英语翻译基本方法,一,、,照译,（,一,）,词语的照译,armed to,the,teeth,武装到牙齿,shed crocodile tears,流鳄鱼眼泪,2,Spring tides,occur every two weeks,usually within a few days of the,new and full moon.,3,(,二,),句子的照译,就句子的层面而言，照,译,指的是基本按照,英语,原文语序或原文主,体,结构的语序进行,翻,译的,方法，,即采用顺译法。如,：,Different forms of energy all can be used to do work,.,4,Researchers at Massachusetts Ins,ti,tute of Technology（M,IT,）have developed a silicon wafer implant that may be used for long,term drug administration in the future,.,5,二,、,删减,（,一,）,词语的删减,1.,删减动词（包括非谓语动词）,Wh,en the pressure,gets,low，the boiling point,becomes,low,.,6,Chemical cleaning,has,the distinct advantage of being,equally applicable to st,r,aight or bowed tubes,.,7,Radar involves transmitting electromagnetic waves of very,short wave length.,8,（,2,）删减冠词,The,atom is the smallest particle of,an,element,.,The,sun rises in,the,east and sets in,the,west,.,9,（,3,）删减代词,But i,t,s the way I am，and try as I might，I havent been,a,ble to change it,.,One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.,10,(4),删减介词,Smoking is prohibited,in,public places,.,11,（,5,）删减连词（含各类关联词）,Weight is a down force，,and therefore,any object will move downward.,The sun heats the earth，,which,makes it possible for plants to grow,.,They came to the school lab,where,they made experiments for two hours.,12,（,6,）删减语义重复的词语,Semiconductor devices have no filament,or heaters,；hence,they require no heating power or warmed up time.,Increased rate of reaction，in the presence of catalyzers，is called catalysis，,or catalytic action,.,13,(,二,),子句的删减,The university applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference,over those who had not.,译文A：那些有过工作经验的报考大学的人要比不曾,有过工作经验的报考大学的人优先录取。,译文B：报考大学的人，有工作经验的要比没有工作,经验的优先录取。,译文C：报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。,14,三,、,增补,He allowed the,father,to be overruled by the,judge,，and declared his own son guilty.,15,（,一,）,为补足原文词汇含义而增补,（,1,）对抽象名词进行增补,degradation退化现象，降解作用,distribution分布状况,observation观察结果,preparation准备工作/制备过程,reduction还原反应/作用过程,resonance共振现象,16,In rapid,oxidation,a flame is produced.,Our,normalization,is such that the curves in Fig.3 can be regarded as p,robability distributions.,17,（,2,）对普通名词进行增补,The arrows in the leads identify the,materials.,Light waves weaken as they spread out from a,source,.,18,（3,）对形容词以及名词定语进行增补,This new type of TV set is really,f,ine and inexpensive.,Since,conduction,is by both holes and electrons,the,junction,transistor is,bipolar,.,19,（四）对动词进行增补,We must,make,the phenomena clear,.,A pulsed laser system,has been tested,on a satellite,.,Clearly，cool temperature,sl,o,ws down,the action of bacteria,.,20,(,二,),为明确原文语法概念而增补,（,1,）增补表示复数概念的词语,There are,rows,of,ma,ch,ines or equipment in the workshop,he,has never seen before,.,The first electronic computers,went,in,to operation in 1946,.,21,（,2,）增补表示动词时态、语态、语气的词语,The electic motors,convert,electric energy into mechanical,energy,.,The high-al,ti,tude plane,was,and s,ti,ll,is,a remarkable bird,.,22,The first stage of a rocket,is thrown away,only minutes af,ter the,rocket takes off,.,Those semiconductor materials,should have been kept,in,s,ome dry place,.,23,（,3,）增补连词,Ordinary glass must be first achromatized,to become optical,glass,.,Con,f,ined in a rigid container,，gas will expand at some high,temperature.,24,（,4,）增补原文省略了的成分,Reactions of the first kind are called exothe,rm,ic reactions,and those of the second kind endothermic reactions,.,W,hen moving over land，a typhoon is gradually decreased,in,severity,.,25,三、为满足汉语语法修辞的要求而增补,（,1,）增补句子成分,This is what the experiment is intended to solve,.,In spite of the hardships，real efforts and progress are being made,.,26,（,2,）增补概括词,This country is militarily politically and economically,strong,.,27,（,3,）重复增补,This ma,gn,etic,fi,eld,may be that,of a bar mag,n,et,a,U-shaped magnet，or an electromagnet,.,28,（,4,）修辞增补,The forces,due to friction,are called frictional forces,.,Thereby the higher,l,atitudes,are prevented from becoming,increasingly colder and the low,latitudes,from becoming increasingly,hotter,.,29,四,、,转换,一、词义的转换,The,major contributors,in component tec,hn,ology have been,in the semiconductor components,.,30,There is no,physical,contact between tool and workpiece,.,31,(,二,),词性的转换,（一）名词转换为动词,Rocket has fo,un,d,application,fo,r,the,exploitation,of,univ,erse,.,The doctors,s,uggestion,is that I should quit smoking at,onc,e.,32,（,2,）名词转换为形容词,Cold fog dispersal has been an operational,success,in theU,.S.,since 1963,.,The lower stretches of rivers show considerable,variety,.,33,（,3,）名词转换为副词,I have the,honor,to inform you that your request is granted,.,We find,diffi,culty,in solving this problem,.,34,(9),动词转换为名词,Most US spy sate,l,ites are,designed,to bu,rn,up in the,earth,s atmosphere after completing their missions,.,Bright colors,characterize,his paintings,.,35,五,、,其他翻译技巧,（,一,）,分译,所谓分译法，是指在翻译时将英语原句中的,某,一词语分译成两个或更多的词语，即“一词多译”。,36,In,vented in 1946，the computer,has,now,made,surprising,advances and exciting changes,.,In the Soviet Union there had been no radi,o,TV,or press,mention,of either Abels arrest or conviction,.,37,(,二,),拆译,所谓拆译法，是指将简单句拆开译成并列句或复合句的方法，即把原句中某一单词或短语扩展后译成一个分句或从句；或者根据表达的需要将一个句子（包括单句或复句）拆译成两个句子。,38,The Chinese seemed,just,i,f,i,ably,proud of their own economic a,ch,ievements,.,His failure to observe the safety regulations,resulted in an ac,ci,dent to the mac,hin,ery,.,39,(,三,),合译,所谓合译法，是指将并,列句或,复合句缩合成,一个简单句的,译法，具体做法是把某个并,列句,或从句缩译成短语甚至词语（此时也就是句型转换法）；也指将,两个或更多同,义的词语,成一个,词语的方法，这种情况多见于英语中并列使用同义词的场合。,40,W,hen we praise the Chinese leadership and the people,，we are,not merely being polite,.,Mary is a very,grac,efu,l and elegant,lady loved by everybody,.,41,While the Chinese continue to go overseas，people from,other countries are coming to China to work and study,.,Th,e result is a,wealth of cultural，economic，scientif,i,c and technological exchanges that,p,rofit not only China but the rest of the world,.,42,(,四,),还原,Despite initial major problem with grinding the technical,problems were not the most difficult,ones,to solve,.,The neutrons and protons form the nucleus of the atom，around which the electrons moves,.,43,(,五,),换位,所谓换位法，是指对句中的名词及其,代,词进行换位翻译的方法。它包括两种情况：一是指,先译出代,词所指，而后再将其所替代的名词译成代词，或反其道而行,之；二是指将成对使用的,前后两,个,代词在译文中互换位置。,44,Because,it,is generated i,n,te,rn,ally,t,he use of,pitch or tar,has,increased,.,译文A：因为它是厂内生产的，沥青或焦油的使用已经增加。,译文B：因为沥青或焦油是厂内生产的，其使用已经增加。,45,When two elements combine into more than one compound，the different weights of,one,element which combines with the,same weight of,the other,are in the ratio of small integers.,46,译文A,:,当两种元素化合成两种以上化合物时，可和同样重量的另一种元素化合的一种元素的各个不同重量是成小整数比率的。,译文B：当两,种元素,化合成两种以上化合物时，可和同样重量的一种,元,素化合的另一,种元素的各个不同重量是成,小整数比率的。,47,谢谢观赏,