2019届安徽省中考英语总复习-第二部分-语法专题过关-专题五-介词和介词短语讲义-人教新目标版.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,中考,安徽,中,考,英,语,2019,第二部分语法专题过关,专题五介词和介词短语,CONTENTS,目 录,PART 01,考情,PART 02,考点,PART 01,考情,考情总结,链接中考,图解语法,命题点,考情总结,考情,从近,10,年安徽中考英语试题的考查情况来看,介词和介词短语为高频考点。对介词和介词短语的考查主要体现在单项填空和完形填空两大题型中,集中在介词和介词短语的意义理解上,重点考查学生在特定语境中对介词和介词短语用法的掌握情况。,考点,年份,介词辨析,介词短语辨析,2018,against,2017,behind,2016,behind,in,danger,2015,in,of,as,a,result,2014,after,2013,over,2012,during,in,the,end,2011,in,instead,of,in,danger,2010,in,in,the,way,2009,in,front,of,命题点,链接中考,考情,B,1.2017,安徽,38To my pleasure,my family is always,me whatever I decide to do.,A.above B.behind,C.from D.through,2.2015,安徽,33The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come,four days.,A.afterB.for,C.during D.in,3.2014,安徽,32,the exam,well say goodbye to our dear teachers,classmates as well as our beautiful school.,A.In B.For C.After D.Through,4.2013,安徽,37Mrs.King put a coat,the sleeping girl to keep her warm.,A.overB.withC.behind D.beside,D,C,A,命题点,链接中考,考情,B,5.2012,安徽,36Welcome to our hotel!I hope youll have a good time,your stay here.,A.after B.during C.with D.since,6.2011,安徽,42I hear our teacher will be back,three weeks time.,A.at B.in C.for D.after,7.2010,安徽,33What time do you expect me back,Mum?,Say,half an hour.,A.atB.beforeC.inD.for,8.2009,安徽,34Why are you standing there,Maggie?,I cant see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting,me.,A.behind B.in front of,C.beside D.next to,B,C,B,命题点,图解语法,考情,PART 02,考点,考点,1,表示时间的介词,考点,2,表示地点的介词,考点,3,表示方式的介词,考点,4,表示动态的介词,考点,5,表示范围的介词,考点,6,其他常考的介词,考点,7,常见的介词短语,考点,1,考点,表示时间的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,常用的表示时间的介词有,at,in,on,by,since,until,during,for,before,after,past,through,from.to.,等。基本用法如下,:,介词,用法,示例,at,多用于某一具体时刻之前,I usually go to bed at 10:00.我通常十点睡觉。,也用在固定搭配中,at noon/night 在中午/夜里;at Christmas 在圣诞节;at the age of 3在3岁时,in,表示一段时间,用于年份、月份、四季、世纪之前,或泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上等,in 2018 在2018年;in September 在九月;in summer 在夏天;in the 21st century 在21世纪;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上,表示多长时间或多久以后,常用于一般将来时,The train will leave in ten minutes.火车将在10分钟后离开。,考点,1,考点,表示时间的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,on,多用于星期几、具体的日期、具体的某一天或某些节日之前,on Monday 在星期一;on May 2nd 在5月2日;on your birthday 在你生日那天;on New Years Day 在元旦,用于具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上之前,on the evening of May the first 在5月1日的晚上;on a winter morning 在一个冬天的早上,by,意为到为止,如果by之后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用;如果by之后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用,Ill finish the work by tomorrow morning.,我将在明天上午之前完成这项工作。John,had read five books by the end of last term.在上学期期末之前,约翰已经看了5本书了。,考点,1,考点,表示时间的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,since,意为自,以来,后接具体的时间点,常与现在完成时连用,表示一直延续的动作或状态,谓语动词为延续性动词,He has lived here since 2008.自2008年以来他一直住在这里。She has been off work since Tuesday.星期二以来她一直没有上班。,until,用在肯定句中,意为直到为止,谓语动词用延续性动词,Anna worked as a teacher in America until last month.直到上个月,安娜一直在美国当老师。,用在否定句中,意为直到,才,谓语动词多用非延续性动词,I didnt leave home until 5 oclock.直到5点我才离开家。,考点,1,考点,表示时间的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,during,意为在,期间,He didnt say anything during the party.在聚会期间,他什么都没有说。,for,表示一段时间,后接时间段,He slept for eight hours last night.他昨晚睡了8个小时。,before,意为在之前,The new road should be completed before the end of the year.这条新公路应该在年底前完工。,after,意为在以后,后接时间段,常用于一般过去时,I went home after an hour.一小时之后我回家了。,意为在以后,后接时间点,常用于一般将来时,Well leave after 7 oclock.我们将在7点后动身。,考点,1,考点,表示时间的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,past,意为晚于;在之后,Its five past eight.现在是八点五分。It was past midnight when the party ended.派对结束的时候已经过了午夜了。,through,意为在整个期间;自始至终,The cold weather continued through the spring.寒冷的天气持续了整个春天。,from.to.,意为从到,He had ten lessons from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm yesterday.昨天从上午8点到下午6点,他上了10节课。,考点,1,考点,表示地点的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,in,on,和,to,介词,用法,示例,in,表示在某一地区之内的方位(属于该范围),Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国东部。(内部,属于),on,表示与某一地区的毗邻关系(两地接壤),Hebei is on the north of Henan.河北在河南北部。(外部,接壤),to,表示在某一地区之外的方位(两地没有接壤),Japan is to the east of China.,日本在中国东部,。(,外部,不接壤,),考点,1,考点,表示地点的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,at,in,和,on,介词,用法,示例,at,表示在一个点或较小的地方,at the table 在桌旁;at the bus stop在公共汽车站,in,表示在一个范围或较大的地方,in the city 在城市里;in America 在美国,on,表示在一个平面上,或在某物体上吊着/挂着,There is a mirror on the wall.,墙上有一面镜子。There,are many apples on the tree.,树上有很多苹果,。,考点,1,考点,表示地点的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,above,below,over,under,和,on,介词,用法,示例,above,意为在上方,不一定垂直在上,且两个物体互不接触,其反义词是below,He lifted his hands above his head.他双手举过头顶。,below,意为在下面,不一定垂直在下,且两个物体互不接触,Please do not write below this,line.请不要在这条线下面书写,。,考点,1,考点,表示地点的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,over,意为在,上方,表示垂直在上,且两个物体互不接触,其反义词是under,They held a large umbrella over her.他们给她撑起一把大伞。,under,意为在下面,表示垂直在下,且两个物体互不接触,He hid the box under his bed.他把盒子藏在了自己的床底下。,on,意为在上面,表示两物体接触,She put the book on the table.,她把书放在了桌子上,。,考点,1,考点,表示地点的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,in,front,of,和,in,the,front,of,介词,用法,示例,in front of,表示在某一空间外部的前面,Theres a park in front of the hotel.宾馆前面有一个公园。,in the front of,表示在某一空间内部的前面,I always sit in the front of the classroom.,我总是坐在教室的前部,。,考点,1,考点,表示地点的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,其他表示地点的介词,介词,用法,示例,near,在附近;靠近,They live near London.他们住在伦敦附近。,beside,在旁边/近旁,She came up and sat beside me.她走过来,坐在我身边。,by,在旁边;靠近,Jane stood by the window.简站在窗边。,next to,紧挨着;在近旁,We sat next to each other.我们紧挨着坐在一起。,behind,在后面,Stay close behind me.紧跟在我后面。,opposite,在对面,The store is opposite the bank.商店在银行对面。,against,紧靠;倚着,Put the piano there,against the wall.,把钢琴放在那儿,紧靠着墙,。,考点,1,考点,表示方式的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,with,by,in,on,和,through,介词,用法,示例,with,表示用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官,Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切开。,by,表示用某种方式或手段,后接名词、代词或动名词,He replied by email.他用电子邮件回复了。,与表示交通工具的名词连用,They travelled to Beijing by train.,他们乘火车去北京,。,考点,1,考点,表示方式的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,in,表示用某种材料、语言、声音等,We communicated in French.我们用法语交流。,与表示交通工具的名词连用,名词前应有冠词、物主代词等,He took us for a drive in his new car.他开着他的新车载我们去兜风。,on,表示使用机器、设备或某种乐器,We spoke on the phone.我们通过电话谈了谈。,与表示交通工具的名词连用,名词前应有冠词、物主代词等,I came on my bike.我骑自行车来的。,through,表示通过具体过程、方法、中介,It was through him that I got the job.,我全靠他的助才找到这份工作,。,考点,1,考点,表示动态的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,across,through,past,over,into,out,of,towards,to,和,for,介词,用法,示例,across,意为(从表面)横过,穿过,They ran straight across the road.他们径直跑过了马路。,through,意为(从内部)穿过,The bird came in through the window.那只鸟从窗户飞了进来。,past,意为(从旁边)经过,He hurried past them without stopping.他匆匆走过他们身边,连停都没停。,over,意为,(,从上空,),越过,The cat jumped over the wall.,猫跳过了墙,。,考点,1,考点,表示动态的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,into,意为,(,从外部,),进入,Since it started raining,the boys ran into the house.外面下起雨来,男孩们跑进了屋子。,out of,意为(从里面)出来,I dont think I have the courage to jump out of a plane.我想我没有勇气从飞机里往外跳。,towards,意为向,朝,对着,仅表方向,不一定到达,She went towards the bookstore.她去书店了。(不一定到达),to,意为向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处),表到达,She came to my office at noon.她在中午来到我的办公室。(到达),for,意为往,向,仅表方向,不一定到达,She went for the bookstore.,她去书店了,。(,不一定到达,),考点,1,考点,表示范围的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,between,among,except,but,和,outside,介词,用法,示例,between,意为在(两者)之间,I sat down between Mary and Lily.我在玛丽和莉莉中间坐下。,表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每两者之间,You shouldnt eat between meals.正餐之间不应该进食。,among,意为在(三者或三者以上)之间,I found the letter among his papers.我在他的文件中找到了这封信。,考点,1,考点,表示范围的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,except,意为除,之外,(,没有,),指从整体中排除except后的人或事物,The office is open every day except Sundays.,办公室除了星期天之外天天开门,。,but,意为除之外(没有),常用在nothing,all,any,anyone,everything或everyone等词后,There is no one here but me.这里除了我没有别人。,outside,意为超出界限;在(某范围)之外,We camped a few miles outside the town.,我们在城外几英里的地方露营,。,考点,1,考点,其他常考的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,as,意为像;如同,They were all dressed like little tigers.他们都打扮得像小老虎。,意为作为;身为,As students,we should work hard.作为学生,我们应该努力学习。,意为当作,He treats me as a friend.他把我当作朋友。,like,意为像;相似;类似,Her hair is dark brown like mine.她的头发是深褐色的,和我的一样。,意为例如;譬如;像,Things like glass,paper,and plastic can all be recycled.玻璃、纸张、塑料之类的东西都可以回收利用。,意为怎么样,What are Lilys parents like?莉莉的父母是怎样的人?,考点,1,考点,其他常考的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,of,意为属于,(,某人,/,某物,);,关于,(,某人,/,某物,),a friend of mine我的一个朋友a map of China 一幅中国地图,意为的,表示某物的特征和品质,the length of the swimming pool 游泳池的长度,用于说明某人来自哪里,the people of China 中国人民,off,意为不工作;不上学;休息,He has had ten days off school.他有十天没上学了。,意为从去掉,She has taken the mirror off the wall.她已经把镜子从墙上取下来了。,than,意为比,用于两个事物的比较,引出第二个事物,I am older than her.,我比她年龄大,。,考点,1,考点,其他常考的介词,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词,用法,示例,with,意为和一起,She lives with her parents.她和父母住在一起。,意为具有;带有,a book with a green cover一本绿色封面的书,without,意为缺乏;没有,a life without a goal 没有目标的生活,意为无;没有,(,人相伴或给予助,),I dont know what to do without you.没有你我不知道该怎么办。,意为不(做某事),常用作without doing sth.,He left without saying goodbye.,他不辞而别,。,考点,1,考点,常见的介词短语,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词与名词的搭配,at+名词,at birth出生时;at the moment此刻,当时;at hand在手边,在附近;at present目前,in+名词,in English用英语;in the countryside在乡下;in the end最后;in fact实际上;in half分成两半;in ones opinion依看;in silence沉默地;in a row连续地;in person亲自;in public公开地;in total总共;in danger在危险中;in the way挡道;in time及时;,in trouble处于困难中,on+名词,on(a)vacation度假;on the weekend(在)周末;on weekends(在)周末;on foot步行;,on time按时;on duty值班;on business出差,其他介词+名词,by,accident偶然,;for,example例如,;to ones,surprise让某人惊奇的是,;as a,result结果,考点,1,考点,常见的介词短语,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词与形容词的搭配,be+,形容词,+about,be careful about,当心,be crazy about,热衷于,be sure/certain about,对,有把握,be worried about,对,担忧,be+,形容词,+at,be surprised at,对,感到惊讶,be good at,擅长,be mad at,对,感到生气,be+,形容词,+for,be famous for,因,著名,be ready for,为,做准备,be thirsty for,渴望,考点,1,考点,常见的介词短语,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,be+,形容词,+in,be interested in,对,感兴趣,be+,形容词,+of,be afraid of,害怕,be full of,充满,be tired of,对,感到厌倦,be proud of,为,骄傲,be short of,缺少,be+,形容词,+with,be angry with,对,生气,be busy with,忙于,be strict with,对,要求严格,be patient with,对,有耐心,be popular with,受,欢迎,be pleased with,对,感到满意,考点,1,考点,常见的介词短语,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,介词与动词的搭配,1.动词+介词,dream of梦想laugh at嘲笑 think about考虑 depend on依靠 get to到达 listen to听 be against反对 count on指望 be for 支持 wait for等待 arrive in/at到达 agree with赞成,2.动词+副词+介词,catch up with赶上 come up with提出 get along with与相处融洽 look forward to期望 date back to追溯到 live up to不辜负,look down upon看不起 run out of 用完,3.动词+名词+介词,make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 take the place of取代,take pride in为感到自豪 make use of利用,4.动词+介词+名词,go to school去上学 go to bed去睡觉 keep in mind记住 keep under control控制,考点,1,考点,常见的介词短语,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,6,考点,7,其他含介词的搭配,instead,of代替,at first首先,along with连同,thanks to多亏,as for至于,at least至少,because of由于,at last最终,at once立刻,in common共同,in all总共,such as例如,across from,在对面,ahead of在前面,according,to根据,