howtowriteasummary详细讲解PPT专业.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,1,Summary,A bridge between reading and writing,what is a summary?,2,Definition of a summary,A summary is a,shortened,version of the original.,highlight the major points,get the gist(main points)in a short period of time.,be written in your own words,3,Differences between summary and abstract,summary 概要、概括总结,abstract 论文摘要,Abstract is a short-clear-high pointer.,Summary is a little detailed out version of abstract.,A summary reflects what the original contains,whereas an abstract reflects what the original is about.,A summary contains the meat of the original,whereas an abstract contains only its skeletal structure.,4,e.g:a movie,it is goodorit is a love story,abstract,there is a hero falls in love with a girl,he chases her,then they get married etc.,summary,when you write a paper,an abstract is needed,but you dont need to write a summary.We can say summary is a kind of tool.,5,Characteristics of a good summary,a summary must be comprehensive,a summary must be concise,a summary must be coherent,a summary must be independent,6,上一页,Dos and donts when writing a summary,the length of a summary:,one-third to one-quarter,of its original size.,a summary is writen,in your own words,not in the words of the original selection.,a summary gives only,main points of the text,.,you should decide what,type,of a summary based on the needs for the reader.,7,Styles of passage,8,Steps of summary writing,reading,writing,modifying,9,First:reading,1.,Skim and scan,the text to identify the topic and to understand how the information has been organized.,2.Reading carefully.,Make a note of the writers main points,in your own words.,10,Second:,writing,1.use your own words,2.write in the third person-the passive voice(被动语态),11,Third:modifying,1.omit repetition and details,2.revise the writing until you are sure that you have an accurate summary which flows logically.,12,Some skills of writing a summary,Skill 1,:,Omit the details,Skill 2:,Omit the repetitions,Skill 3:,Omit the examples,Skill 4:,Use general(概括性)words instead of specific(具体的)words,Skill 5:,Put the main points of a dialogue in the passive voice,Skill 6:,Find out the topic sentence or the key words,13,Some examples,1.You can think of a way to manage your temper.Here are some tips:,1)We should try to calm down and figure out what we are really upset about.,2)Keep a diary.It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.,3)We can try to talk with our best friends to release stressful emotions.,Summary:,Skill _,There are many tips for you to manage your temper.,3:Omit,the examples,14,2.Nowadays more and more teenagers,try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious.They always want to wear long and strange hair style,which their parents complain about a lot.They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games.,Summary:,Skill _,Nowadays,there is an increasing tendency that more and more teenagers try to behave independently and differently.,1:Omit the details,15,3.Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly,“You put too salt on your food,Paul.Its not at all good for you!”Paul put down his knife and frowned,“Why on earth not!If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating wood or sand just imagine bread without salt in it!”,Summary:,Skill _,Kate asked Paul not to use too much salt on his food and told him many disadvantages of it.,5:,Put the main points of a dialogue in the passive voice,16,4,.She brought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage,carrots,cucumbers,tomatoes,potatoes and some eggs.She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend.,Summary:,Skill,_,To hold her birthday party at the weekend,she bought a lot of vegetables.,4:Use general words instead of specific words,17,Summary,understanding,the writing style,topic sentence,key words,your own words,the 3rd person,1/3 to 1/4,modify/revise,