中考英语知识点总复习-代词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语语法课程,之代词,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,代词的种类,人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词,疑问代词,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,人称代词,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,第一人称,I,me,we,us,第二人称,you,you,you,you,第三人称,he,him,they,the,m,she,her,it,it,数,格,人称,主语 宾语 表语,系动词后面的部分就是表语,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,1.,句法功用,(1),人称代词的主格形式在句中作,主语,等成分。,eg,:,They,are all good students.,She,is going to another city.,her,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,(2),人称代词的宾格形式在句中作,宾语和表语。,eg,:Do you,understand,her,?,宾语,her name,is Rachel.,表语,We are,waiting for,you,.,宾语,Open the door.It,s,me,.,It,is,me.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,2.,注意事项,如果同时出现多个人称代词，注意排序。,（,1,）为了表示礼貌和谦虚，排列次序总是习惯将第二人称、第三人称放在前面，将第一人称放在后面。,单数,“,二三一,you,he/she/it I,”,Eg,:He and I like green tea.,You,she and I should help each other.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,注意事项,(2),如果是承担责任，说话者应把第一人称放在第一位。,eg,:,I and Tom,broke the window.,(3),复数形式,“,一、二、三,”,（,we,you and they,）,eg,:,We,you and they,should help each other.,单数人称代词,231,承担责任,123,复数形式,123,Exercise,1._(,我,)am a teacher.,2.My father is talking with _(,我,).,3._(,他,)often plays basketball after school.,4._(,我们,)buy a pair of shoes for _(,他,).,We,主格,our,形容词性物主代词,us,宾格,him,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Exercise,Who taught _,maths,last year?,they B.their,C.them,D.theirs,taught teach,教的过去式,teach sb.,sth,系动词后是表语,2.,Reading more,helps,_ learn better.,We,B.us,C.our D.ours,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,物主代词,单数,复数,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,形容词性物主代词,my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,名词性物主代词,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,数,人称,格,My book is on the desk,yours is on the table.,=your book,名词性物主代词,=,形容词性物主代词,+,名词,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,用 法,形容词性物主代词起,形容词,的作用，在句中只能作,定语,，即形容词性物主代词后面一定要接一个名词。,eg,：,My,books,are over there.,I was looking for,my,glasses,everywhere.,形容词性物主代词,+,名词,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,(2),名词性物主代词起名词作用，因此其后不能接名词。在句中可作主语，表语，宾语。,eg,:It isn,t your ruler.It,s,mine,.,表语,Yours,is in your desk.,主语,your ruler,I have lost my dictionary.Please lend me,yours,.,宾语,your dictionary,Exercise,1.My book is blue._,Yours_(you,)is red.,2.Our chair is better than _ chair(they).,3.I will give the presents,to_(they,).,4.These books,are_(I,),and those,are_(you,).,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,反身代词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,复数,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,人称,数,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,习惯用语,by oneself,独自的,enjoy oneself,玩的开心,teach oneself,自学,make oneself at home,无,拘束,look after oneself,自己照顾自己,say to oneself,自言自语；暗自思量,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Exercise,5.We can,t leave our grandparents by _.,they B.them,C.,themself,D.themselves,6.Be careful with that knife,or you,ll cut,_.,A.himself B.ourselves,C.yourself D.themselves,人称代词，物主代词，反身代词总表,指示代词,“,这个,”“,那个,”,“,这些,”“,那些,”,this,指在时间上或空间上离说话人较 近的人或物。,these,that,指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。,those,用法,this,that,用于指代单数名词；,these,those,用于指代复数可数。,eg,:This is my book,and these are yours.,Those cars are made in China.,2.this/these,一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物而,that/those,常指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的,人或物。,eg,:This present is for you and that one is for,your mom.,We are very happy these days.,3.,为了避免重复，可用,that/those,用来指代前面提,到的名词。,eg,:This book is not so interesting as,that,I read,yesterday.,The vegetables in this store are cheaper than,those,in that store.,4.this,，,that,在电话用语中可以指自己和对方。,eg,:A:Is that Mr.Smith speaking?,B:Who is that?,A:This is Mary,Mr.Smith.,疑问代词,用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词。,主格,宾格,所有格,指人,who,whom,Whose,指物,what,What,Whose,指人或物,which,which,Whose,指代,格,Who,是主格，用于询问别人的姓名、身份或关系，在句中作主语或表语；,whom,是宾格，在句中作宾语,。,Eg,:,who put the light out?,Who is that girl?,Whom/who did you meet last night?,Whom is Tom talking about?,1.Who,和,whom,的用法,Whose,既可以作名词用，也可以作形容词用,。,Eg,：,whose book is this?,whose is the desk?,2.Whose,的用法,What,既可以作名词用，也可以作形容词用。,Eg,：,What makes him so happy?,what class does he teach?,what is she?,what are you doing?,3.What,的用法,Which,表示在一定范围内选择，意为,“,哪一个,”,，回答通常为一个。,Eg,：,This is mine.Which is yours?,which of you is the oldest,？,which would you like,tea or coffee?,which book is more interesting?,4.Which,的用法,不定代词,不明确指代某个人或某些人、某个事物或某些事物,的代词。,不确定的,人或物,不确定的,数量,不确定的,选择,1,表示不确定的人或事物的不定代词,one,某人或事物,some,某个某些,any,任何一个,no,没有,each/every,每个,none,没有,other,别的,another,另一个,something,某事,somebody/someone,某人,anybody/anyone,任何一个人,everybody/everyone,每个人,nobody/no one,没有人,2,表示不确定的数量的不定代词,many 许多 much 许多,few 很少 little 很少,most 大部分 all 全部,3,表示不确定的选择的不定代词,either 两者中的任意一个,neither 两者中没有一个,none 三者或三者以上,不定代词,不明确指代某个人、某些人或某些事物的代词。,常见不定代词的用法和辨析：,Some,any,many,much,both,all,either,neither,none,no one,few,a few,little,a little,each,every,it,one,that,other,another,Some,和,any,Some,和,any,均表示“一些”。,e.g.:There are some trees behind the house.,Do you have any questions?,Would you like some tea?,You may go there any time.,注意,（,1,）,some,和,any,都可以表示,“,一些,”,，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。,（,2,）,some,一般用于肯定句中，,any,多用于疑问句和条件句中。,（,3,）在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或者表示请求、建议时用,some,。,any,也用于肯定句中，表示,“,任何,”,。,2.many,和,much,两者都表示“许多，大量”。,e.g.There are so many books that I,dont know which to choose.,I,ve,got too much work to do.,注意,（,1,）,many,修饰可数名词；,（,2,）,much,修饰不可数名词；,（,3,）两者都可以与表示程度的副词,so,too,how,连用。,3.both,，,all,both,表示“两者都”。,e.g.Both plans are good.,Both she and I are students.,(2)all,“表示三者或三者以上都”。,e.g.They all agree to stay here.,All of us don t like tea.,注意,（,1,）,both,表示,“,两者都,”,，常与,and,连用，作主语时，谓语用复数。,（,2,）,both,和,all,在句中作主语时，若与否定的谓语连用，则表示部分否定，意为,“,不都是,.,”,不能译为,“,都不是,.,”,.,4.either,neither,either,表示“两个当中的任意一个”；,e.g.Wouldyoulikeeitherofthese？,Ihaventreadeitherofthese(books),Either you or he is right.,(,2)neither,表示“两者都不”。,e.g.neither of us has been to Beijing.,She is neither clever nor hardworking.,注意,（,1,）,either,指两个中的任意一个，常与,or,搭配，,either,.or,指,“,不是,.,就是,.,”,.,（,2,）,neither,指,“,两个人或物中一个也不,”,，常与,nor,一起搭配。,Neither,.nor,.,“,既不,也不,.,”,.,(3)Either,.or,和,neither,.nor,.,连接的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词应该与离它近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,常见不定代词的用法和辨析：,none,no one,each,every,it,one,that,other,another,5.few,a few,little,a little,1.None,，,no one,1).none,表示“三者或三者以上都不”；,e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.,None of these clothes fit/fits me well.,Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?,Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?,Isthereanywaterinthecup?,(2)no one,表示“没有一个人”；,e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.,Whoisintheroom?,Noone.,Isthereanyoneintheroom?,Noone.,注意,（,1,）,none,既可以独立使用，也可以与,of,连用。,（,2,）,none,指代人或物，既可以代替可数名词单复数，也可以代替不可数名词。,(3)No one,只指人，,不与,of,连用。谓语用单数。一般回答以,who,引导的特殊疑问句。,2.each,every,每一个,e.g.,There is,a line of trees,on,each,side of the river.,Every,student,has his own dictionary,.,整体,Each,student,has his own dictionary,.,个体,Each,has his good point.,Each of,the children has a red bag.,注意,（,1,）,each,强调个体，用于指两个或两个以上的人或事物；,（,2,）,every,强调整体情况，用于指三个或三个以上的人或物；,(3)every,用作形容词，在句中作定语，,each,既可用作形容词，又可用作代词。,3.it,one,that,三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。,e.g.I have lost my umbrella,I m looking for,it.,I have lost my umbrella,I think I must,buy,one.,The umbrella,you bought is cheaper,than,that,I bought.,同类异物,注意,（,1,）,one,泛指,上下文提及的同类事物的一个，同类而不同物；,（,2,）,it,指代前面提到过的事物，同类且同物；,(3)that,常用于比较句结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。,4.,other,the other,others,the others,another,eg:(1)Do you have any,other,questions?,(2)I have two pens,one is red,the other,is b,lue,.,(3)Some students are running,and,others,are,playing basketball.,(4)There are only five students.Where are,the,others,?,51,One goes to the park,the other goes to the zoo,.,Some,go to the park,others go to the zoo.,Some,go,to the park,the others,go to the zoo.,One,go,es,to the park,another goes to the zoo.,Some,go to the park,()go to the zoo.,Some,go to the park,()go to the zoo.,注意,（,1,）,other,意为,“,另外的,”,，一般作定语；,（,2,）,the other,表示,“,两个中另外一个,”,，常与,one,连用，构成,”,one,.the other,”,;,(4,）,the others,特指其余的人或物。,(3)Others,泛指别的人或物，是,other,的复数形式。,(5,）,another,指三个或三个以上的另一个。,5.few,a few,little,a little,e.g.I have been to Beijing a few times,.,Tina can speak a little Chinese.,There is a little rain in spring,here,is there,？,Ive made quite a few friends,here.,注意,（,1,）,few,和,a few,修饰可数名词，,little,和,a little,修饰不可数名词。,（,2,）,a few,和,a little,表肯定意义，意为,“,有几个，有一点,”,；,few,和,little,表示否定意义，意为几乎没有。,(3),口语中常用,only a few,或,only a little,表示,“,只有一些,/,点,”,，,quite a few,表示,“,相当多,”,。,复合不定代词,复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，,-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。,something(某事物),somebody(某人),someone(某人),anything(任何事物),anybody(任何人),anyone(任何人),nothing (没事物),nobody(没人),no one(没人),everything(一切事物),everybody(每个人),everyone(每个人),共十二个。,1.,修饰后置成分,eg:something important,nothing else,something to eat,This is something special.,2.,不定代词做主语时，谓语动词,用单数形式,。,eg:Something is wrong with your bike.,Nothing is difficult if you put heart into it.,3.,与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some,any的用法相同。,eg：Is anybody here?,Would you like something to drink?,Anything is OK.,4.,复合不定代词的否定,“,not every-,”,表示的是部分否定，意为,“,并非都，不都,”,。,eg：Not everything will go well.,“,not anything/anyone/anybody,”,和nothing/nobody/no one均表示全否定。,eg：He listened,but heard nothing.,=He listened,but didn,t hear anything.,Exercise,1.,Mum,I,m hungry.Is there _ to eat?,Yes,you can have some bread on the table.,something B.nothing C.anything,2.,What kind of house would you like?,Id like _with a garden in front of_.,A.It,one B.one,one C.one,it D.it,it,Exercise,3.A smile costs _,but gives so much.,something B.anything,C.nothing D.everything,4.Ive got several novels written by,MoYan,.You can borrow _ if you like.,A.it B.one C.every D.Either,Exercise,5.,What do you think of the movie by Zhao Wei?,Terrific.I like _ very much.,it B.him C.her D.you,6.,Who helped you clean the bedroom yesterday,Kitty?,_.I cleaned it all by myself.,A.Somebody B.Nobody,C.Everybody D.Anybody,Exercise,7.My host family tried to cook _ for,me when I studied in New Zealand.,different something,different anything,C.something different,D.anything different,Exercise,8.My family has two dogs.One is white,_ is black.,other B.another C.the other D others,9.,Have you read today,s newspaper?,No,I haven,t.Is there _in it?,something important,B.anything special,C.new anything,