裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第88课.doc

Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里【New words and expressions】（12）trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境 surface n. 地面，表面explosive n. 炸药 vibration n. 震动collapse v. 坍塌 drill v. 钻孔capsule n. 容器 layer n. 层、層次beneath prep. 在.之下 lower v. 放下，降低progress v. 进展，进行 smoothly adv. 顺利地一單詞講解： trap （1）v. 陷入，使陷于困境eg：He was trapped in the game preserve . 他被困在禁獵區。in the game preserve 在禁獵區（2）v. 將（某人）誘入圈套、誘騙 （某人）trap sb into doing 誘使某人做某事eg：They trapped her into marring him . 他們又騙她嫁給了他。（3） n.（捕鳥、獸等用的）圈套、陷阱 a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱set a trap for mouse set a mousetrap 設（陷阱）；張（羅網）；揚（帆），鉤住（4） n. 詭計、圈套、策略eg：He fell into a trap . 他掉進了陷阱 surface （1） n. 地面，表面a smooth surface 光滑的表面（2） n. 外表、外觀look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面on the surface 表面上的 、外觀上的friendship on the surface 表面上的友誼eg：You looked satisfied on the surface then . 那個時候你看起來表面上很滿足。（3） adj. 外表的surface differences 表面上的差異 ； surface kindness 表面上的好心短語：surface mail 陸 （水）路郵件、普通郵件（相反的airmail） send a letter by surface mail 寄普通郵件 explosive （1） n. 炸药high explosive 強力炸藥（2） adj. 爆發的、爆發性的an explosive substance 爆炸物explosion n. （1）爆發 、爆裂、爆炸聲a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸（2） 爆發 an explosion of laughter 爆發出笑聲explode v. （1） （炸藥、煤氣等）爆炸事件eg：The heat exploded the corked bottle . 熱氣使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。（2）（因生氣、笑等）使 （感情）爆發、（感情）爆發eg：He exploded in anger . 勃然大怒eg：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy . 看她吻了另一個男孩、他醋勁大發。 jealousy delsi n.妒忌；猜忌 vibration n. 震动the vibration of the traffic 車輛來往產生的振動。vibrate （1） v. 振動、搖動eg：His shoulders vibrated with anger .他氣到雙肩顫動。（2） v. 受而感動， （心）顫動、驚動eg：My heart vibrated to the soulful painting .那張充滿感情的畫感動了我的心靈。 collapse （1） v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩潰eg：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow . 雪把房頂壓塌了. eg：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge .大洪水使橋樑倒塌了。（2） v.（計劃、事業等）垮掉、挫敗eg：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .因為資金短缺，我們的計畫挫敗。（3） v. 摺疊、可摺疊eg：This table collapses , so I can store it easily .這種桌子可以折疊,不用時很容易收藏。collapse a tent 把帳篷折疊起來 drill （1） v. 钻孔drill a hole in the wall 在牆上鑽個洞drill a tooth 鑽牙齒（2）v. 訓練 （某人），反覆練習、接受訓練drill troops 練兵drill in English pronunciation 英語發音練習（3） n. 錐子 、鑽孔機 an electric drill 電鑽make a hole with a drill 用鑽打洞（4） n. 訓練、演練、演習 a fire drill 消防演習drill in English words 英文單字反覆練習 capsule n. 容器、膠囊eg：He swallowed two capsules at a time . 他一下吃了兩粒膠囊。medicine ：pill pil 藥丸、 powder paud 藥粉 、 tablet tblit 藥片 、 capsule kpsju:l 膠囊 layer （1）n. 层、一層a layer of clay 一層泥 clay klei n.粘土，泥土a cake with two layers 兩層蛋（2） 置放者、砌的人（通常構成複合詞） a bricklayer 泥瓦匠（3） 下蛋的雞a good layer 常下蛋的雞 a bad layer 不常下蛋的雞 beneath （1） prep. 在.之下 （可用已表示接觸或未接觸時，稍為嚴謹的表達法，一般多用under） eg：Lets take a rest beneath the tree . 讓我們在樹下休息。eg：The ground beneath my feet was soft . 我腳下的土地鬆軟。（2）（地位、價值） 較.差的，較不值的的eg：His work is beneath contempt . 他的行為使人不屑一顧eg：Such words are beneath you . 說這些話有些失你身份。 lower （1） v. 放低（高度、位置） ，降低eg：She lowered her eyes . 他垂下眼睛。lower a flag 降旗 ； lower the sails 降帆lower the water in the canal 降低運河中的水位（2） v. 降低 （價格、數量、程度、聲音等）lower the rent of a house 降低房租 ； lower ones voice 壓低聲音the Lower House （兩院治的）下議院 the House of Representatives （美）眾議院 the House of Commons （英）下議院 the Upper House 上議院 progress （1）prgresv. 进展，进行eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work 我們現在工作進展順利。（2） v. 進步、上進eg：You have progressed quickly in mathematics . 你在數學上進步迅速。（1） n. prugres 前進、進行make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前進 。make slow progress toward the destination朝目的地緩慢前進。 （2） n. 進步 the progress of medicine 醫藥的進步 smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地go smoothly 進展順利eg：The escalator didnt operate smoothly . 自動扶梯沒有順利運作 escalator eskleit n.自動扶梯 operate preit vi.運轉；動手術；起作用 vt.操作；經營smooth （1） adj. 平滑的 、順利的（反義詞 rough） a smooth skin 光滑的皮膚 ； a smooth road 順暢的道路eg：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible . 他的努力使該法案得以順利通過。（2） adj. 口齒伶俐的 a smooth talker 一個能說會道的人（3） adj. 溫和的eg：He is smooth in his manners . 他舉止彬彬有禮。（4） v. 使平滑 （坦）smooth out a tablecloth 鋪平桌布eg：Dont forget to smooth down the board before you paint it .在刷油漆之前別忘了把木料打磨光滑。二Key structures： if 條件句真實條件句 ：主將從現非真實條件件句 ： 與現在事時相反或對不可能的情況假設主句：would do從句 ：一般過去式與過去事實相反的假設主句：would have done從句：had done.Exercise ：1. 用正確的動詞填空（1） If they are not brought （not bring ） to the surface soon , they may lose their lives .（2） If explosive are used , vibrations will cause （cause） the roof of the mine to collapse. （3） If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath soil, they would have completed（complete）the job in a few hours . （4） If they know how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock , they would lose（lose） heart .2. 用正確的動詞填空（1） If he had fitted safety belts to his car , he would not have been injured .（not injure） （2） The man would have been saved if a helicopter had been （be） available.（3） If you come home late you will find（find） the key under the mat .（4） I would have found the house easily if he had given （give） me the correct address. （5） If smoking is forbidden（forbid） illnesses will be reduced .【Text】Why is the rescue taking so long? Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.三課文講解： Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。 be trapped in a mine 被困在礦井a gold mine 金礦 ； work in a mine 在礦場工作 If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. 如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。 be brought to the surface 救到地面上来lose ones life 喪生However, rescue operations are proving difficult. 然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。 rescue （1） v.（從危險等） 救出rescuefrom 救eg：They rescued a boy from drowning . 救了那個落水男孩。eg：The firemen rescued a baby from the brining house.消防隊員從著火的房屋裏救出一名嬰兒。（2） n. 救助 go to ones rescue 去營救某人 prove v. 證明、顯示出prove + adj. eg：It proves difficult .prove + to be eg：It proves to be fifficult .prove that eg：It proves that it is difficult . 這證明，它是困難的If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. 如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。 真實條件句Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. 因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。 on the north side of the mine 在礦井北側on both sides of the street 在街道兩邊on the other side of the square 在廣場的另一側They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。intend to do 打算做某事intend sb to do 打算讓某人做某事eg：He intends to study abroad next year . 他打算明年到國外留學。 eg：He intends his son to manage the company .他打算讓他兒子經營該公司。 bring up （1） 養育、培育、教育eg：Shes brought up three children. 她一個人養大了三個孩子。a well-brought up child 有教養的孩子 a badly-brought up child 沒有教養的孩子（2） 提出話題eg：His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting . 他在會議上提出新的建議。 If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。 非真實條件句 As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。 as it is 實際上in fact as a matter of fact 實際上，其實a long way to go （本文中） 離鑽透還早著呢three months to go 還有三個月 Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. 与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。 enable sb to do 使某人做eg：The new contact enables us to demand whatever we want .新的通訊方式能讓我們得到想要的任何東西。 keep in touch with 與保持聯系eg：He still keeps in touch with his old friends . 他依然與他的老朋友保持聯系。 out of touch失去聯系eg：Im out of touch with economic conditions now . 我不了解現階段的經濟狀況。a near touch（a close call） 千鈞一髮 closest relatives immediate relatives 直系親屬Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. 虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。 run out of 耗盡 （use up） run after （chase） eg：A crowed of boys ran after the beggar . 一群男孩追趕著乞丐。run over 撞倒eg：That boy was nearly run over by a car . The car nearly hit him.小男孩差一點兒被汽車軋了。run in（新汽車的發動機的） 磨合運轉、磨合試車eg：Dont drive so fast . This car hasnt been run in yet . The car must be driven slowly so as not to damage the new engine .別開得這麼快這輛車還沒有試車。run into 偶遇run across / meet with / come across / meet by chance / meet by accident eg：I ran into Helga while I was in Sweden . 我在瑞典時偶遇Helga。They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. 他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。非真實條件句 drill through 鑽透 lose heart 失望 lose ones nerve四Special Difficulties：含有run 的短語 Exercises 用正確的動詞填空 ：1.I ran into an old friend of mine in a restaurant yesterday . ran into v. 跑進2. While driving to work yesterday . I ran out of petrol and had to walk to a garage . ran out of 用盡、缺乏3. This car will have to be serviced as soon as it has been run in. run in 試車, 飛機向目標的飛行, 插入部分, 爭論, 順便訪問4. Shes been taken to hospital . She was run over by a car . run over輾過、撞倒5. I ran after him , but I could not catch him . ran after v. 追趕(追求)新東方補充： 【Special Difficulties】 与run有关的短语run out of 用完，耗尽 They are running out of food and drink. He has run out of money.run after 追赶，追逐 Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.run over 在驶过/辗过 The car ran over a snake/his legs.run in 试车，试转（发动机等） John is running his new car in. Run in the engine before you start work.run into 偶然碰见 I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop. He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy.五Exercise：1.They have been trapped for seventeen hours . They tried to come up seventeen hours b .a. since b. ago c. for d. since then2. Vibrations will cause the roof to collapse . They will a collapse.a. make it b. make it to c. do it to d. do it 3. They are running out of food . They c .a. have none b. have s lot c. havent much d. cant eat it 4. One day I a a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college .a. came across 偶然遇見b. came about v. 發生(轉身, 改變方向)c. came after 跟在後面d. came at v. 達到(襲擊, 弄清)六Review：1. Key structures：真實條件句及非真實條件句真實條件句 ： （1）當表示對現在事實做相反假設：從句 ：一般過去時主句：would do （2） 當表示對過去事時做相反假設從句：過去完成時主句：would have done 2. Main Points：be trapped in 陷入, 貯藏在 . 裏lose ones life 失去生命enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事run out of 用完keep in touch with 和某人保持聯繫七補充內容：諺語：1. When / While the cats away, the mice will play .貓兒不在,老鼠作怪。 主人外出仆人作怪 八. 聽力訓練（歌曲） Scarborough fair Are you going to Scarborough Fair Parsley , sage , rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine Tell her to make me a cambric shirt （On the side of a hill in the deep forest green ）Parsley , sage rosemary and thyme （Tracing of sparrow on the snow crested brown） Without no seams nor needle work （Blankets and bedclothes the child of the mountain）Then shell be a true love of mine （Sleeps unaware of the clarion call） Tell her to find me an acre of land （On the side of a hill a sprinkling of leaves）Parsley , sage , rosemary and thyme （Washes the grave with silvery tears） Between the salt water and the sea strand （A soldier cleans and polishes a gun） Then shell be a true love of mine Tell her to reap it with a sickle of leather （War bellows blazing in scarlet battalions） Parsley , sage , rosemary and thyme （Generals order their soldiers to kill） And gather it all in a bunch of heather （And to fight for a cause theyve long ago forgotten ） Then shell be a true love of mine Are you going to Scarborough fair Parsley , sage , rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine