独立主格结构和with复合结构.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,独立主格结构和,with/without,复合结构,一独立主格结构,1.,概念,:,充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因,条件、方式或伴随情况等,。,2.,结构,:,名词,/,代词,+,非谓语（,doing&todo&done,）,形容词,&,副词,介词短语,。,形容词,&,副词,&,介词短语,&,状语从句,非谓语动词,逻辑主语,Taking your age into consideration,Youd better not go hiking.,Your age taken into consideration,youd better not go hiking.,(,逻主,you),(,逻主,your age,),（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同）,(,),名词,/,代词,+,分词,(,过去分词,done&,现在分词,doing),当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主,语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也,可放在句尾,;,作伴随状语时,常放在句首。,1._,they left the meeting,room.,（问题解决了）（,settle,）,2._,well go there on foot.,(,时间允许的话,)(permit)(cross),3.He was lying on the grass,(,他的手交叉在手下,),_,This problem settled,Time permitting,his hands crossed under his head,.,l,(),名词,/,代词,+(being),形容词,_,he had to stay home to look after her.(,他妈妈生病了,),2.He entered the house,(,他的鼻子冻得通红,),_,（,red,）,(),名词代词（,being),副词,He put on his socks,，,_,.,（反的一面在外面）,(out),His mother(being)ill,his nose red with cold,.,wrong side out,(),名词代词不定式,1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest _ in a year.(2005,湖南,),A.follows B.followed,C.to follow D.being followed,.,2._ (,最后一个人的到来,),，,our party was started.,（,arrive,）,The last guest to arrive,（,）,名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语,中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯,不用冠词。,1.Our teacher came into the classroom,_.(,手上一本书,),2._ the soldier rushed,to the top of the mountain.(,肩上一面旗帜）,book in hand,Flag on shoulder,(),有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是,being,或,having been,，这是为了简练,。,但在,“,being+,过去分词,”,或,“,there being,过去分词,”,结构中，,being,不可省,。,1._,he went to school.(,早餐结束后,),（,over,）,2._,she went back to her room.(,没有闹钟的原因,),3._,we,can,t go there.(,房间正在被油漆,),Breakfast(being)over,There being no cause for alarm,The room being painted now,二,With,和,without,复合结构,with,和,without,复合结构是,:,with/without,名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。,（,）,with/without,名词代词现在分词。,用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。,I couldnt finish my work with those children _.,A.playing around B.plays around,C.played around D.to play around,()with/without,名词代词,+,过去分词。,用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。,In the read-room,we found her seated at a desk,with her attention _ on a book.,A.fixing B.fixes,C.fixed D.to fix,()with/without,名词代词不定式。,用不定式表示将要发生的动作。,With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,A.settled B.settling,C.to settle D.being settled,()with/without,名词代词形容词。,She sleeps with the window open.,()with/without+,名词代词副词。,_ production up by 60%,the,company has had another excellent year.,A.As B.For C.With D.Through,()with/without+,名词代词介词短语。,1.He sleeps,with a book in his hand,.,2.A girl,with a necklace around her,neck,got on the bus.,三,with,和,without,复合结构,的,转化,（,）,with,和,without,复合结,构 可,变为状语从,句或并列句。,（）作时间状语,With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow,and some birds fly,south.,=,When winter comes on,the trees,turn yellow and some birds fly south.,（）作原因状语,With the key lost,she could not enter the room.,=As/Because the key had been lost,she could not enter the room.,(3),作条件状语,With time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace.,=If time permits,well visit the,Summer Palace.,(4),作伴随状语,Here are the first three volumes with,the fourth one to come out next month.,=Here are the first three volumes,the fourth one to come out next month.,=Here are the first three volumes and the,fourth one is coming out next month.,(),with,和,without,复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词,。,Soon she arrived at a park with,grass green and flowers in blossom.,=Soon she arrived at a park whose,grass was green and whose flowers,were in blossom.,1._ ten minutes _ before the last train,left,we arrived at the station.,A.There were;to go B.With;to go,C.I was;left D.It had;left,2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.,A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain,C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars,3._ the lights off,we could not go on with the,work.,A.Until B.As C.With D.Because,巩固练习,4.It was a pity that the great writer died,_ his work unfinished.,A.for B.with C.from D.of,5.The weather _ so bad,we had to put off the,football match.,A.was B.is C.were D.being,6._,the runners raced on to the finishing line.,A.Stick in hand B.With a stick in his hand,C.Sticks in hand D.Sticks in hands,7.The boy lay on the ground,his eyes _ and his,hands _.,A.being closed;trembling,B.closed;trembling,C.closed;trembled,D.closing;trembled,8._,the work can be done much better.,A.Given more time,B.We had been given more time,C.More time given,D.If more time had given,9.Weather _,the sports meet will be held,as scheduled.,A.permits B.will permit,C.to permit D.permitting,10._ a rainy day,he didnt go out for a walk,as usual.,A.It was B.It is,C.It being D.Having been,Well done!,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,一、分析句子结构,1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.,A.Having been told B.Told,C.He was told D.Though he told3._to the left,youll find the post office.4.If you _to the left,youll find the post office.5._to the left,and youll find the post office.,A.Turning B.To turn C.Turn D.Turned,二、分析逻辑主语,确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。,1._no buses,we have to walk home.,A.There being B.It were,C.There were D.It being,2._Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.,三、分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.,A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See3.The dirty clothes _,the girl hung them up outside.4._ the dirty clothes,the girl hung them up outside.,A.was washed B.washed,C.were washed D.having washed,四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。,1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built,C.being built D.built,看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合,He had a lot of friends,only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A.whom,B.them,C.which,D.who【,陷阱,】,容易误选,A,，认为这是非限制性定语从句。,【,分析,】,最佳答案是,B,，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词,invited,并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在,invited,前加上助动词,were,，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选,A,(1)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ carried out in their work.A.which,B.them,C.what,D.that(2)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which,B.them,C.what,D.that(3)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,but none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which,B.them,C.what,D.that,On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents seated together joking.A.their,B.whose,C.which,D.that【,陷阱,】,容易误选,B,，认为这是非限制性定语从句。,【,分析,】,最佳答案是,A,。与上面一题相似，,their parents seated together joking,不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词,seated,不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为,seat,作动词用时，是及物动词。,(1)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents were seated together joking.A.their,B.whose,C.which,D.that(2)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,and _ parents were seated together joking.A.their,B.whose,C.which,D.that(3)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents sitting together joking.A.their,B.whose,C.which,D.that(4)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents sat together joking.A.their,B.whose,C.which,D.that(5)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents were sitting together joking.A.their,B.whose,C.which,D.that,