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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1-Unit 2,虚拟语气,1/27,什么是虚拟语气？,虚拟语气表示所叙述,不是事实,，而是一个愿望、假设、提议、猜测或使语气婉转。,虚拟语气应用,一、虚拟语气在,if条件状语从句,中应用,二、虚拟语气在,宾语从句,中应用,三、虚拟语气在,as if/as though,引导方式状语从句,应用,四、,特殊句型,虚拟语气,五、难点：,特殊虚拟条件句,2/27,一、虚拟语气在,if条件状语从句,中应用,1、与现在事实相反（对现在虚拟）,从句谓语：,主句谓语：,If I,had,a lot of money,now,I,would travel around,the world.,普通过去时,would,should,could,might+动词原形,3/27,If I _ a boy,I _ the army.,A.were,would join B.am,shall join,C.was,would join D.was,shall join,A,注意：在虚拟语气从句中，be动词过去式一律用were，不能用was。,4/27,2、与未来事实相反（对未来虚拟）,从句谓语：,主句谓语：,If it,were,Sunday,tomorrow,I,should go,to see a film.,If he,should have,time,next Sunday,he,would go,to visit the Great Wall.,If I,were to be,twenty,next year,I,could take,the course.,1）普通过去时,would,should,could,might+动词原形,2）should+动词原形,3）were to+动词原形,5/27,If he _ in a day or two,I would wait for him.,A.returns B.should have returned,C.were to return D.had returned,2)I dont think he will attend the party.But if he _ the party,what would he wear?,A.should attend B.would attend C.attend D.had attended,C,A,6/27,3、与过去事实相反（对过去虚拟）,从句谓语：,主句谓语：,If he,had come,earlier,yesterday,he,would have seen,her.,过去完成时即had+动词过去分词,would,should,could,might+have+动词过去分词,7/27,If you _ the doctors advice,you would have recovered already.,A.followed B.would follow,C.follow D.had followed,2)I didnt know Smith was coming until now.If you had let me know yesterday,I _ to the airport to meet him.,A.would have gone B.would go,C.will have gone D.will go,D,A,8/27,注意：if虚拟条件句倒装和省略：当从句中有,were,had 或 should 时,可省略if，把它们放在句首。,1.If I were a teacher,I would have lots of students.,_ I a teacher,I would have lots of students.,2.If I had entered ruian high school,I would not sit here now.,_ _entered ruian high school,I would not sit here now.,3.If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorrow,I would play basketball there.,_ _ visit Zhejiang University tomorrow,I would play basketball there.,Were,Had I,Should we,9/27,二、虚拟语气在,宾语从句,中应用,1、wish+宾语从句,I,wish,I,were,a doctor.,I,wish,I,should go,abroad next year.,3)I,wish,I,had seen,the football match.,与,现在,事实相反，宾语从句谓语动词用,过去时,。,与,未来,事实相反，宾语从句谓语动词用,would,could,might+动词原形,。,与,过去,事实相反，宾语从句谓语动词用,过去完成时,。,10/27,注意1：,以上动词对应名词组成名词性从,句包含,主语从句,，,表语从句,和,同位语从句,也要使用虚拟语气,。从句中动词形式一,样。,即：(should),v.,order,command/,advice,suggestion,proposal/,demand,requirement,request,desire,My demand is that she_(come),to see me once a week.,All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory_(close down).,(should)come,(should)be,closed down,11/27,2、,suggest等动词+宾语从句,（在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。）,这类动词有：,insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,require,request,desire,即:一个坚持，两个命令，三个提议，四个要求。,Practice：我们提议汤姆去休息一下。,We suggested that_.,他果断要求我向他道歉。,He insisted that_.,Tom,(should)have,a rest,I,(should)apologize to him,坚持要某人做某事,12/27,注意2,：insist,suggest后接宾语从句不用虚拟语气情况。,she,insisted,that she,was,right.,2)The look on his face,suggested,that he,was,unhappy.,当insist意思是,坚持某人自己观点，坚持认为,时，后接宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,当suggest意思是,暗示、表明,时，后接宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,13/27,I would rather you,_(pay)me now.,I would rather you also _(go)yesterday.,Dont come.I would rather you,_(come)tomorrow.,3、,would rather,+宾语从句,表示现在或未来情况,，谓语动词用,普通,过去式,表示过去情况,，谓语动词用,过去完成时,。,paid,came,had gone,14/27,依据汉语意思补全以下句子（每空一词）,假如我带钱了，我就会借给你一些。,If I had money with me,I _ _ _ _.,2.假如他听我劝说话，就不会犯这么错了。,If he_ _ _ _,he would not have made such a mistake.,3.假如下周日大雪，我们就不去滑冰了。,If there _a heavy snow next Sunday,we _ _ _ _.,4.假如贝蒂知道你地址，她早就给你写信了。,_Betty _ your address,she would have written to you.,5.假如我还年轻，我会努力学习取得学位。,_ _ _,I would study hard to get a degree.,would,lend,you,some,had,taken,my,advice,were,would,not,go,skating,Had,known,Were,I,young,15/27,三、虚拟语气在as if/as though,引导方式状语从句应用,He behaves as if he,_(own)the house.,从句表示情况,从句谓语动词形式,与现在事实相反,普经过去时,与过去事实相反,过去完成时(had+过去分词),owned,16/27,1)She loves the baby as if it _(be)her own son.,2)I remember the whole thing as if,it _(happen)yesterday.,were,had happened,17/27,even if(even though)即使Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.,18/27,1、Its(high)time+(that),该是做时候了,should+,v,.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that you went.,Its time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,(should不可省略),四、特殊句型虚拟语气,19/27,2、Its necessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/a pity+that从句，,从句中动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,It is important,that,we,_,(master)a foreign language.,It is strange that,she,_(refuse)to come to the party.,Its necessary,that,we,_(study)hard.,Its a pity that,you _(miss)a good chance.,(should)master,(should)refuse,(should)study,(,should)miss,20/27,3.If only 引导感叹句（要是.该有多好啊),对现在虚拟,用过去式;,对过去虚拟,用过去完成时。,翻译：,要是我知道答案就好了！,If only I knew the answer!,要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only I hadnt missed the train!,21/27,五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句,1.,错综时间条件句,:主句谓语和条件从句谓语表示动作在时间上不一致,这时主从句谓语动词虚拟语气形式因时间不一样而不一样,这叫做 _。,If you _(ask)him yesterday,you _(know)what to do now.,If the staff _(be)more careful,the mall _(not be)on fire now.,例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实,相反,混合条件句,had asked,would know,had been,would not be,22/27,2.,含蓄条件句,：条件从句不表示出来，而是暗含在上下文或短语中，如介词,without,或,but for（,要不是）,引导短语，,代替if引导虚拟条件句。,Without water(=If there were no water),fish,could not live,.,对现在虚拟，用would/should/could/might+V原,But for your help(=If you had not helped me)，I,would have failed,.,对过去虚拟，用would/should/could/might have done,23/27,情态动词+have done,could have done 原来能够-,might have done 原来可能-,should/ought to have done 原来应该做-,shouldnt/ought not to have done 本不该做-,neednt have done 本无须做-,would have done 原来会去做-,你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth.,我没必要擦窗户。我弟兄做了。I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did it.,我没有足够钱不然我会买那本书。,I didnt have enough money,otherwise I would have bought that book.,24/27,用括号内所给词适当形式填空。,1.If I _(know)more about giving first aid,I _(help)them when the accident happened.,2.If I _(be)a man,I _(run)for president.,3.Do you think the thief entered through the side door?,No,if he _(have),he _ _(not break)the window of the living room.,had known,would have helped,were,would run,had had,wouldnt,have broken,25/27,4.I would rather you _(stay)at home last night.,5.I wish that the rain _(stop)immediately.,6.They talked as if they _(be)good friends for many years.,had been,had stayed,would stop,26/27,用虚拟语气翻译以下句子,1.我要是你话,我就会把英语学好。,2.假如你昨天来,你就会看见他。,3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。,4.我希望我十年前认识他。,5.他对待我就像对待他自己儿子一样。,Homework,27/27,
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