通悟语法系列7并列句和状语从句.ppt

第,7,讲,并列句和状语从句,(,一,),并列句,并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句,构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词,(,短语,),连,在一起。,考点,1,并列连词,【,考题小练,】,1.As a visitor or guest in _ a Chinese home or,restaurant,you will find that table manners are,essential in our daily life!,2.Their car broke down halfway _ they had to stay,in a small inn for the night.,either,and,3.Be careful about what you say _ you may regret it.,4.She was not feeling very well,_ she stayed at home,all day.,or,so,【,考点精讲,】,1.,并列连词的用法,用法,连词,例句,表并列、递进或顺承关系,and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.,but(also,).,not.but.,等,*,He,not only,read the book,but also,remembered what he had read.,用法,连词,例句,表转折、对比关系,but,while,等,*,It often rains in the south,while,it seldom rains in the north.,表选择关系,either.or.,or,等,*,Now you can have a rest,or,you can go to the cinema.,用法,连词,例句,表因果关系,for,so,等,*,He found it increasingly difficult to read,for,his eyesight was beginning to fail.,2.,使用并列连词的注意事项,(1),主谓一致中的就近原则,:neither.nor.,not,only.but also.,和,not.but.,在连接并列主语时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。,*,Neither,his parents,nor,I,am,able to persuade him to,change his mind.,(2),倒装,:not only.but also.,在连接并列分句时,如果,not only,置于句首,not only,所在的句子要用部分,倒装。,*,Not only,will help be given to people to find jobs,but,also,medical treatment will be provided for people who,need it.,(3)“,祈使句,+and/or+,陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点,有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。,*,Register in,Renren,and,you will be able to get in,touch with the friends whom you havent seen for a,long time.,(4),下列句型中常用并列连词,when:,be going to do,sth,.when.“,正要做某事,这时,(,突,然,),”,be about to do,sth,.when.“,正要做某事,这时,(,突,然,),”,be on the point of doing,sth,.when.“,正要做某事,这时,(,突然,),”,be doing,sth,.when.“,正在做某事,这时,(,突,然,),”,had done,sth,.when.“,刚做了某事,这时,(,突,然,),”,【,题组训练,】,单句改错,1.Although he had plenty of work to do,he still,stayed with me but played games with me.,(),2.You can take a present if you like,possibly a bottle,of wine,a box of chocolates and some flowers.,(),butand,andor,3.Last Sunday,I accompanied two of my foreign,friends,Tom or Mary,around,Chengdu,so that they,could get a feeling of the amazing city.(),4.(2019,长春模拟,)However,there is a rule that the,participants shall be in a group.But Id like to invite,you to be my partners.,世纪金榜导学号,(),orand,ButSo,(,二,),状语从句,考点,2,常见的状语从句,【,考题小练,】,1._ she picked up the phone after dinner to,continue the game,she started to feel that something,was wrong with her right eye.,When,2._ we make good use of public transport,the,environment will be better.,3.He keeps taking exercise in winter no matter _,cold it is.,If,how,【,考点精讲,】,1.,时间状语从句,(1)when,while,与,as,引导的时间状语从句,连词,从句谓语动词,用法指津,when,延续性动词,非延续性动词,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生,;,当,when,引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用由,as,引导的省略句来代替,when,引导的从句,连词,从句谓语动词,用法指津,while,延续性动词,从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,as,延续性动词,强调主从句动作相伴发生,可译为“一边,一边,;,随着”,*We will ensure that people from Taiwan will enjoy,the same treatment as local people,when,they pursue,their studies or seek jobs in mainland.,*Mary made coffee,while,her guests were finishing,their meal.,*,As,he grew older,he became less active.,(2)before,与,since,引导的时间状语从句,before,与,since,的常用句式,连词,词义,常用句式,before,在,之前,;,还未,就,;,才,;,趁,;,还没来得及,(1)It will(not)be+,一段时间,+before.“(,没有,),过,(,时,间,),才,”,(2)It was not/wont long,before.“,不久,就,”,(3)It was+,时间段,+before.,“,过了,(,时间,),才,”,连词,词义,常用句式,since,自从,以来,It is/has been+,一段时间,+since.(,从句用一般过去时,),*,It will be,half a year,before,I come back.,*,It wont,be long,before,we meet again.,*,It was,three days,before,he came back.,since,引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的是,自从句谓语动作算起,;,若用延续性动词或状态动词,所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。,*,Its two years,since,we arrived here.,*It is five years,since,the boy was a Young Pioneer.,(3),表示“一,就,”,含义的词,(,短语,),引导的时间状,语从句,引导时间状语从句,且表示“一,就,”,含义的,词或短语有,as soon as,the moment,the minute,the,instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.,等。,*,We will leave,the minute,you are ready.,*,Directly,I received his letter I went to see him.,hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.,中主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时,;,当,no,sooner.,和,hardly/scarcely.,位于句首时,主句要用,部分倒装。,*,The old man had,hardly,stepped down from the bus,when,it started.,*,Scarcely,had she heard the sad story,when,she burst,out crying.,(4)until,与,till,引导的时间状语从句,连词,位置,用法,注意事项,until,可以放,在句首,not.until,可用于强调句型,(1)until/till,用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词,(2)not until,位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,till,不可放,在句首,一般不用于强调句型,*If a lot of people say a film is not good,I wont,bother to see it,or Ill wait,until/till,it comes out on,DVD.,*It was,not until,he told me about it again that I had,any idea of it.,*,Not until,he told me about it again did I have any,idea of it.,(5),引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词,(,短语,),after,whenever,every time,each time,next time,the first/last time,any time,by the time,the day/year,等。,*,Every time,I express an opinion,she always argues,back.,【,点津,】,by the time,引导的时间状语从句如果用一般,现在时,主句用将来完成时,;,从句如果用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。,*,By the time,you,come,back,we,will have finished,the,job.,*,By the time,I got,to the station,the bus,had,already,driven off,.,2.,条件状语从句,(1),条件状语从句的常见引导词,if,unless,as/so long as,in case(,万一,),once,on,condition that,provided/providing(that),supposing(that),等。,*I may not come to see you,unless,I can complete the,project ahead of time.,*I dont mind where you go,as long as,youre back,before midnight.,(2),条件状语从句的时态,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过,去将来时。,*,If everyone,does,his part,the project will surely be a,success.,3.,让步状语从句,引导词,从句位置,语序,特别说明,although,灵活,正常,although,与,though,都可以与,yet,still,nevertheless,连用,但不能和,but,连用。,though,灵活,正常或倒装,as,句首,倒装,(,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词,),引导词,从句位置,语序,特别说明,while,句首,正常,though,还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。,even if,与,even,though,灵活,正常,引导词,从句位置,语序,特别说明,no matter,+,疑问词,/,疑问词,+ever,灵活,正常,whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever,还可以引导名词性从句,但“,no matter+,疑问词”不可以。,whether.,or not,句首,正常,*,Although/Though,he may be troubled,(yet/still)he,always presents a calm smiling face.,*,Much as/though,I have traveled,I have never seen,anyone whos as capable as John.,*,While,I admit that there are problems,I dont agree,that they cannot be solved.,4.,结果状语从句,(1)so.that,中,so,后面跟形容词或副词。,*,I was,so tired that,I lost myself during marching.,(2)such.that,中,such,后面跟名词。,*,There was,such,a crush on the train,that,I could,hardly breathe.,5.,原因状语从句,(1)because,用来回答,why,的提问,语气最强,一般放在,主句之后。,*,The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair,because,he wanted to sit next to his wife.,(2)since/now that,表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明,的原因,多放在句首。,*,Since,you have done that,stop blaming yourself.,(3)as,引导的从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句,说明结果,常用于口语中。,*,As,he didnt know much English,he looked up the,word in the dictionary.,【,点津,】,when,seeing that,considering that,表示“既,然,考虑到”,也可引导原因状语从句。,*,It was foolish of you to take a taxi,when,you could,walk there in five minutes.,*She is very active,considering,that she is getting on in,years.,【,题组训练,】,1.(2019,济南模拟,)Share a book with a child who,might need it,share a story with someone who would,treasure it,and listen patiently to someone elses story,_they share it with you.,as/when,2.We know that _ task your group is given,a,few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive,and successful experience.,3.“We think,daigou,are a positive force _,they are good for the local economy.”says Peter,Nathan,chief executive of the local food industry.,世,纪金榜导学号,whatever,because/as,考点,3,其他状语从句,【,考题小练,】,1.The city traffic will provide hard points for the buses,to overcome,since they have to work _ common,cars and other road users may not be predictable.,where,2.The house was greatly damaged by the truck and,wed better leave it _ it is until the police arrive.,as,【,考点精讲,】,1.,地点状语从句,(1)where,与,wherever,意义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书面语。,*,I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too,much noise,where,I am sitting.,*Put it,wherever,we see it.,(2),地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。,*,Where,theres a will,theres a way.,2.,目的状语从句,(1)so that/in order that,引导的目的状语从句中需用情,态动词,can,could,等。,*,They flew there,in order that/so,that,they might be in,time to attend the opening ceremony.,(2)in order that,引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后,so that,引导的从句只能位于主句之后。,*,In order that,we could save time we used the,computer.,(3)for fear that(,唯恐,以防,),与,in case,引导的目的状语,从句中,谓语动词有时也用,should/might/could+,动词,原形。,*,Batteries must be kept in dry places,for fear that,electricity(should)leak away.,*He had his camera ready,in case,he saw something,that would make a good picture.,【,点津,】,in case,当“万一,如果”讲时,引导条件状语从,句。,*,In case,he leaves,please inform me.,3.,方式状语从句,(1)as,引导方式状语从句,意为“按照”。,*,Will you please do the experiment,as,I am doing?,(2)as if,或,as though,的意义和用法基本一样,;,从句中可,以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。,*,Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at,him,as if,he had done something very clever.,4.,比较状语从句,(1)as.as;not so/as.as;the same.as,表示相同,程度的比较,肯定句用,as.as,否定句可用,not as.,as,或,not so.as,。,*,He doesnt run so/as fast,as,Jack(does).,(2)than,表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副词,的比较级。,*,He runs less fast,than,me.,【,题组训练,】,1.One day,he went there buying a CD _ he did every,day.,2.(2019,郑州模拟,)This made the goat so jealous _,it began plotting(,谋划,)against the donkey.,3.She has _ much experience that she has a very good,knowledge of herbal medicine.,as,that,so,【,高考呈现,】,1.(2018,全国卷,)She chose to sell a few larger,objects that were less often used when we promised to,put the money into her school fund(,基金,)(our,kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a,doctor).,【,难句分析,】,分析,:,本句为一个包含,when,引导的时间状语从句的复,合句,to sell a few larger objects that were less often,used,作,chose,的宾语,其中,objects,后为,that,引导的定语,从句,that,在定语从句中作主语。,翻译,:,当我们承诺卖玩具所得费用将存入她的上学基,金时,女儿就挑选了一些平时不太经常玩的较大玩具,卖了,(,我们上学前班的女儿对以后当医生的想法可是认,真的,),。,2.(2018,北京高考,)But however long it takes,the,technology has the potential to change our,transportation systems and our cities,for better or for,worse,depending on how the transformation is,regulated.,分析,:,这是一个主从复合句。句中,however,引导让步状,语从句。主句中,depending on how the transformation,is regulated,为现在分词短语作状语,该结构中,how,引导,宾语从句。,翻译,:,但不管需要多长时间,这项技术有可能改变我们,的交通系统和城市向好或者坏的方向发展,这种改变,取决于监管的力度。,.,语法填空解题技法,【,高考试水区,】,1.(2016,全国卷,)In much of Asia,especially the,so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,_ Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.,世纪金榜导学号,and,2.(2018,天津高考,)Stand over there _ youll be,able to see it better.,3.(2018,北京高考,)_ we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.,4.(2016,全国卷,)Over time,_the population,grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it,would cook more quickly.,and,If,as/when,【,微技能点拨,】,1.,完整的句子中,如果两个单词或短语并列,要填并列,连词,;,2.,若两个句子,(,两个主谓结构,),之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,空格处必定填连词,;,3.,牢记特殊句式中连词的运用,;,4.,全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词,熟悉它们的用法,;,5.,准确判断主从句的逻辑关系,同时要注意区分易混,词,:,如果主从句是因果关系,则要考虑用,because/as/,since;,如果主从句有时间先后之分,则要考虑用时间,状语从句的连词,;,如果从句为主句的条件,则要考虑,用,if;,如果从句表示让步,则要考虑用,although,或,though,或,while;,如果有,that,则要考虑用,so,和,such,。,.,短文改错解题技法,【,高考试水区,】,1.(2016,全国卷,)Though not very big,but the,restaurant is popular in our area.(),2.(2018,全国卷,)At the end of our trip,I told my,father that I planned to return every two years,but,he agreed.(),去掉,but,butand,3.(2018,全国卷,)Everyone was silent,waiting to see,who would be called upon to read his and her,paragraph aloud.(),4.(2018,全国卷,)The games my parents taught me,where I was a child turned out to be very useful later,in my life.,世纪金榜导学号,(),andor,wherewhen,5.(2017,全国卷,)I was so much nervous that I could,hardly tell which direction was left.(),去掉,much,【,微技能点拨,】,1.,句间无连词,增加连词,凡是两个句子间没有句号、分号,又没有连词时,一,定是漏掉了连词,要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑,关系,增加一个适当的连词。,2.,句间多连词,删除连词,特别是受汉语影响,易将,although/though.but.,because.so.,连用,遇到此种情况,一般删除后面,的,but,so,以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大,写的原则。,3.,遇到连词要考究是否用错,要根据句意、前后的逻辑关系去判断连词是否正确。,4.,状语从句改错三步骤,第,1,步分析逻辑关系,;,第,2,步判断状语从句类型,;,第,3,步锁定从属连词。,