英汉翻译 (9).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Skill XITranslation in a textual perspective(1),What is a text?(1),Grammatically,speaking,a,text,consists of sentences;a sentence consists of clauses;a clause,phrases;a phrase,words.,But,Halliday,and,Hasan,thought“the word,text,is used,in linguistics,to refer to any passage,spoken or written,of whatever length,that does form,a unified whole,It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play,from a cry for help to an all-day discussion,What is a text?(2),A text,is a,unit of language,in use,.It is not a grammatical unit.It is not defined by its size,A text,is best regarded as,a semantic unit,a unit not of form but,of meaning,.,Thus it is related to a clause or sentence not by size but by,realization,.”,So we can say a text is,a communicative unit,.It does not only consist of sentences,it is also realized by sentences which must be meaningful.,What is a text?(3),Look at the following examples.Is it a text?Why or why not?,Toms wife is female.,The example is grammatically correct,but it means nothing.The sentence is not informative.It is not a text.,Help!,When there is a fire and someone calls help.He means to ask for help and the hearer will take an action.The word is meaningful.,A passage/an article,What is a text?(4),A text in linguistics,Textrealized in,Paragraph,Sentence,Clause,Phrase,Wordcontrolled by,Translation in a textual perspective,(strategic decision making ranks),Text,logic among clauses,Paragraph,and sentence,(operational ranks),Sentence,decode and encode the information,Clause,and,reconstruct sentences,Phrase,collocation,word,What should be considered,Consider the style of the text,Consider the purpose of writing and translation(writer and reader),Consider the relationship between meaning and structure,Consider the background and culture,Consider the,context,Try to translate the following passage,Practice 1,First analyze the organization of the paragraph,Discipline means choices.,Every time you say yes to a goal or objective,you say no to many more.,Every prize has its price.,The prize is the yes;the price is the no.,Igor,Gorin,the noted Ukrainian-American baritone,told of his early days studying voice.,He loved to smoke a pipe,but one day his professor said,Igor,you will have to make up your mind whether you are going to be a great singer,or a great pipe-smoker.,You cannot be both.,So the pipe went.,Practice 2,Discipline means choices./,Every time you say yes to a goal or objective,you say no to many more.Every prize has its price.The prize is the yes;the price is the no.,/,Igor,Gorin,the noted Ukrainian-American baritone,told of his early days studying voice.He loved to smoke a pipe,but one day his professor said,Igor,you will have to make up your mind whether you are going to be a great singer,or a great pipe-smoker.You cannot be both.So the pipe went.,Practice 3,原文是“,Rules Every Achiever Knows”,中的一段。原文中句为,主题句,，对主题句加以,说明,，则是为了进一步说明主题而举出的一个,实例,。段落结构简洁、环环相扣，各句紧密相连共同说明主题。,Then try to translate each sentence,Discipline means choices.,A,、纪律就意味着有很多选择。,B,、自律就意味着有取有舍。,C,、自律就意味着选择。,Practice 4,Every time you say yes to a goal or objective,you say no to many more.,A,、每当你肯定一个目标或对象，你就同时否定了更多的目标。,B,、每次你对一个目标说是，你就对好多目标说了不。,C,、每当你选定了一个目标，也就同时放弃了其它许多目标。,Every prize has its price.,A,、每项成绩的获得都有它的代价。,B,、每个奖励都有价格。,C,、每种奖励都有它的代价。,Practice 5,The prize is the yes;the price is the no.,A,、成绩来自你的所取，代价就是你的所舍。,B,、肯定就是奖励，否定就是代价。,C,、奖励就是是，价格就是不。,如果我们选择其中的,C,、,A,、,C,、,B,组合起来，则会得到以下译文,:,自律,就意味着,选择,。每当你,肯定,一个目标或对象，你就同时,否定,了更多的目标。每种,奖励,都有它的,代价,，,肯定,就是,奖励,，,否定,就是,代价,。,著名乌克兰裔美国男中音歌唱家伊戈尔戈林曾谈起他早年学声乐的事。他喜欢抽烟，可是一天教授对他说：“伊戈尔，你得下决心，要么做个大歌唱家，要么做个大烟鬼。两者不可兼得。”于是，他舍弃了烟斗。,Practice 6,在这段中，前四句话有些前言不搭后语，不连贯，主题不明确，失去了原句间所具有的逻辑联系。其症结就在于忽略了篇章的整体性。原文的句子都是围绕着主题展开，,choice-yes-no,构成一条明晰的词汇链，译者只有在选词、构句过程中从整个段落入手进行分析比较，抓住段落的主题，才能将原文表达得淋漓尽致。,如果我们把,B,、,C,、,A,、,A,组合起来,:,自律,就意味着,有取有舍,。每当你,选定,了一个目标，也就同时,放弃,了其它许多目标。每项成绩的,获得,都有它的,代价,，,成绩,来自你的,所取,，,代价,就是你的,所舍,。,context(I),There are,three kinds,of context,Linguistic,context,Situational,context,Cultural,context,context(II),Linguistic context,It refers to cohesion and coherence within a text.,Situational context,It is related to the situation,the participants,and the things mentioned.,Cultural context,It refers to those related to culture and background,Discussion and Homework,Discussion on the exercise,Study on passage 7 and its translation,