最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点.doc

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)
1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。
3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.
二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)
1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵
2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women
三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）
1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父
2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)
3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体
4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
5、代表作：The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端)
内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.
特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romance lacked-interest of character as well as incident.
观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.
主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale ④The Wife of Bath
四、The Renaissance (16世纪)
1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.
2、主要文学成就：
Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.
Sidney Spenser: the poet’s poet.
Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)
Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas Nashe
Essays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)
3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnets
First period (1590-1600):comdies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人
Second period(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白
Third period(1609—1612)histories
Lyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
Sonnet 18:
Theme：The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.
Sonnet 29:
Theme：①The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ②Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.
The character of Hamlet:
①Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.
②Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.
③His intellectual genius is outstanding.
④Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.
五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)
1、文学特点 concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan.
光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty
2、代表人物：
①John Donne “metaphysical poets玄学
A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.
B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spiritually
②John Milton
The indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.
诗歌：Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园
戏剧：Samson Agonistes力士参孙
Shorter poems: L‘Allegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas Comus
Principal pamphlets: Areopagitica : attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the press
Eikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles I
Defense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution
Sonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His Blindness
③John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrim’s Progress
④John Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright
六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)
1、文学特点：The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In this stage,staire was much used in writing.
2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)
3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.
4、文学名人及作品：
①classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele：The Spectator Addison Pope johnson
②pre-romanticism
William Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描 The Book of Thel 塞尔书
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
Robert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 <A Red, Red Rose> My Heart’s in then Highlands> <The Tree Of Liberty>
③ modern novel
A. realistic novel
Daniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan Swift
B. sentimentalism
Laurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram Shandy
Thomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌
5、Daniel Defoe
①英国小说之父
②Robinson Crusoe
全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
The writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.
The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.
③Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana
6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗
The History of Tom Jones, a foundling
主要人物：Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterling
Sophia Western: brave and admirable
Blifil: sly, perfidious
Joseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia
7、Jonathan Swift（irony反讽)
A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapier’s Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gulliver’s Travels格列佛
四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms
七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scott’s death.
2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exotic picture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.
3.emphaize on emotion
4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.
5.romantuc writers
The first generation romantic writers
Burns Blake----------pre-romantis
Wordsworth Coleridge--------negtive
The second generation romantic writers
Byron Shelley and Keats-----active romantics
Historical novelist-----Walter Scott
6.Wordsworth
A..style:simplicity and purity of language and love of nature
B.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
① <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> / Daffodils/ The Daffodils
Theme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”
2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏
③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂
④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
⑤Lucy Poems 露西
⑥<The Prelude>序曲
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老水手之歌 The Excursion 漫游
7.Lord Byron
A.Byron’s language is moody and vicid,and he covers vast ares,both geographically and moyionally.
B.Byronic hero:dark romances
C.works
①<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记
②<Don Juan>唐•璜 ③<Cain>该隐 诗歌：<She Walks In Beauty>
8.Shelley
A.the mask of anarchy 暴政的化的装游行
B．the finest lyric poets in the English language
C．works
<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性 <Queen Mab>麦布女王
<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛
<Prometheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
<The Cenci>钦契 <A Defence of Poetry>诗辩 <Ode to the West Wind>西风颂 To a Skylark>致云雀
9.Scott
A. a historical novelist
B.works
Ivanhoe 艾凡赫 waverly 威弗利 the lady of the lake 湖畔湖人 Rob Roy罗布.罗衣
10.Jane Austen
作品：
① <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情
②<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见
③<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园
④<Emma>爱玛
⑤<Persuasion>劝导
⑥<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺

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